Polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons

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The text on this page is taken from an equivalent page of the IEHIAS-project.

The most commonly used biomarkers of PAH-exposure are metabolites of PAHs, particularly 1-Hydroxypyrene (1-OH) and PAH-DNA or –protein adducts.

as a biomarker

Sample collection and storage

Matrix:

  • DNA- and protein adducts are determined in blood (white blood cells or lymphocytes) or placenta.
  • 1-OH is determined in urine

Kinetics:

  • Total intake of carcinogenic PAHs is estimated at 3 µg/day for non-smokers.
  • Main sources of PAHs for non-smokers are occupation, food and air pollution.
  • Tobacco smoke adds around 2-5 µg/day for a 1 pack/day smoker.
  • The half-life of 1-OH is about 18-20 hours,
  • The half-life of DNA-adducts is in the order of months
  • Half-life is 20-120 days for protein adducts, depending on the type of protein.

Sampling conditions:

Urine or blood samples can be gathered and stored using standard protocols

Sample measurement

Analytical aspects: 1-OH is mainly analysed using either HPLC and fluorescence detection, or GC/MS

Performance characteristics:

  • Detection limits are around 0,05 µg/l for HPLC, and 0,1 µg/l for GC/MS.
  • DNA-adducts are measured using ELISA and ³²P-Postlabelling techniques.
  • Protein adducts are measured in blood proteins using GC/MS, HPLC or ELISA.

Validation:

Standardization of ³²P-postlabelling was organized by IARC

Confounding factors:

Higher intake of vitamin C may affect the level of DNA adducts in the placenta, and also ethnicity may have an influence of DNA adduct levels

Data interpretation

Concentrations reported in literature:


Dose-response/effect relationships:

  • Significant correlations are observed between individual personal exposure and DNA-adducts.
  • PAH exposure also correlates with oxidative stress, comet assay and other genotoxic endpoints.

Time trend, geographical variation, susceptibel groups:

  • PAH levels are frequently higher in winter than summer due to residential heating.
  • Studies have additionally suggested an increased susceptibility of the developing foetus

See also

Integrated Environmental Health Impact Assessment System
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