Polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons: Difference between revisions

From Opasnet
Jump to navigation Jump to search
(Created page with "Category:IEHIAS Category:Exposure Category:Biomarker :''The text on this page is taken from an equivalent page of the IEHIAS-project. The most com...")
 
mNo edit summary
 
Line 56: Line 56:
*PAH levels are frequently higher in winter than summer due to residential heating.
*PAH levels are frequently higher in winter than summer due to residential heating.
*Studies have additionally suggested an increased susceptibility of the developing foetus
*Studies have additionally suggested an increased susceptibility of the developing foetus
==See also==
{{IEHIAS}}

Latest revision as of 19:08, 25 September 2014

The text on this page is taken from an equivalent page of the IEHIAS-project.

The most commonly used biomarkers of PAH-exposure are metabolites of PAHs, particularly 1-Hydroxypyrene (1-OH) and PAH-DNA or –protein adducts.

as a biomarker

Sample collection and storage

Matrix:

  • DNA- and protein adducts are determined in blood (white blood cells or lymphocytes) or placenta.
  • 1-OH is determined in urine

Kinetics:

  • Total intake of carcinogenic PAHs is estimated at 3 µg/day for non-smokers.
  • Main sources of PAHs for non-smokers are occupation, food and air pollution.
  • Tobacco smoke adds around 2-5 µg/day for a 1 pack/day smoker.
  • The half-life of 1-OH is about 18-20 hours,
  • The half-life of DNA-adducts is in the order of months
  • Half-life is 20-120 days for protein adducts, depending on the type of protein.

Sampling conditions:

Urine or blood samples can be gathered and stored using standard protocols

Sample measurement

Analytical aspects: 1-OH is mainly analysed using either HPLC and fluorescence detection, or GC/MS

Performance characteristics:

  • Detection limits are around 0,05 µg/l for HPLC, and 0,1 µg/l for GC/MS.
  • DNA-adducts are measured using ELISA and ³²P-Postlabelling techniques.
  • Protein adducts are measured in blood proteins using GC/MS, HPLC or ELISA.

Validation:

Standardization of ³²P-postlabelling was organized by IARC

Confounding factors:

Higher intake of vitamin C may affect the level of DNA adducts in the placenta, and also ethnicity may have an influence of DNA adduct levels

Data interpretation

Concentrations reported in literature:


Dose-response/effect relationships:

  • Significant correlations are observed between individual personal exposure and DNA-adducts.
  • PAH exposure also correlates with oxidative stress, comet assay and other genotoxic endpoints.

Time trend, geographical variation, susceptibel groups:

  • PAH levels are frequently higher in winter than summer due to residential heating.
  • Studies have additionally suggested an increased susceptibility of the developing foetus

See also

Integrated Environmental Health Impact Assessment System
IEHIAS is a website developed by two large EU-funded projects Intarese and Heimtsa. The content from the original website was moved to Opasnet.
Topic Pages
Toolkit
Data

Boundaries · Population: age+sex 100m LAU2 Totals Age and gender · ExpoPlatform · Agriculture emissions · Climate · Soil: Degredation · Atlases: Geochemical Urban · SoDa · PVGIS · CORINE 2000 · Biomarkers: AP As BPA BFRs Cd Dioxins DBPs Fluorinated surfactants Pb Organochlorine insecticides OPs Parabens Phthalates PAHs PCBs · Health: Effects Statistics · CARE · IRTAD · Functions: Impact Exposure-response · Monetary values · Morbidity · Mortality: Database

Examples and case studies Defining question: Agriculture Waste Water · Defining stakeholders: Agriculture Waste Water · Engaging stakeholders: Water · Scenarios: Agriculture Crop CAP Crop allocation Energy crop · Scenario examples: Transport Waste SRES-population UVR and Cancer
Models and methods Ind. select · Mindmap · Diagr. tools · Scen. constr. · Focal sum · Land use · Visual. toolbox · SIENA: Simulator Data Description · Mass balance · Matrix · Princ. comp. · ADMS · CAR · CHIMERE · EcoSenseWeb · H2O Quality · EMF loss · Geomorf · UVR models · INDEX · RISK IAQ · CalTOX · PANGEA · dynamiCROP · IndusChemFate · Transport · PBPK Cd · PBTK dioxin · Exp. Response · Impact calc. · Aguila · Protocol elic. · Info value · DST metadata · E & H: Monitoring Frameworks · Integrated monitoring: Concepts Framework Methods Needs
Listings Health impacts of agricultural land use change · Health impacts of regulative policies on use of DBP in consumer products
Guidance System
The concept
Issue framing Formulating scenarios · Scenarios: Prescriptive Descriptive Predictive Probabilistic · Scoping · Building a conceptual model · Causal chain · Other frameworks · Selecting indicators
Design Learning · Accuracy · Complex exposures · Matching exposure and health · Info needs · Vulnerable groups · Values · Variation · Location · Resolution · Zone design · Timeframes · Justice · Screening · Estimation · Elicitation · Delphi · Extrapolation · Transferring results · Temporal extrapolation · Spatial extrapolation · Triangulation · Rapid modelling · Intake fraction · iF reading · Piloting · Example · Piloting data · Protocol development
Execution Causal chain · Contaminant sources · Disaggregation · Contaminant release · Transport and fate · Source attribution · Multimedia models · Exposure · Exposure modelling · Intake fraction · Exposure-to-intake · Internal dose · Exposure-response · Impact analysis · Monetisation · Monetary values · Uncertainty
Appraisal