Polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons: Difference between revisions
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*PAH levels are frequently higher in winter than summer due to residential heating. | *PAH levels are frequently higher in winter than summer due to residential heating. | ||
*Studies have additionally suggested an increased susceptibility of the developing foetus | *Studies have additionally suggested an increased susceptibility of the developing foetus | ||
==See also== | |||
{{IEHIAS}} | |||
Latest revision as of 19:08, 25 September 2014
- The text on this page is taken from an equivalent page of the IEHIAS-project.
The most commonly used biomarkers of PAH-exposure are metabolites of PAHs, particularly 1-Hydroxypyrene (1-OH) and PAH-DNA or –protein adducts.
as a biomarker
Sample collection and storage
Matrix:
- DNA- and protein adducts are determined in blood (white blood cells or lymphocytes) or placenta.
- 1-OH is determined in urine
Kinetics:
- Total intake of carcinogenic PAHs is estimated at 3 µg/day for non-smokers.
- Main sources of PAHs for non-smokers are occupation, food and air pollution.
- Tobacco smoke adds around 2-5 µg/day for a 1 pack/day smoker.
- The half-life of 1-OH is about 18-20 hours,
- The half-life of DNA-adducts is in the order of months
- Half-life is 20-120 days for protein adducts, depending on the type of protein.
Sampling conditions:
Urine or blood samples can be gathered and stored using standard protocols
Sample measurement
Analytical aspects: 1-OH is mainly analysed using either HPLC and fluorescence detection, or GC/MS
Performance characteristics:
- Detection limits are around 0,05 µg/l for HPLC, and 0,1 µg/l for GC/MS.
- DNA-adducts are measured using ELISA and ³²P-Postlabelling techniques.
- Protein adducts are measured in blood proteins using GC/MS, HPLC or ELISA.
Validation:
Standardization of ³²P-postlabelling was organized by IARC
Confounding factors:
Higher intake of vitamin C may affect the level of DNA adducts in the placenta, and also ethnicity may have an influence of DNA adduct levels
Data interpretation
Concentrations reported in literature:
Dose-response/effect relationships:
- Significant correlations are observed between individual personal exposure and DNA-adducts.
- PAH exposure also correlates with oxidative stress, comet assay and other genotoxic endpoints.
Time trend, geographical variation, susceptibel groups:
- PAH levels are frequently higher in winter than summer due to residential heating.
- Studies have additionally suggested an increased susceptibility of the developing foetus