Energy transformations

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Question

What are the typical energy processes in different Urgenche cities? Processes are events where energy if converted from one form to another or one use to another.

Answer

This code gets the ovariable of this page and calculates some basic results.

+ Show code- Hide code library(OpasnetUtils) # A package with Opasnet functionalities library(xtable) # A package with table formats library(ggplot2) # A package with fancy graph formats objects.latest("Op_en5472", "calculations") # Get the latest ovariables from code calculations on page Op_en5472. energytransformations <- EvalOutput(energytransformations) print(xtable(energytransformations@output), type = 'html') # Show a result table ggplot(energytransformations@output, # Show a bar chart aes(x = Fuel, y = energytransformationsResult)) + geom_bar(position="dodge") + theme_grey(base_size = 24) + theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90, hjust = 1))

Rationale

Data

Energy transformations: Difference between revisions(-)

Obs	Flow	Activity	Use	Fuel	Unit	Result	Description
1	Traffic biofuel production	Petroleum refineries	Input	Renewables and waste	MWh	1
2	Traffic biofuel production	Petroleum refineries	Output	Petrochemical products	MWh	1
3	Traffic fuel production	Petroleum refineries	Input	Crude oil	MWh	1
4	Traffic fuel production	Petroleum refineries	Output	Petrochemical products	MWh	1
5	CHP in large plant, peat	CHP plants	Input	Crude oil	ton	0.18	Peat contains 18 % of crude oil because peat does not burn well alone.
6	CHP in large plant, peat	CHP plants	Input	Coal and peat	ton	0.82	Peat
7	CHP in large plant, peat	CHP plants	Output	Heat	MWh	2.88	Outputs divide into heat and power, and the ratio depends on local situations
8	CHP in large plant, peat	CHP plants	Output	Electricity	MWh	1.84
9	CHP in large plant, peat	CHP plants	Output	PM2.5	g	300
10	CHP in large plant, peat	CHP plants	Output	CO2e	ton	1.87
11	CHP in large plant, peat	CHP plants	Output	Ash	ton	0.05
12	CHP in large plant, wood	CHP plants	Input	Renewables and waste	ton	1
13	CHP in large plant, wood	CHP plants	Output	Heat	MWh	2.88	Outputs divide into heat and power, and the ratio depends on local situations. Output 0.61*17 kJ/g*1Mg/ton/3.6 ks = 2.88 MWh
14	CHP in large plant, wood	CHP plants	Output	Electricity	MWh	1.84	Output 0.39*17 kJ/g*1Mg/ton/3.6 ks = 1.84 MWh
15	CHP in large plant, wood	CHP plants	Output	PM2.5	g	30
16	CHP in large plant, wood	CHP plants	Output	CO2e	ton	0
17	CHP in large plant, wood	CHP plants	Output	CO2a	ton	2.33
18	CHP in large plant, wood	CHP plants	Output	Ash	ton	0.05
19	Oil refinery	Petroleum refineries	Input	Crude oil	MWh	1
20	Oil refinery	Petroleum refineries	Output	Petrochemical products	MWh	1
21	Energy use of petrochemical products	Final energy use	Output	Petrochemical products	MWh	1
22	Energy use of petrochemical products	Final energy use	Output	CO2e	ton	0.32	3.13 ton CO2e/toe / (35 MJ/kgoe * 1000 kgoe/toe * (1 Wh /3600 J)) = 0.32 ton CO2/MWh gasoline
23	Small-scale wood burning	Heating	Output	Renewables and waste	MWh	1
24	Small-scale wood burning	Heating	Output	PM2.5	g	300
25	Savon Sellu	Other energy consumption	Output	Renewables and waste	MWh	1
26	Savon Sellu	Other energy consumption	Output	Cardboard products	ton	0.05
27	Savon Sellu	Other energy consumption	Output	PM2.5	g	30

• CHP = Combined heat and power
• CO2e = CO2 equivalents. This is the official number which assumes that bioenergy CO2 is absorbed and the net emission is thus 0.
• CO2a = CO2 additional emission. This does not assume absorption but estimates the direct CO2 emission, additional to CO2e.

Energy transformations describe energy flows between cells in an energy balance sheet. For example, see op_fi:Energiatase/Kuopio.

Numbers are just rough placeholders at the moment.

Mid Value of wood heater PM2.5 Emission factor:

Source	Wood heater EMF (mg/MJ)
Manual with Accumulator	87.28
Manual Without Accumulator	763
Auto feed wood cheep boiler	54.59
auto feed pollet boiler	32.19
Irone Stove	763
Masonry heater	90
Open Fireplace	872.8

Domestic heat production PM2.5 EMF

Source	Amount (mg/MJ)
Oil	2
Pellet	32.19
Wood Boiler	266.8
Local district, oil	0
Local district, wood	0
Electricity	0
Geothermal	0
Current district	0
Secondary wood	90
Air heat pump	0

Mid value of PM2.5 emission (mg/a)

Time Line	50 MW	20-50 MW	Less than 20	Domestic
2010	0	0	0	37.39G
2015	0	0	0	37.18G
2020	0	0	0	36.97G
2025	0	0	0	36.76
2030	0	0	0	36.56
2035	0	0	0	36.35
Totals	0	0	0	221.2G

CO₂ Emission factor:

Mid value of Fuel CO₂ EMF (g/kWh)

Source	g/kWh
Oil	279
Natural gas	202
Peat	382
Coal	341
Wood	0
Bio	0
Other	301

Mid Value of Heat production CO₂ EMF (CO₂-ekv g/kWh)

Source	2010	2015	2020	2025	2030	2035
Oil	279	279	279	279	279	279
Pellet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wood boiler	0	0	0	0	0	0
Local district, oil	279	279	279	279	279	279
Local district, wood	0	0	0	0	0	0
Electricity	160.4	155.3	150.2	147.1	144.1	144.1
Geothermal	160.4	155.3	150.2	147.1	144.1	144.1
Current district	271.3	269.5	267.7	256.8	246	246
Secondary wood	0	0	0	0	0	0
Air heat pump	160.4	155.3	150.2	147.1	144.1	144.1
Totals	1310	1293	1276	1256	1236	1236

Calculations

This code defines and stores the ovariable of this page (energytransformations).

+ Show code- Hide code library(OpasnetUtils) library(xtable) energytransformations<- Ovariable("energytransformations", ddata = "Op_en5472", getddata = FALSE, save = TRUE) cat("Ovariable energytransformations saved for later use. Page name: Op_en5472, code name: calculations\n") print(xtable(EvalOutput(energytransformations)@output), type = "html")

See also

Urgenche research project 2011 - 2014: city-level climate change mitigation

Urgenche pages Urgenche main page · Category:Urgenche · Urgenche project page (password-protected) Relevant data Building stock data in Urgenche‎ · Building regulations in Finland · Concentration-response to PM2.5 · Emission factors for burning processes · ERF of indoor dampness on respiratory health effects · ERF of several environmental pollutions · General criteria for land use · Indoor environment quality (IEQ) factors · Intake fractions of PM · Land use in Urgenche · Land use and boundary in Urgenche · Energy use of buildings Relevant methods Building model · Energy balance · Health impact assessment · Opasnet map · Help:Drawing graphs · OpasnetUtils‎ · Recommended R functions‎ · Using summary tables‎ City Kuopio Climate change policies and health in Kuopio (assessment) · Climate change policies in Kuopio (plausible city-level climate policies) · Health impacts of energy consumption in Kuopio · Building stock in Kuopio · Cost curves for energy (prioritization of options) · Energy balance in Kuopio (energy data) · Energy consumption and GHG emissions in Kuopio by sector · Energy consumption classes (categorisation) · Energy consumption of heating of buildings in Kuopio · Energy transformations (energy production and use processes) · Fuels used by Haapaniemi energy plant · Greenhouse gas emissions in Kuopio · Haapaniemi energy plant in Kuopio · Land use in Kuopio · Building data availability in Kuopio · Password-protected pages: File:Heat use in Kuopio.csv · Kuopio housing City Basel Buildings in Basel (password-protected) Energy balances Energy balance in Basel · Energy balance in Kuopio · Energy balance in Stuttgart · Energy balance in Suzhou

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