ERF of indoor dampness on respiratory health effects

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Exposure-response function of exposure to indoor dampness and/or mold or mold odor and respiratory health effects. The exposure-response function is expressed as ERF.

Question

What is the association between exposure to indoor dampness and mould in homes and respiratory health effects?

Answer

Exposure-response function

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library(OpasnetUtils) # A package with Opasnet functionalities
library(xtable)       # A package with table formats
library(ggplot2)      # A package with fancy graph formats

objects.latest("Op_en4716", "calculations") # Get the latest ovariables from code calculations on page Op_en4716.

ERF		<- EvalOutput(ERF, N = 100)

ERF@output <- data.frame(ERF@output, Pollutant = "Indoor.dampness") # This is needed because the Pollutant column is missing from the data table.

print(xtable(ERF@output[ERF@output$Iter == 1 , ], digits = 4), type = 'html')

ggplot(ERF@output[ERF@output$ERF.parameter == "OR" , ], # Show a 
	aes(x = Disease, y = ERFResult)) + # , fill = Response.metric)) +
	geom_boxplot() + 
	theme_grey(base_size = 24) +
	theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90, hjust = 1))

Rationale

Data

ERF of indoor dampness on respiratory health effects(OR per yes/no visible dampness and/or mold or mold odor)
Obs	Disease	Subjects	Exposure route	Exposure metric	Exposure unit	ERF parameter	Result	Description
1	Upper respiratory tract symptoms	All	Inhalation	visible dampness and/or mold or mold odor	yes/no	OR	1.70 (1.44-2.00)	No. studies: 13
2	Cough	All	Inhalation	visible dampness and/or mold or mold odor	yes/no	OR	1.67 (1.49-1.86)	No. studies: 18
3	Cough	Adults	Inhalation	visible dampness and/or mold or mold odor	yes/no	OR	1.52 (1.18-1.96)	No. studies: 6
4	Cough	Children	Inhalation	visible dampness and/or mold or mold odor	yes/no	OR	1.75 (1.56-1.96)	No. studies: 6
5	Wheeze	All	Inhalation	visible dampness and/or mold or mold odor	yes/no	OR	1.50 (1.38-1.64)	No. studies: 22
6	Wheeze	Adults	Inhalation	visible dampness and/or mold or mold odor	yes/no	OR	1.39 (1.04-1.85)	No. studies: 5
7	Wheeze	Children	Inhalation	visible dampness and/or mold or mold odor	yes/no	OR	1.53 (1.39-1.68)	No. studies: 17
8	Current asthma	All	Inhalation	visible dampness and/or mold or mold odor	yes/no	OR	1.56 (1.30-1.86)	No. studies: 10
9	Ever-diagnosed asthma	All	Inhalation	visible dampness and/or mold or mold odor	yes/no	OR	1.37 (1.23-1.53)	No. studies: 8
10	Ever-diagnosed asthma	Children	Inhalation	visible dampness and/or mold or mold odor	yes/no	OR	1.35 (1.20-1.51)	No. studies: -
11	Asthma development	All	Inhalation	visible dampness and/or mold or mold odor	yes/no	OR	1.34 (0.86-2.10)	No. studies: 4
12	Bronchitis	All	Inhalation	visible dampness and/or mold or mold odor	yes/no	OR	1.45 (1.32-1.59)	No. studies: -
13	Bronchitis	Children	Inhalation	visible dampness and/or mold or mold odor	yes/no	OR	1.38 (1.28-1.47)	No. studies: -
14	Respiratory infections	All	Inhalation	visible dampness and/or mold or mold odor	yes/no	OR	1.44 (1.31-1.59)	No. studies: -
15	Respiratory infections	Adults	Inhalation	visible dampness and/or mold or mold odor	yes/no	OR	1.49 (1.14-1.95)	No. studies: -
16	Respiratory infections	Children	Inhalation	visible dampness and/or mold or mold odor	yes/no	OR	1.48 (1.33-1.65)	No. studies: -
17	Sensitivity to inhaled antigens	Children	Inhalation	visible dampness and/or mold or mold odor	yes/no	OR	1.33 (1.23-1.44)	No. studies: -
18	Hay fever	Children	Inhalation	visible dampness and/or mold or mold odor	yes/no	OR	1.35 (1.18-1.53)	No. studies: -

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Page-specific entries (indices that have exactly one value each for the whole variable; usually mentioned in the title and/or in the scope.):

Pollutant: visible dampness and/or mold or mold odor
Threshold: 0
Exposure metric: yes/no
Exposure route: Inhalation

Unit

OR for yes vs. no visible dampness and/or mold or mold odor

Calculations

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library(OpasnetUtils)
library(xtable)

ERF <- Ovariable("ERF", ddata = "Op_en4716", getddata = FALSE, save = TRUE) 

cat("Ovariable ERF saved for later use. Page name: Op_en4716, code name: calculations\n")

print(xtable(EvalOutput(ERF, N = 1)@output), type = "html")

Keywords

Dampness and mould, ERF, Respiratory Disease, Asthma, Indoor Environment, Allergy

References

↑ W. J. Fisk, Q. Lei-Gomez, M. J. Mendell. Meta-analyses of the associations of respiratory health e?ects with dampness and mold in homes. Indoor Air 2007; 17: 284–296. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2007.00475.x
↑ Mendell et al. 2011. Respiratory and allergic health effects of dampness and mold, and dampness-related agents: a review of the epidemiological evidence. Environmental Health Perspectives 119(6), 748-756.

Related files

[1] W. J. Fisk, Q. Lei-Gomez, M. J. Mendell. Meta-analyses of the associations of respiratory health e?ects with dampness and mold in homes. Indoor Air 2007; 17: 284–296. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2007.00475.x

[2] Mendell et al. 2011. Respiratory and allergic health effects of dampness and mold, and dampness-related agents: a review of the epidemiological evidence. Environmental Health Perspectives 119(6), 748-756.

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