Emission factors for burning processes: Difference between revisions
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*Large fluidized bed (Peat) CO<sub>2</sub>-eq value from Väisänen, Sanni: Greenhouse gas emissions from peat and biomass-derived fuels, electricity and heat — Estimation of various production chains by using LCA methodology<ref name="SVäisänen">http://www.doria.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/94404/isbn9789522655578.pdf?sequence=2</ref> | *Large fluidized bed (Peat) CO<sub>2</sub>-eq value from Väisänen, Sanni: Greenhouse gas emissions from peat and biomass-derived fuels, electricity and heat — Estimation of various production chains by using LCA methodology<ref name="SVäisänen">http://www.doria.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/94404/isbn9789522655578.pdf?sequence=2</ref> | ||
*Other CO<sub>2</sub>-eq values from [http://www.tut.fi/ee/Materiaali/Ekorem/EKOREM_LP_ja_sahko_raportti_051128.pdf EKOREM]: Sähkölämmitys ja lämpöpumput sähkönkäyttäjinä ja päästöjen aiheuttajina Suomessa. | *Other CO<sub>2</sub>-eq values from [http://www.tut.fi/ee/Materiaali/Ekorem/EKOREM_LP_ja_sahko_raportti_051128.pdf EKOREM]: Sähkölämmitys ja lämpöpumput sähkönkäyttäjinä ja päästöjen aiheuttajina Suomessa. | ||
* Classes of | * Classes of climate emissions: | ||
*; CO2direct: Direct CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from the stack | *; CO2direct: Direct CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from the stack | ||
*; CO2trade: CO<sub>2</sub> emissions as they are defined in the emission trade. Non-trade sectors have emission 0. | *; CO2trade: CO<sub>2</sub> emissions as they are defined in the emission trade. Non-trade sectors have emission 0. |
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Buildings need to be heated in winter so Combined Heat and Power (CHP) plants are placed to cities close to humans. Emissions have health impacts locally and globally.
Question
What are the emission factors for burning processes in Finland? Emission factors are estimated in Finland and kettle/plant types used in Finland only.
Answer
⇤--#: . Rcode for getting the ovariable is missing. --Jouni 22:05, 26 February 2013 (EET) (type: truth; paradigms: science: attack)
Rationale
Inputs
- See discussions with the statements in the discussion page.D↷
Ovariable | Dependencies | Measure | Indices | Missing data |
---|---|---|---|---|
emissions (from the model) (emissions in mass per time): | energyUse (from Energy use of buildings or other relevant source) | |||
fuelShares (fairly generic knowledge from e.g. Energy balance in Kuopio ----#: . Currently this data is on page Emission factors for burning processes Table Fuel use in different heating types. However, this is clearly case-specific data and should be on a case-specific page. This should be done retrospectively to Kuopio and Basel as well. --Jouni (talk) 09:22, 24 May 2015 (UTC) (type: truth; paradigms: science: comment) | Tells how much of fuel is used for a certain neating energy need. | Required indices: Fuel_type. Typical indices: | ||
emissionFactors (generic information, but may be cultural differences. E.g. Emission factors for burning processes ## | emissions per unit of energy produced (g / J or similar unit) | Required indices: Exposure_agent. Typical indices: Emission_height. |
Calculations
Emission factors for heating
These data are used in Urgenche.
Obs | Type | Activity in Finland | PM2.5 emission factor | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Residential buildings | 34.2 (30.8-37.6) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 | |
2 | Primary wood-heated residential buildings | 20.2 (16.6-23.9) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 | |
3 | Manual feed boilers with accumulator tank | 5.42 (3.89-7.22) | 80.0 (37.6-150) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 |
4 | Manual feed boilers without accumulator tank | 2.67 (1.67-3.87) | 700 (329-1310) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 |
5 | Automatic feed wood chip boilers | 1.46 (1.01-2) | 50.0 (23.5-93.9) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 |
6 | Automatic feed pellet boilers | 0.102 (0.0693-0.142) | 30.0 (14.1-56.3) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 |
7 | Iron stoves | 0.142 (0.0976-0.196) | 700 (329-1310) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 |
8 | Other stoves and ovens | 10.2 (7.86-12.8) | 140 (65.8-263) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 |
9 | Low-emission stoves | 0 | 80 (37.6-150) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 |
10 | Open fireplaces | 0.163 (0.111-0.224) | 800 (376-1500) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 |
11 | Supplementary wood-heated residential buildings | 14.0 (10.7-17.4) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 | |
12 | Iron stoves | 0.212 (0.135-0.316) | 700 (329-1310) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 |
13 | Other stoves and ovens | 13.6 (10.4-16.9) | 140 (65.8-263) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 |
14 | Low-emission stoves | 0 | 80 (37.6-150) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 |
15 | Open fireplaces | 0.222 (0.14-0.332) | 800 (376-1500) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 |
16 | Recreational buildings | 5.00 (4.50-5.50) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 | |
17 | Iron stoves | 0.782 (0.372-1.37) | 700 (329-1310) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 |
18 | Other stoves and ovens | 3.96 (3.19-4.59) | 140 (65.8-263) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 |
19 | Open fireplaces | 0.262 (0.118-0.477) | 800 (376-1500) | Karvosenoja et al. 2008 |
Karvosenoja et al. 2008 [1]
Obs | Burner | Fuel | PM2.5 | CO2direct | CO2trade | CO2eq | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Household | Wood | 140 (65.8-263) | 74200 | 0 | 8333 | Other stoves and ovens. Karvosenoja et al. 2008 |
2 | Household | Biofuel | 140 (65.8-263) | 74200 | 0 | 8333 | Other stoves and ovens. Karvosenoja et al. 2008 |
3 | Household | Light oil | 0-10 | 74200-87222 | 74200 | 87222 | Light oil <5 MW Emission factors for burning processes. Light oil 267 kg /MWh |
4 | Household | Oil | 0-10 | 74200-87222 | 74200 | 87222 | Light oil <5 MW Emission factors for burning processes. Light oil 267 kg /MWh |
5 | Household | Other sources | 0-10 | 74200 | 74200 | 74200 | Same as oil. |
6 | Household | Coal | 0-10 | 74200-87222 | 74200 | 87222 | |
7 | Household | Geothermal | 0-10 | 74200-87222 | 74200 | 87222 | |
8 | Household | Gas | 0-3 | 55650 | 55650 | 55650 | For PM2.5: one third of that of oil. For CO2: 3/4 of that of oil. |
9 | Household | Fuel oil | 0-10 | 74200-87222 | 74200 | 87222 | Light oil <5 MW Emission factors for burning processes. Light oil 267 kg /MWh |
10 | Diesel engine | Fuel oil | 0-10 | 74200-87222 | 74200 | 87222 | Light oil <5 MW Emission factors for burning processes. Light oil 267 kg /MWh |
11 | Diesel engine | Light oil | 0-10 | 74200-87222 | 74200 | 87222 | |
12 | Diesel engine | Biofuel | 0-10 | 74200-87222 | 74200 | 87222 | |
13 | Large fluidized bed | Gas | 0-3 | 55650 | 55650 | 55650 | For PM2.5: one third of that of oil. For CO2: 3/4 of that of oil. |
14 | Large fluidized bed | Coal | 2-20 | 106000 | 106000 | 10600 | Same as peat. |
15 | Large fluidized bed | Wood | 2-20 | 74200 | 0 | 74200 | Leijupoltto 100-300 MW Emission factors for burning processes. Karvosenoja et al., 2008 |
16 | Large fluidized bed | Biofuel | 2-20 | 74200 | 0 | 74200 | Leijupoltto 100-300 MW Emission factors for burning processes. Karvosenoja et al., 2008 |
17 | Large fluidized bed | Waste | 2-20 | 74200 | 0 | -50000 | CO2trade same as wood. CO2eq is guesswork but it is negative because without burning it would produce methane in landfill |
18 | Large fluidized bed | Peat | 2-20 | 106000 | 106000 | 107500 | Leijupoltto 100-300 MW Emission factors for burning processes. Peat 382 kg /MWh |
19 | Large fluidized bed | Heavy oil | 8-22 | 91111-106000 | 106000 | 91111 | Leijupoltto 100-300 MW Emission factors for burning processes. Peat 382 kg /MWh |
20 | Large fluidized bed | Fuel oil | 8-22 | 91111-106000 | 106000 | 91111 | Leijupoltto 100-300 MW Emission factors for burning processes. Peat 382 kg /MWh |
21 | Grid | Electricity | 1-10 | 53000 | 212000 | 53000 | 50 % of large-scale burning (because of nuclear and hydro). Heavy oil 279 kg /MWh. Officially, electricity is not CHP but requires a double amount of coal to produce it. |
22 | None | Electricity | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | We might want to keep these locations in the model, but we assume that emissions are zero. |
23 | None | Heat | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | We might want to keep these locations in the model, but we assume that emissions are zero. |
24 | None | Cooling | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | We might want to keep these locations in the model, but we assume that emissions are zero. |
- Large fluidized bed (Peat) CO2-eq value from Väisänen, Sanni: Greenhouse gas emissions from peat and biomass-derived fuels, electricity and heat — Estimation of various production chains by using LCA methodology[2]
- Other CO2-eq values from EKOREM: Sähkölämmitys ja lämpöpumput sähkönkäyttäjinä ja päästöjen aiheuttajina Suomessa.
- Classes of climate emissions:
- CO2direct
- Direct CO2 emissions from the stack
- CO2trade
- CO2 emissions as they are defined in the emission trade. Non-trade sectors have emission 0.
- CO2eq
- CO2 emissions as equivalents (i.e. includes methane, N2O and other climate emissions based on life cycle impacts.
In Finland there are about 700 kettles that has under 5MW fuel power. Same amount is between 5 to 50 MW kettles and over 50 MW kettles there are 200 in Finland. One heating power plant can have several kettles. Many 5-50 MW power plants has also less than 5 MW kettle. [3]
Other data
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Table 1. Describing emission types in different kind of plants and kettles with different fuels and fuel power.
VTT 2005 [4] Emission factors vary greatly depending on kettle or plant type, fuel type and fuel power. Type of emission and possible PM separator also affect to EF number. Data been used in this page is from many different study and sources to get wide data base for EF caculations. Emission factors from Matti's conceptual model This data comes from File:UrgencheConceptualModel.xlsx. Table 2.
Table 3.
Table 4.
Table x This data comes from File:Energy supply in Europe.xls.
Table 5. This data comes from File:Energy supply in Europe.xls.
Table X This data comes from File:Energy supply in Europe.xls.
Table X This data comes from File:Energy supply in Europe.xls.
Table 6.
Table 7.
Table 8. Emission factors for small power plants in Finland.[5]
("Taulukoissa esitetyt ominaispäästökertoimet edustavat vaihteluväliä, joiden sisällä suurin osa yksittäisten laitosten arvoista on. Vaihteluvälit perustuvat käytettävissä olevien laitostietokantojen arvoihin (VAHTI-tiedot) ja pienten polttolaitosten päästömittaustuloksiin.") ⇤--#: . Using two languages is not suitable. --Sami Rissanen 11:37, 4 February 2013 (EET) (type: truth; paradigms: science: attack)
Emission factors for greenhousegases
Heljo & Laineen selvityksessä on päädytty seuraaviin kasvihuonekaasupäästökertoimiin (kgCO2/MWh) laskettuna rakennuksen bruttotasolla (rakennukseen hankittu energia)[4] Table 10.
NB BIO = biofuel, whose carbon dioxide emissions are not counted in the total emission amounts of Finland's greenhouse gases, nor are they taken into account in emissions trading. 1) CO2 factor of mixed fuels is an estimate taking into account only the share of fossil carbon. 2) Gasified waste (Product gas) is reported in the fuel categories of the source materials of gasification. Calorific values and emission coefficients describe the properties of fuel as fired, inclusive of moisture content (except for 313, where the measurement unit is tonnes of dry matter). Calorific value of natural gas has been specified in normal conditions (0 °C and 1.013 bar). Emission factors are updated when necessary. (* Revised values.
Emission factors for district heating is calculated in Motiva CO2 emission calculation introductions[8]. For district heating joint production emission factor is 220 kg CO2/MWh. In this view other GHGs (CH4 or N2O) are not taken account as CO2-ekv! Emission factors by fuel based on Motiva knowledge is in table 2. Table 12. Emission factors of CO2 by fuel[9].
Table 14. CO2 emission factors of energy use of buildings (kg CO2/MWh)
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Dependencies
- Plant/kettle type
- Power output
- Efficiency
Data that have another unit than mg/MJ should be changed.
e.g. t/TJ -> mg/MJ
See also
- USEPA emission factor information web site [5]
- Tissari et al 2009 [6]
- PUPO loppuraportti [7]
- Heljo et al. 2005 Rakennusten energiankulutus ja CO2-ekv päästöt Suomessa [8]
- Motiva 2004. Yksittäisen kohteen CO2-päästöjen laskentaohjeistus sekä käytettävät CO2-päästökertoimet [9]
- Palosuo T. 09 [10]
- Emission factors
References
- ↑ Karvosenoja et al. 2008 [1]
- ↑ http://www.doria.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/94404/isbn9789522655578.pdf?sequence=2
- ↑ http://www.ymparisto.fi/download.asp?contentid=3706
- ↑ http://www.vtt.fi/inf/pdf/tiedotteet/2005/T2300.pdf
- ↑ http://www.ymparisto.fi/download.asp?contentid=3706
- ↑ [2]
- ↑ http://tilastokeskus.fi/tup/khkinv/fi_nir_150110.pdf
- ↑ http://motiva.fi/files/209/Laskentaohje_CO2_kohde_040622.pdf
- ↑ http://motiva.fi/files/209/Laskentaohje_CO2_kohde_040622.pdf
- ↑ http://motiva.fi/files/209/Laskentaohje_CO2_kohde_040622.pdf
- ↑ http://www.uku.fi/fine/src/raportit/PUPOloppuraportti2007.pdf
- ↑ http://www.tut.fi/units/rak/rtt/tutkimus/ekorem/EKOREM_Loppuraportti_051214.pdf