Climate change policies in Basel

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Question

What are plausible policies to the city of Basel to mitigate and adapt to climate change?

Answer

Climate change policies in Basel: Difference between revisions(-)

Obs	Row	Policy	Target year	Comparison year	Sector	Target	Action	Description
1	1	Renewable energy			Waterworks	0.5	Increase in use of renewable energy sources	50% of the energy requirements for hot water must come from renewable sources in case of new buildings or renovations of heating systems.
2	2	Renewable energy			Waterworks	0	BAU	The use of renewable energy sources doesn't change.
3	3	Energy efficiency			Building		New buildings are made energy efficient	Insulations of new buildings follow the requirements of whole Switzerland and new buildings must have a sunblind and thermal insulation for summer season.
4	4	Energy efficiency			Building		BAU	The energy efficiency of new buildings is not improved.
5	5	Incentive levy				0.05	5% levy on electricity bills.	5% Levy on each electricity bill for support (royalty) of modernising insulation of buildings (energy efficiency), renewable energy and pilot & demonstration buildings.
6	6	Incentive levy				0	BAU	There is no extra money for developing energy production and need.
7	7	Steering tax			Taxation		BAU	Mid 1990s the steering tax was introduced to the same amount as energy-prices reduction to avoid people wasting electricity.
8	8	Solar power advancement			Energy procudtion		The increase of solar power in energy poduction.	Requires the regional energy supplier to accept an additional 2000 kWp of solar electricity annually at cost-covering prices and to feed this into its grid.
9	9	Solar power advancement			Energy procudtion		BAU	No more solar power is used in energy production.

Rationale

The strategy of Basel’s climate policy for GHG-reduction is predominantly an energy policy:

1.Use energy efficiently.

2.Advocate renewable energy.

3.Save energy. Sufficiency.

5 pillars of Basel-City’s energy policy

1. Conventional law

• Buildings:
  • Most stringent requirements in whole Switzerland regarding the insulation of new building (wall, roof, windows).
  • 50% of the energy requirements for hot water must come from renewable sources in case of new buildings or renovations of heating systems
  • New buildings must have a sunblind and thermal insulation for summer season
• Industry:
  • Large-scale electricity consumer in industry can be ask to do a safe-energy-analyse and do some ameliorations.
  • etc.

2. An incentive levy

• 5% Levy on each electricity bill for support (royalty) of:
  • Modernising insulation of buildings (energy efficiency)
  • Renewable energy
  • Pilot & Demonstration Buildings

3. A steering tax on electricity

• Mid 1990s the steering tax was introduced to the same amount as energy-prices reduction to avoid people wasting electricity
• The revenue is paid back; household-bonus & company-bonus

4.Advancement in solar power

• Requires the regional energy supplier to accept an additional 2000 kWp of solar electricity annually at cost-covering prices and to feed this into its grid.

5. 2000-Watt-Society and Partnerships

• A Project by the Canton of Basel-City and Novatlantis
• Main focus of the 2000-watt-society:
  • buildings
  • mobility
    • “Near Zero Emission Vehicle"
    • “Clean Engine Vehicle“
    • Hydrogen-Driven Municipal Vehicle (hy.muve); a oxygen road sweeping vehicle
    • 100 ecological biogas taxis
    • e-mobility
      • Testing e-mobility
      • event packet for companies
      • carefree packet for companies and administration
      • e-sharing for private persons
      • Development strategy for e-bikes
      • Energy-tours www.energy-tours.bs.ch
  • urban development
  • carbon neutral administration
    • Effect as a prototype (paradigm)
    • Minergy P-Standard (shell and technical facilities) for new construction-buildings
    • Minergy Standard (shell) for renovation-buildings

Air pollution control with influence on GHG-reduction

Most important political instrument:

• Clean air regulation of Switzerland
• Clean air plan of Basel-City and Country

Clean air plan of Basel-city and country

Expamples with influence on GHG-reduction in target traffic:

• Ecological motor vehicle tax
• Tightening commercial control over parking space
• Mobility management and agglomeration program (urban planning)
• Public intensive infrastructures are obligated to decrease their traffic intensity
• Regulations and limitations in prestressed air polluted city quarters

Infrastructure enhancing climate policy of Basel

• Waste incinerator
  • Integrated into the district heating. Function as a thermic power plant: 200,000 tons of waste supply our city with the power the equivalent of about 50,000 tons of oil.
  • Equipped with the most effective smoke exhaust filter systems
• Wood-fire power station
  • Integrated into the district heating. Function as a thermic power plant.
  • Substitutes about 11‘000 tons of oil
• Aquifere of the community Riehen*
  • A geothermal power station with deepgroundwater of 66 °C connected together with the block heat and power plant into the community heating of Riehen.
• Deep heat mining project
  • This project had to be stopped unfortunately because the drillings have caused an earthquake on 2006.
• Electricity by the IWB
  • Electricity in Basel is 100% renewable.
  • 99 % is hydraulic energy.
  • The rest is solar energy or wind power.
  • Basel is not allowed to consume nuclear power because due to law

Most important shifts of climate change which are expected in Switzerland till 2050

• In winter, fall and springtime temperature will increase around 2°C in summer around 3°C
• Decrease of Rainfall in summer of 20% and increase of 10% in winter
• Generally more heatwaves, dry periods, strong rainfalls and floods

The Canton Basel-Stadt is most affected by:

• Heat wave hot-spot-effects in the City (“heat-island”)
• Rising ground-water temperatures, which decreases the possibility to use ground-water only for cooling-process.
• Rising temperatures of the river Rhein during heat-waves, which results that industry is not possible to cool their production-process with Rhein water (fish kill).

See also

Urgenche research project 2011 - 2014: city-level climate change mitigation

Urgenche pages Urgenche main page · Category:Urgenche · Urgenche project page (password-protected) Relevant data Building stock data in Urgenche‎ · Building regulations in Finland · Concentration-response to PM2.5 · Emission factors for burning processes · ERF of indoor dampness on respiratory health effects · ERF of several environmental pollutions · General criteria for land use · Indoor environment quality (IEQ) factors · Intake fractions of PM · Land use in Urgenche · Land use and boundary in Urgenche · Energy use of buildings Relevant methods Building model · Energy balance · Health impact assessment · Opasnet map · Help:Drawing graphs · OpasnetUtils‎ · Recommended R functions‎ · Using summary tables‎ City Kuopio Climate change policies and health in Kuopio (assessment) · Climate change policies in Kuopio (plausible city-level climate policies) · Health impacts of energy consumption in Kuopio · Building stock in Kuopio · Cost curves for energy (prioritization of options) · Energy balance in Kuopio (energy data) · Energy consumption and GHG emissions in Kuopio by sector · Energy consumption classes (categorisation) · Energy consumption of heating of buildings in Kuopio · Energy transformations (energy production and use processes) · Fuels used by Haapaniemi energy plant · Greenhouse gas emissions in Kuopio · Haapaniemi energy plant in Kuopio · Land use in Kuopio · Building data availability in Kuopio · Password-protected pages: File:Heat use in Kuopio.csv · Kuopio housing City Basel Buildings in Basel (password-protected) Energy balances Energy balance in Basel · Energy balance in Kuopio · Energy balance in Stuttgart · Energy balance in Suzhou

Key words

The climate change, Politics, Basel, Urgenche