Emission factors for burning processes: Difference between revisions

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(→‎Emission factors for heating: Electricity_taxed added)
(→‎Calculations: account for taxed electricity in emissions)
Line 67: Line 67:
),
),
formula = function(...) {
formula = function(...) {
 
# Sum taxed an untaxed electricity
out <- fuelUse
out$Fuel[out$Fuel == "Electricity_taxed"] <- "Electricity"
out <- oapply(out, NULL, sum,  "")
# convert from mg to ton emitted.
# convert from mg to ton emitted.
out <- fuelUse * emissionFactors * 1E-9  
out <- out * emissionFactors * 1E-9  


if(!"City_area" %in% colnames(out@output)) {
if(!"City_area" %in% colnames(out@output)) {

Revision as of 12:47, 9 September 2015

Buildings need to be heated in winter so Combined Heat and Power (CHP) plants are placed to cities close to humans. Emissions have health impacts locally and globally.

Question

What are the emission factors for burning processes in Finland? Emission factors are estimated in Finland and kettle/plant types used in Finland only.

Answer

⇤--#: . Rcode for getting the ovariable is missing. --Jouni 22:05, 26 February 2013 (EET) (type: truth; paradigms: science: attack)

Rationale

Inputs

See discussions with the statements in the discussion page.D↷
Variables in the assessment model
Ovariable Dependencies Measure Indices Missing data
emissions (from the model) (emissions in mass per time): energyUse (from Energy use of buildings or other relevant source)
fuelShares (fairly generic knowledge from e.g. Energy balance in Kuopio ----#: . Currently this data is on page Emission factors for burning processes Table Fuel use in different heating types. However, this is clearly case-specific data and should be on a case-specific page. This should be done retrospectively to Kuopio and Basel as well. --Jouni (talk) 09:22, 24 May 2015 (UTC) (type: truth; paradigms: science: comment) Tells how much of fuel is used for a certain neating energy need. Required indices: Fuel_type. Typical indices:
emissionFactors (generic information, but may be cultural differences. E.g. Emission factors for burning processes ## emissions per unit of energy produced (g / J or similar unit) Required indices: Exposure_agent. Typical indices: Emission_height.

Calculations

+ Show code

Emission factors for heating

These data are used in Urgenche.

Emission factors for wood heating(PJ /a; mg /MJ)
ObsTypeActivity in FinlandPM2.5 emission factorDescription
1Residential buildings34.2 (30.8-37.6)Karvosenoja et al. 2008
2Primary wood-heated residential buildings20.2 (16.6-23.9)Karvosenoja et al. 2008
3Manual feed boilers with accumulator tank5.42 (3.89-7.22)80.0 (37.6-150)Karvosenoja et al. 2008
4Manual feed boilers without accumulator tank2.67 (1.67-3.87)700 (329-1310)Karvosenoja et al. 2008
5Automatic feed wood chip boilers1.46 (1.01-2)50.0 (23.5-93.9)Karvosenoja et al. 2008
6Automatic feed pellet boilers0.102 (0.0693-0.142)30.0 (14.1-56.3)Karvosenoja et al. 2008
7Iron stoves0.142 (0.0976-0.196)700 (329-1310)Karvosenoja et al. 2008
8Other stoves and ovens10.2 (7.86-12.8)140 (65.8-263)Karvosenoja et al. 2008
9Low-emission stoves080 (37.6-150)Karvosenoja et al. 2008
10Open fireplaces0.163 (0.111-0.224)800 (376-1500)Karvosenoja et al. 2008
11Supplementary wood-heated residential buildings14.0 (10.7-17.4)Karvosenoja et al. 2008
12Iron stoves0.212 (0.135-0.316)700 (329-1310)Karvosenoja et al. 2008
13Other stoves and ovens13.6 (10.4-16.9)140 (65.8-263)Karvosenoja et al. 2008
14Low-emission stoves080 (37.6-150)Karvosenoja et al. 2008
15Open fireplaces0.222 (0.14-0.332)800 (376-1500)Karvosenoja et al. 2008
16Recreational buildings5.00 (4.50-5.50)Karvosenoja et al. 2008
17Iron stoves0.782 (0.372-1.37)700 (329-1310)Karvosenoja et al. 2008
18Other stoves and ovens3.96 (3.19-4.59)140 (65.8-263)Karvosenoja et al. 2008
19Open fireplaces0.262 (0.118-0.477)800 (376-1500)Karvosenoja et al. 2008

Karvosenoja et al. 2008 [1]

Emission factors of energy production(mg /MJ)
ObsBurnerFuelPM2.5CO2directCO2tradeCO2eqDescription
1HouseholdWood140 (65.8-263)7420008333Other stoves and ovens. Karvosenoja et al. 2008
2HouseholdBiofuel140 (65.8-263)7420008333Other stoves and ovens. Karvosenoja et al. 2008
3HouseholdLight oil0-1074200-872227420087222Light oil <5 MW Emission factors for burning processes. Light oil 267 kg /MWh
4HouseholdOil0-1074200-872227420087222Light oil <5 MW Emission factors for burning processes. Light oil 267 kg /MWh
5HouseholdOther sources0-10742007420074200Same as oil.
6HouseholdCoal0-1074200-872227420087222
7HouseholdGeothermal0-1074200-872227420087222
8HouseholdGas0-3556505565055650For PM2.5: one third of that of oil. For CO2: 3/4 of that of oil.
9HouseholdFuel oil0-1074200-872227420087222Light oil <5 MW Emission factors for burning processes. Light oil 267 kg /MWh
10DomesticWood140 (65.8-263)7420008333Other stoves and ovens. Karvosenoja et al. 2008 Just repeat the previous rows to match different wording of burners.
11DomesticBiofuel140 (65.8-263)7420008333Other stoves and ovens. Karvosenoja et al. 2008
12DomesticLight oil0-1074200-872227420087222Light oil <5 MW Emission factors for burning processes. Light oil 267 kg /MWh
13DomesticOil0-1074200-872227420087222Light oil <5 MW Emission factors for burning processes. Light oil 267 kg /MWh
14DomesticOther sources0-10742007420074200Same as oil.
15DomesticCoal0-1074200-872227420087222
16DomesticGeothermal0-1074200-872227420087222
17DomesticGas0-3556505565055650For PM2.5: one third of that of oil. For CO2: 3/4 of that of oil.
18DomesticFuel oil0-1074200-872227420087222Light oil <5 MW Emission factors for burning processes. Light oil 267 kg /MWh
19Diesel engineFuel oil0-1074200-872227420087222Light oil <5 MW Emission factors for burning processes. Light oil 267 kg /MWh
20Diesel engineLight oil0-1074200-872227420087222
21Diesel engineBiofuel0-1074200-872227420087222
22Large fluidized bedGas0-3556505565055650For PM2.5: one third of that of oil. For CO2: 3/4 of that of oil.
23Large fluidized bedCoal2-2010600010600010600Same as peat.
24Large fluidized bedWood2-2074200074200Leijupoltto 100-300 MW Emission factors for burning processes. Karvosenoja et al., 2008
25Large fluidized bedBiofuel2-2074200074200Leijupoltto 100-300 MW Emission factors for burning processes. Karvosenoja et al., 2008
26Large fluidized bedWaste2-20742000-50000CO2trade same as wood. CO2eq is guesswork but it is negative because without burning it would produce methane in landfill
27Large fluidized bedPeat2-20106000106000107500Leijupoltto 100-300 MW Emission factors for burning processes. Peat 382 kg /MWh
28Large fluidized bedHeavy oil8-2291111-10600010600091111Leijupoltto 100-300 MW Emission factors for burning processes. Peat 382 kg /MWh
29Large fluidized bedFuel oil8-2291111-10600010600091111Leijupoltto 100-300 MW Emission factors for burning processes. Peat 382 kg /MWh
30GridElectricity1-10530002120005300050 % of large-scale burning (because of nuclear and hydro). Heavy oil 279 kg /MWh. Officially, electricity is not CHP but requires a double amount of coal to produce it.
31NoneElectricity_taxed1-10530002120005300050 % of large-scale burning (because of nuclear and hydro). Heavy oil 279 kg /MWh. Officially, electricity is not CHP but requires a double amount of coal to produce it. These emissions are assumed when power plants buy electricity from the grid.
32NoneElectricity0000We might want to keep these locations in the model, but we assume that emissions are zero.
33NoneHeat0000We might want to keep these locations in the model, but we assume that emissions are zero.
34NoneCooling0000We might want to keep these locations in the model, but we assume that emissions are zero.
⇤--#: . Why is geothermal in the table at all? --Heta (talk) 14:28, 31 August 2015 (UTC) (type: truth; paradigms: science: attack)
  • Large fluidized bed (Peat) CO2-eq value from Väisänen, Sanni: Greenhouse gas emissions from peat and biomass-derived fuels, electricity and heat — Estimation of various production chains by using LCA methodology[2]
  • Other CO2-eq values from EKOREM: Sähkölämmitys ja lämpöpumput sähkönkäyttäjinä ja päästöjen aiheuttajina Suomessa.
  • Classes of climate emissions:
    CO2direct
    Direct CO2 emissions from the stack
    CO2trade
    CO2 emissions as they are defined in the emission trade. Non-trade sectors have emission 0.
    CO2eq
    CO2 emissions as equivalents (i.e. includes methane, N2O and other climate emissions based on life cycle impacts.
----#: . We should clarify the classes of climate emissions. These are ambiguous. For example, should equivalents and life cycle emissions be separated? --Jouni (talk) 08:18, 11 July 2015 (UTC) (type: truth; paradigms: science: comment)

In Finland there are about 700 kettles that has under 5MW fuel power. Same amount is between 5 to 50 MW kettles and over 50 MW kettles there are 200 in Finland. One heating power plant can have several kettles. Many 5-50 MW power plants has also less than 5 MW kettle. [3]

+ Show code

Other data

Dependencies

  • Plant/kettle type
  • Power output
  • Efficiency

Data that have another unit than mg/MJ should be changed.

e.g. t/TJ -> mg/MJ

See also

  • SMALL-SCALE PELLET BOILER EMISSIONS – CHARACTERIZATION AND COMPARISON TO OTHER COMBUSTION UNITS

HEIKKI LAMBERG. REPORT SERIES IN AEROSOL SCIENCE N:o 156 (2014). [5]


⇤--#: . Links 7-10 (From Tissari to Motiva) say the page doesn't exist. --Heta (talk) 15:45, 31 August 2015 (UTC) (type: truth; paradigms: science: attack)

Urgenche research project 2011 - 2014: city-level climate change mitigation
Urgenche pages

Urgenche main page · Category:Urgenche · Urgenche project page (password-protected)

Relevant data
Building stock data in Urgenche‎ · Building regulations in Finland · Concentration-response to PM2.5 · Emission factors for burning processes · ERF of indoor dampness on respiratory health effects · ERF of several environmental pollutions · General criteria for land use · Indoor environment quality (IEQ) factors · Intake fractions of PM · Land use in Urgenche · Land use and boundary in Urgenche · Energy use of buildings

Relevant methods
Building model · Energy balance · Health impact assessment · Opasnet map · Help:Drawing graphs · OpasnetUtils‎ · Recommended R functions‎ · Using summary tables‎

City Kuopio
Climate change policies and health in Kuopio (assessment) · Climate change policies in Kuopio (plausible city-level climate policies) · Health impacts of energy consumption in Kuopio · Building stock in Kuopio · Cost curves for energy (prioritization of options) · Energy balance in Kuopio (energy data) · Energy consumption and GHG emissions in Kuopio by sector · Energy consumption classes (categorisation) · Energy consumption of heating of buildings in Kuopio · Energy transformations (energy production and use processes) · Fuels used by Haapaniemi energy plant · Greenhouse gas emissions in Kuopio · Haapaniemi energy plant in Kuopio · Land use in Kuopio · Building data availability in Kuopio · Password-protected pages: File:Heat use in Kuopio.csv · Kuopio housing

City Basel
Buildings in Basel (password-protected)

Energy balances
Energy balance in Basel · Energy balance in Kuopio · Energy balance in Stuttgart · Energy balance in Suzhou


References

Related files