Exposure to PM2.5 in Finland: Difference between revisions

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{{variable|moderator = Virpi Kollanus}}
{{method|moderator = Virpi Kollanus}}
 
[[Category: CLAIH]]
[[Category: CLAIH]]


==Question==
==Question==


What is the exposure to fine particles (PM2.5) in the Finnish population? Only outdoor sources are considered here. Exposures are calculated for defined locations (listed in a table in Rationale).
How to estimate exposure to fine particles (PM2.5) in the Finnish population? Only outdoor sources are considered here.
: {{comment|# |This could be implemented (as a method) for any locations in Finland, but the calculations are so slow that it is better to calculate actual answers for specified locations (as a variable) before applying it in a model.|--[[User:Jouni|Jouni]] ([[User talk:Jouni|talk]]) 16:58, 5 March 2014 (EET)}}


==Answer==
==Answer==


[http://en.opasnet.org/en-opwiki/index.php?title=Special:RTools&id=aXDIVDboftr1bTEd Example run]
Use source-receptor matrix (e.g. the so-called PILTTI matrix) to estimate exposure levels and population sizes around a given source point. Georeference and source strength must be given. The concentrations per unit emission around the source and population density across Finland are already known in the system.


== Rationale==
== Rationale==
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===Dispersion modelling===
===Dispersion modelling===


<rcode name='disperse'>
<rcode name='disperse' label='Initiate ovariables (for developers onlly)'>
library(OpasnetUtils)
library(OpasnetUtils)
library(OpasnetUtilsExt)
library(OpasnetUtilsExt)
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iF <- iF + iF.PM2.5 * 1E-6 # Scale iF.PM2.5 from ppm to fractions.
iF <- iF + iF.PM2.5 * 1E-6 # Scale iF.PM2.5 from ppm to fractions.


emissionLocations <- Ovariable("emissionLocations", # [[Exposure to PM2.5 in Finland]]
ddata = 'Op_en3435',
subset = 'Emission locations'
)
emissionLocations@data$emissionLocationsResult <- 1
colnames(emissionLocations@data) <- gsub("[ \\.]", "_", colnames(emissionLocations@data))
colnames(emissionLocations@data) <- gsub("[ \\.]", "_", colnames(emissionLocations@data))


objects.store(PILTTI.matrix, iF, emissionLocations)
objects.store(PILTTI.matrix, iF)
cat("Objects PILTTI.matrix, emissionLocations and iF saved.\n")
cat("Objects PILTTI.matrix, emissionLocations and iF saved.\n")
</rcode>
</rcode>
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===Data===
===Data===


==== Emission locations ====
;Based on [[Piltti source-receptor matrix]].


Where and how do the emissions of heating take place?
==== Emission and city area locations ====


<t2b name='Emission locations' index='Heating,Emission site,Emission height' obs='Dummy' unit='-'>
:''A previous table about emission locations in Kuopio was moved to [[Kuopio energy production]] and that about Kuopio city district was moved to [[Building stock in Kuopio]].
District|Haapaniemi|High|
Electricity|Haapaniemi|High|
Geothermal|Haapaniemi|High|
Oil|At site of consumption|Ground|
Wood|At site of consumption|Ground|
Gas|At site of consumption|Ground|
</t2b>


==== Intake fractions of PM ====
==== Intake fractions of PM ====


These data come from
:''A previous table by Humbert et al 2011 was moved to [[Intake fractions of PM]].
<ref>Sebastien Humbert, Julian D. Marshall, Shanna Shaked, Joseph V. Spadaro, Yurika Nishioka, Philipp Preiss, Thomas E. McKone, Arpad Horvath, and Olivier Jolliet. Intake Fraction for Particulate Matter: Recommendations for Life Cycle
Impact Assessment (2011). Environmental Science and Technology, 45, 4808-4816.</ref>
 
Pollutants:
* PM10-2.5: Primary PM10 - primary PM2.5
* PM2.5: Primary PM2.5
* SO2: Secondary PM2.5 derived from SO2 (in practice, SO_4)
* NOx: Secondary PM2.5 derived from NOx (in practice, NO_3)
* NH3: Secondary PM2.5 derived from NH3 (in practice, NH4)
 
<t2b name="Intake fractions of PM" index="Pollutant,Emission height,Area" locations="Urban,Rural,Remote,Average" desc="Description" unit="ppm">
PM10-2.5|High|8.8|0.7|0.04|5.0|
PM10-2.5|Low|13|1.1|0.04|7.5|
PM10-2.5|Ground|40|3.7|0.04|23|
PM10-2.5|Average|37|3.4|0.04|21|
PM2.5|High|11|1.6|0.1|6.8|
PM2.5|Low|15|2.0|0.1|6.8|
PM2.5|Ground|44|3.8|0.1|25|
PM2.5|Average|26|2.6|0.1|15|
SO2||0.99|0.79|0.05|0.89|
NOx||0.2|0.17|0.01|0.18|
NH3||1.7|1.7|0.1|1.7|
</t2b>
 
==== Kuopio city districts ====
 
The exposures are calculated for the points listed below. The coordinates were visually checked from http://www.karttapaikka.fi
 
<t2b name='Kuopio city districts' index="City area,Location" locations="N,E" desc="Notes" unit= "ETRS-TM35FIN">
Itkonniemi|6974469|536853|
Männistö|6974607|535746|
Linnanpelto|6975014|535490|
Itkonniemi-Männistö-Linnanpelto|6974697|536030|
Niirala|6973403|532903|
Puijonlaakso|6975016|532625|
Rahusenkangas|6976558|534851|
Rahusenkangas-Kuivinniemi|6976558|534851|
Haapaniemi|6972486|534457|
Levänen|6970609|532094|
Saaristokaupunki|6968569|534906|
Jynkkä|6969424|533150|
Kettulanlahti|6977547|534958|
Petonen|6967759|532822|
Neulamäki|6973454|530655|
Kelloniemi|6976486|535799|
Särkiniemi|6971873|532398|
Särkilahti|6971406|531919|
Särkiniemi-Särkilahti|6971640|532159|
Saarijärvi|6975883|535098|
City center|6973853|535023|
Inkilänmäki|6976028|534434|
Inkilänmäki-Peipposenrinne|6975755|534453|
Pitkälahti|6963542|531123|
Julkula|6977523|532059|
Peipposenrinne|6975481|534472|
Päiväranta|6978479|533542|
Länsi-Puijo|6976667|532399|
</t2b>


===Dependencies===
===Dependencies===
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==See also==
==See also==


* This data is used in [[Building stock in Kuopio]]
* Data on this page was used in [[Building stock in Kuopio]]
*[http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/airbase European Environment Agency (EEA) AirBase]


{{urgenche}}
{{urgenche}}


==References==
==References==


<references/>
<references/>

Latest revision as of 12:48, 12 June 2015

Question

How to estimate exposure to fine particles (PM2.5) in the Finnish population? Only outdoor sources are considered here.

Answer

Use source-receptor matrix (e.g. the so-called PILTTI matrix) to estimate exposure levels and population sizes around a given source point. Georeference and source strength must be given. The concentrations per unit emission around the source and population density across Finland are already known in the system.

Rationale

Dispersion modelling

+ Show code

Data

Based on Piltti source-receptor matrix.

Emission and city area locations

A previous table about emission locations in Kuopio was moved to Kuopio energy production and that about Kuopio city district was moved to Building stock in Kuopio.

Intake fractions of PM

A previous table by Humbert et al 2011 was moved to Intake fractions of PM.

Dependencies

See also

Urgenche research project 2011 - 2014: city-level climate change mitigation
Urgenche pages

Urgenche main page · Category:Urgenche · Urgenche project page (password-protected)

Relevant data
Building stock data in Urgenche‎ · Building regulations in Finland · Concentration-response to PM2.5 · Emission factors for burning processes · ERF of indoor dampness on respiratory health effects · ERF of several environmental pollutions · General criteria for land use · Indoor environment quality (IEQ) factors · Intake fractions of PM · Land use in Urgenche · Land use and boundary in Urgenche · Energy use of buildings

Relevant methods
Building model · Energy balance · Health impact assessment · Opasnet map · Help:Drawing graphs · OpasnetUtils‎ · Recommended R functions‎ · Using summary tables‎

City Kuopio
Climate change policies and health in Kuopio (assessment) · Climate change policies in Kuopio (plausible city-level climate policies) · Health impacts of energy consumption in Kuopio · Building stock in Kuopio · Cost curves for energy (prioritization of options) · Energy balance in Kuopio (energy data) · Energy consumption and GHG emissions in Kuopio by sector · Energy consumption classes (categorisation) · Energy consumption of heating of buildings in Kuopio · Energy transformations (energy production and use processes) · Fuels used by Haapaniemi energy plant · Greenhouse gas emissions in Kuopio · Haapaniemi energy plant in Kuopio · Land use in Kuopio · Building data availability in Kuopio · Password-protected pages: File:Heat use in Kuopio.csv · Kuopio housing

City Basel
Buildings in Basel (password-protected)

Energy balances
Energy balance in Basel · Energy balance in Kuopio · Energy balance in Stuttgart · Energy balance in Suzhou


References