Exposure to PM2.5 in Finland: Difference between revisions
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{{ | {{method|moderator = Virpi Kollanus}} | ||
[[Category: CLAIH]] | |||
==Question== | |||
How to estimate exposure to fine particles (PM2.5) in the Finnish population? Only outdoor sources are considered here. | |||
==Answer== | |||
Use source-receptor matrix (e.g. the so-called PILTTI matrix) to estimate exposure levels and population sizes around a given source point. Georeference and source strength must be given. The concentrations per unit emission around the source and population density across Finland are already known in the system. | |||
== Rationale== | |||
===Dispersion modelling=== | |||
<rcode name='disperse' label='Initiate ovariables (for developers onlly)'> | |||
library(OpasnetUtils) | |||
library(OpasnetUtilsExt) | |||
library(ggplot2) | |||
library(rgdal) | |||
library(maptools) | |||
library(RColorBrewer) | |||
library(classInt) | |||
library(RgoogleMaps) | |||
objects.latest("Op_en6007", code_name = "answer") # [[OpasnetUtils/Drafts]] | |||
# GIS points for emissions. | |||
[[ | districts <- tidy(opbase.data("Op_en3435.kuopio_city_districts"), widecol = "Location") # [[Exposure to PM2.5 in Finland]] | ||
districts <- Ovariable("districts", data = data.frame(districts, Result = 1)) | |||
cat("PM2.5 intake fractions are being calculated for these locations.\n") | |||
oprint(districts) | |||
dis <- ova2spat(EvalOutput(districts), coord = c("E", "N"), proj4string = "+init=epsg:3067") | |||
# Long-distance iF of PM2.5 for exposures beyond 10 km. | |||
= | objects.latest("Op_en5813", code_name="initiate") # Long-distance iF for PM2.5 [[Intake fractions of PM]] | ||
iF.PM2.5@data <- iF.PM2.5@data[iF.PM2.5@data$Subcategory == "Large power plants" , ] | |||
iF.PM2.5@data <- iF.PM2.5@data[!colnames(iF.PM2.5@data) %in% c("Obs", "Geographical area", "Year", "PM type", "Source category", "Subcategory")] | |||
# Calculate exposure concentration * population for a unit emission and all emission points. | |||
out <- Ovariable() | |||
for(i in 1:length(dis$City.area)) | |||
{ | |||
print(paste(i, "\n")) | |||
temp <- GIS.Exposure(GIS.Concentration.matrix( | |||
1, | |||
LA = coordinates(dis)[i, 2], | |||
LO = coordinates(dis)[i, 1], | |||
N = 1 | |||
)) | |||
out@output <- rbind(out@output, data.frame(City.area = dis$City.area[i], temp@output)) | |||
} | |||
== | out@output <- out@output[out@output$HAVAINTO == "VAESTO" , ] | ||
out@marginal <- !grepl("Result$", colnames(out@output)) | |||
out <- unkeep(out, cols = c("KUNTA", "ID_NRO", "XKOORD", "YKOORD", "HAVAINTO", "dx", "dy"), sources = TRUE) | |||
# Large matrix with detailed exposures in grids. | |||
PILTTI.matrix <- out | |||
# This produces an intake fraction if you give PM2.5 emissions as ton /a. GIS.Concentration.matrix takes ton /a and gives ug /m3. | |||
# iF = intake (g /s) per emission (g /s) = concentration (ug /m3) * population (#) * breathing rate (m3 /s) / emission (g /s). | |||
=== | iF <- oapply(out, cols = c("LAbin", "LObin"), FUN = "sum", na.rm = TRUE) | ||
iF <- iF * 20 / (24 * 3600) * 1E-6 # Divide by breathing rate 20 m3 /d and scale from ug to g to get intake fraction. | |||
iF@output <- data.frame(Emissionheight = "Low", iF@output) | |||
iF@output <- orbind(iF, data.frame(Emissionheight = "High", Result = 0)) | |||
iF@marginal <- c(TRUE, iF@marginal) | |||
iF@output <- fillna(iF@output, marginals = colnames(iF@output)[iF@marginal]) | |||
iF <- iF + iF.PM2.5 * 1E-6 # Scale iF.PM2.5 from ppm to fractions. | |||
colnames(emissionLocations@data) <- gsub("[ \\.]", "_", colnames(emissionLocations@data)) | |||
objects.store(PILTTI.matrix, iF) | |||
cat("Objects PILTTI.matrix, emissionLocations and iF saved.\n") | |||
</rcode> | |||
===Data=== | |||
;Based on [[Piltti source-receptor matrix]]. | |||
=== | ==== Emission and city area locations ==== | ||
:''A previous table about emission locations in Kuopio was moved to [[Kuopio energy production]] and that about Kuopio city district was moved to [[Building stock in Kuopio]]. | |||
==== Intake fractions of PM ==== | |||
:''A previous table by Humbert et al 2011 was moved to [[Intake fractions of PM]]. | |||
===Dependencies=== | |||
* [[OpasnetUtils/Drafts]] | |||
* [[Intake fractions of PM]] | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* Data on this page was used in [[Building stock in Kuopio]] | |||
*[http://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/air/airbase European Environment Agency (EEA) AirBase] | |||
{{urgenche}} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> |
Latest revision as of 12:48, 12 June 2015
Moderator:Virpi Kollanus (see all) |
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Question
How to estimate exposure to fine particles (PM2.5) in the Finnish population? Only outdoor sources are considered here.
Answer
Use source-receptor matrix (e.g. the so-called PILTTI matrix) to estimate exposure levels and population sizes around a given source point. Georeference and source strength must be given. The concentrations per unit emission around the source and population density across Finland are already known in the system.
Rationale
Dispersion modelling
Data
- Based on Piltti source-receptor matrix.
Emission and city area locations
- A previous table about emission locations in Kuopio was moved to Kuopio energy production and that about Kuopio city district was moved to Building stock in Kuopio.
Intake fractions of PM
- A previous table by Humbert et al 2011 was moved to Intake fractions of PM.
Dependencies
See also
- Data on this page was used in Building stock in Kuopio
- European Environment Agency (EEA) AirBase