Energy balance in Kuopio: Difference between revisions

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[[Category:Energy]]
[[Category:Energy]]
[[Category:Energy balance]]
[[Category:Energy balance]]
[[Category:Contains R code]]
{{variable|moderator=Jouni|stub=Yes}}
{{variable|moderator=Jouni|stub=Yes}}
The page gives information on the energy balance in Kuopio, taking into account energy input from a all sources and how these energy are used by society (domestic, industrial et.c) There is an adequate breakdown of information on energy production, distribution and consumption, however some of the information e.g the data page are not very easy to interpret.
== Question ==
== Question ==


What are the amounts of energy produced, consumed, imported, and exported in Kuopio?{{defend|# |The question is clear and specific|--[[User:Adedayo|Adedayo]] 10:39, 24 January 2013 (EET)}}
What are the amounts of energy produced, consumed, imported, and exported in Kuopio?


== Answer ==
== Answer ==


* [http://en.opasnet.org/en-opwiki/index.php/Special:R-tools?id=h0edBOVWPambNzoK A model run with default values]{{attack|# |Though there are tables indicating answer, there are no graphs showing them and the table codes could not be edited for graph inputs.|--[[User:Adedayo|Adedayo]] 10:42, 24 January 2013 (EET)}}
* {{#l:Energy balance in Kuopio.pdf}} [http://en.opasnet.org/en-opwiki/index.php?title=Special:RTools&id=O0aDNZwirVaYw8BF Model run 17.5.2015] (based on 2013 model)
 
<rcode name="answer" graphics=1>
 
### This code was run from page [[Energy balance in Kuopio#Answer]]


==Rationale==
library(OpasnetUtils)
library(ggplot2)
 
N <- 10
 
objects.latest("Op_en5141", code_name = "initiate")
 
balance <- Ovariable("balance", ddata = "Op_en5469.equations")
 
balance@data$Policy[balance@data$Policy == ""] <- NA # Prepare indices for fillna. This should be part of fillna.
balance@data$CHPcapacity[balance@data$CHPcapacity == ""] <- NA
balance@data <- fillna(balance@data, marginals = 1:2) # Fill empty slots in indices.
 
nonlinearity <- Ovariable("nonlinearity", ddata = "Op_en5469", subset = "Nonlinearity parameters")


Numbers are based on [[:op_fi:Energiatase/Kuopio]].
directinput <- Ovariable("directinput", ddata = "Op_en5141", subset = "No modelled upstream variables")


There are several [[energy transformations]] that each describe a specific process of energy production or use. Per unit activity, there is a constant amount of different inputs and outputs into and from this process, respectively. These unit processes are used for Kuopio in such a way that one critical input or output from each relevant energy transformation is listed here; all other inputs and outputs logically follow from the nature of the transformation process.
energy.balance <- EvalOutput(energy.balance)


===Data===
oprint(summary(energy.balance))


<t2b index="Equation,Col,Observation" locations="Result,Description" unit="-">
ggplot(energy.balance@output, aes_string(x = "energybalanceVars", y = "energy.balanceResult", fill = "Policy")) +  
Balance CHP Plants|CHP peat|-1|In energy balance, inputs and outputs cancel out
geom_boxplot() +
Balance CHP Plants|CHP renewable|-1|
theme_grey(base_size = 24) +  
Balance CHP Plants|CHP oil|-1|
theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90, hjust = 1))
Balance CHP Plants|CHP heat|1|
Balance CHP Plants|CHP electricity|1|
Balance CHP Plants|CHP loss|1|
Fraction CHP renewable|CHP renewable|-1|Renewable amount divided by peat. BAU: 78.1/1435.7 = 0.0544 Actual number given by user.
Fraction CHP oil|CHP peat|-1|Sum of other fuels is used as comparison for oil
Fraction CHP oil|CHP renewable|-1|
Fraction CHP oil|CHP oil|7.607|(1435.7+78.1)/199 Others divided by oil
Fraction CHP heat|CHP electricity|-1|Sum of other outputs is used as comparison for heat
Fraction CHP heat|CHP loss|-1|
Fraction CHP heat|CHP heat|0.689|(428.6+244.6)/977.7 Others divided by heat
Fraction CHP electricity|CHP heat|-1|Sum of other outputs is used as comparison for electricity
Fraction CHP electricity|CHP loss|-1|
Fraction CHP electricity|CHP electricity|2.852|(977.7+244.6)/428.6 Others divided by electricity
Balance H Plants|H biogas|-1|In energy balance, inputs and outputs cancel out.
Balance H Plants|H oil|-1|
Balance H Plants|H heat|1|
Balance H Plants|H loss|1|
Fraction H biogas|H oil|-1|Amount of oil is used as comparison for biogas
Fraction H biogas|H biogas|18.973|70.2/3.7 Oil divided by biogas
Fraction H loss|H heat|-1|Amount of heat is used as comparison for loss.
Fraction H loss|H loss|14.082|69/4.9 Heat per loss
Balance Industrial Plants|Ind peat|-1|In energy balance, inputs and outputs cancel out.
Balance Industrial Plants|Ind oil|-1|
Balance Industrial Plants|Ind renewable|-1|
Balance Industrial Plants|Ind electricity|1|
Balance Industrial Plants|Ind process heat|1|
Balance Industrial Plants|Ind loss|1|
Fraction Industrial peat|Ind oil|-1|Sum of other fuels is used as comparison for peat.
Fraction Industrial peat|Ind renewable|-1|
Fraction Industrial peat|Ind peat|2.014|(82.4+527.8)/303 Others divided by peat.
Fraction Industrial oil|Ind peat|-1|
Fraction Industrial oil|Ind renewable|-1|
Fraction Industrial oil|Ind oil|10.083|(303+527.8)/82.4 Others divided by oil.
Fraction Industrial electricity|Ind process heat|-1|Sum of other fuels is used as comparison for electricity
Fraction Industrial electricity|Ind loss|-1|Heat loss = 104 = 303+82.4+527.8-123.8-685.4
Fraction Industrial electricity|Ind electricity|6.376|(685.4+104)/123.8
Fraction Industrial process heat|Ind electricity|-1|Sum of other fuels is used as comparison for process heat.
Fraction Industrial process heat|Ind loss|-1|
Fraction Industrial process heat|Ind process heat|0.332|(123.8+104)/685.4 Sum of other products divided by process heat.
Fraction heat producers|H heat|-1|CHP heat production is used as reference
Fraction heat producers|CHP heat|0.08|This number is based on guesswork.
Transmission loss electricity|Loss electricity|1|Known loss divided by production
Transmission loss electricity|CHP electricity|-0.0858|47.4/(428.6+123.8)
Transmission loss electricity|Ind electricity|-0.0858|
Transmission loss heat|Loss heat|1|Known loss divided by production
Transmission loss heat|CHP heat|-0.0855|89.5/(977.7+69)
Transmission loss heat|Ind process heat|-0.0855|
Electricity use balance|Bought electricity|-1|In energy balance, inputs and outputs cancel out.
Electricity use balance|CHP electricity|-1|
Electricity use balance|Ind electricity|-1|
Electricity use balance|Loss electricity|1|
Electricity use balance|Cons Home electricity|1|
Electricity use balance|Cons Ind electricity|1|
Electricity use balance|Cons Commerce electricity|1|
Electricity use balance|Cons Municip electricity|1|
Heat use balance|CHP heat|-1|In energy balance, inputs and outputs cancel out.
Heat use balance|H heat|-1|
Heat use balance|Loss heat|1|
Heat use balance|Cons Home heat|1|
Heat use balance|Cons Ind heat|1|
Heat use balance|Cons Commerce heat|1|
Heat use balance|Cons Municip heat|1|
Consumed industrial process heat|Ind process heat|1|This must be given.
Consumed electricity home|Cons Home electricity|1|This must be given.
Consumed electricity industry|Cons Ind electricity|1|This must be given.
Consumed electricity commerce|Cons Commerce electricity|1|This must be given.
Consumed electricity municipality|Cons Municip electricity|1|This must be given.
Consumed heat home|Cons Home heat|1|This must be given.
Consumed heat industry|Cons Ind heat|1|This must be given.
Consumed heat commerce|Cons Commerce heat|1|This must be given.
Consumed heat municipality|Cons Municip heat|1|This must be given.
</t2b>


A data table on an Opasnet page is used to enter the matrix data. This is rather user friendly. As a side effect, the table does not look like a matrix so it might be confusing in the beginning. The matrix is created by using the "Equation" as information about the row of the matrix and "Col" as information about the column of the matrix. "Result" is the actual value, and Description is anything useful for a reader (it is not used in calculations).
</rcode>


=== Dependencies ===
==Rationale==


=== Formula ===
Numbers are based on [[:op_fi:Energiatase/Kuopio]].


Default run key: QZNNQL9ClAHO3COB
There are several [[energy transformations]] that each describe a specific process of energy production or use. Per unit activity, there is a constant amount of different inputs and outputs into and from this process, respectively. These unit processes are used for Kuopio in such a way that one critical input or output from each relevant energy transformation is listed here; all other inputs and outputs logically follow from the nature of the transformation process.


<rcode variables="
===Data===
name:Frac_CHP_renew|description:Amount of renewable fuels compared with peat (may be over 1)|default:0.0544|
name:Ind_process_heat|description:Consumption of process heat produced by industry itself|default:685.4|
name:Cons_Home_electricity|description:Consumption of electricity by households|default:296|
name:Cons_Ind_electricity|description:Consumption of electricity by industry|default:204|
name:Cons_Commerce_electricity|description:Consumption of electricity by commerce|default:334|
name:Cons_Municip_electricity|description:Consumption of electricity by municipality|default:50.3|
name:Cons_Home_heat|description:Consumption of district heat by households|default:303|
name:Cons_Ind_heat|description:Consumption of district heat by industry|default:57.1|
name:Cons_Commerce_heat|description:Consumption of district heat by commerce|default:224|
name:Cons_Municip_heat|description:Consumption of district heat by municipality|default:386
">
library(OpasnetUtils)
library(xtable)


# These three are city-specific: Matrix_page, Additions, Solutions.
<t2b name="Equations" index="CHPcapacity,Policy,Equation" obs="Dummy" desc="Description" unit="GWh /a">
|Biofuel|CHP renewable = CHP peat|1|Biofuel policy contains half biofuels, half peat
|BAU|CHP renewable = 89.24|1|
||CHP peat + CHP renewable + CHP oil = CHP heat + CHP electricity + CHP loss |1|
||CHP peat = 90-98*CHP oil|1|
CHP<1000||CHP electricity + CHP loss = 0.689*CHP heat|1|
CHP<1000||CHP heat + CHP loss = 2.852*CHP electricity|1|
CHP>1000||CHP loss = 0.2542*CHP heat|1|
CHP>1000||CHP heat + CHP electricity + CHP loss = 1000|1|Maximum production of 1000 added to the CHP plant to see non-linearities
||H biogas + H oil = H heat + H loss|1|
||H oil = 18.973*H biogas|1|
||H heat = 14.082*H loss|1|
||Ind peat + Ind oil + Ind renewable = Ind electricity + Ind process heat + Ind loss|1|
||Ind oil + Ind renewable = 2.014*Ind peat|1|
||Ind peat + Ind renewable = 10.083*Ind oil|1|
||Ind process heat + Ind loss = 6.376*Ind electricity|1|
||Ind electricity + Ind loss = 0.332*Ind process heat|1|
CHP<1000||H heat = 0.08*CHP heat|1|Small heat plants reflect the total heat need
CHP>1000||CHP electricity = 0.4407*CHP heat|1|But if CHP capacity is overwhelmed, H heat and CHP heat are decoupled and another relation is described
||Loss electricity = 0.0858*CHP electricity + 0.0858*Ind electricity|1|
||Loss heat = 0.0855*CHP heat + 0.0855*Ind process heat|1|
||Bought electricity + CHP electricity + Ind electricity = Loss electricity + Cons Home electricity + Cons Ind electricity + Cons Commerce electricity + Cons Municip electricity|1|
||CHP heat + H heat = Loss heat + Cons Home heat + Cons Ind heat + Cons Commerce heat + Cons Municip heat|1|
||Ind process heat = 400-685.4|1|
||Cons Home electricity = 296-400|1|
||Cons Ind electricity = 204|1|
||Cons Commerce electricity = 334-350|1|
||Cons Municip electricity = 50.3|1|
||Cons Home heat = 250-303|1|
||Cons Ind heat = 57.1|1|
||Cons Commerce heat = 224|1|
||Cons Municip heat = 386|1|
||Heat need = CHP heat + H heat|1|
</t2b>


Matrix_page <- "Op_en5469" # This is the page with the matrix content.
; Example table to describe the details about nonlinear equations.


Additions <- data.frame( # These are additional contents to the matrix, in addition to Matrix_page.
<t2b name="Nonlinearity parameters" index="critVar,critIndex,rescol,critLocLow,critLocHigh" obs="critValue" unit="GWh /a">
Equation = "Fraction CHP renewable",
Heat need|CHPcapacity|Result|CHP<1000|CHP>1000|10000
Col = "CHP peat",
</t2b>
ETMResult = Frac_CHP_renew,
ETMDescription = "Actual number given by user."
)


Solutions <- c(rep(0, 18), # These are the solutions (right sides) of the equations.
Ind_process_heat,
Cons_Home_electricity,
Cons_Ind_electricity,
Cons_Commerce_electricity,
Cons_Municip_electricity,
Cons_Home_heat,
Cons_Ind_heat,
Cons_Commerce_heat,
Cons_Municip_heat
)


Fetch2(data.frame(Name = "energy.balance", Key = "qffJP3u5RpFw1GuL"))
{| {{prettytable}}
|+ Comparison of electricity use (total and household consumption)
|| ||Suzhou|| Kuopio|| Stuttgart
|----
|| GW (country)|| 414|| 9.68|| 62.7|| Source: Wolframalpha
|----
|| persons in country|| 1000000000|| 5000000|| 80000000||
|----
|| W/person|| 414|| 1936|| 783.75||
|----
|| GWh/year (city)|| 625|| 296|| 1077|| Source: Energy balance page of the city
|----
|| MW|| 71.35|| 33.79|| 122.95||
|----
|| persons|| 2380000|| 100000|| 600000
|----
|| W/person|| 29.98|| 337.9|| 204.91
|----
|}


energy.balance <- EvalOutput(energy.balance, N = 10)
=== Dependencies ===


print(xtable(energy.balance@output), type = 'html')
* [[Energy balance]]


objects.put(energy.balance, Matrix_page, Additions, Solutions)
=== Calculations ===


cat("Object energy.balance (Kuopio) saved with output. Also objects Matrix_page, Additions and Solutions saved.  
* See [[Energy balance]].
Write down the key of the model run page for further use.\n")
* [http://en.opasnet.org/en-opwiki/index.php?title=Energy_balance_in_Kuopio&oldid=30540 Model version] used for ISEE2013 poster. [http://en.opasnet.org/en-opwiki/index.php/Special:R-tools?id=ANmVxOvUqkFVur1I Model run]
</rcode>
* [http://en.opasnet.org/en-opwiki/index.php?title=Energy_balance_in_Kuopio&oldid=30316 Old code] with energy balance table with columns Equation, Col, Result, Description. [http://en.opasnet.org/en-opwiki/index.php/Special:R-tools?id=JpH6dFcnCXbynTRz A sample model run].


See [[Energy balance]].
==Endpoints==


==See also==
==See also==


* [http://www.nollaenergia.fi/kuopiontaloseuranta.php Zero energy building in Kuopio: Online surveillance]
* For calculations based on these data, see [[Energy balance]].
* For calculations based on these data, see [[Energy balance]].
* About [http://www.jstatsoft.org/v32/i04/paper large systems of non-linear equations: BB package in R]
* About [http://www.jstatsoft.org/v32/i04/paper large systems of non-linear equations: BB package in R]

Latest revision as of 05:31, 17 May 2015



The page gives information on the energy balance in Kuopio, taking into account energy input from a all sources and how these energy are used by society (domestic, industrial et.c) There is an adequate breakdown of information on energy production, distribution and consumption, however some of the information e.g the data page are not very easy to interpret.

Question

What are the amounts of energy produced, consumed, imported, and exported in Kuopio?

Answer

+ Show code

Rationale

Numbers are based on op_fi:Energiatase/Kuopio.

There are several energy transformations that each describe a specific process of energy production or use. Per unit activity, there is a constant amount of different inputs and outputs into and from this process, respectively. These unit processes are used for Kuopio in such a way that one critical input or output from each relevant energy transformation is listed here; all other inputs and outputs logically follow from the nature of the transformation process.

Data

Equations(GWh /a)
ObsCHPcapacityPolicyEquationDummyDescription
1BiofuelCHP renewable = CHP peat1Biofuel policy contains half biofuels, half peat
2BAUCHP renewable = 89.241
3CHP peat + CHP renewable + CHP oil = CHP heat + CHP electricity + CHP loss 1
4CHP peat = 90-98*CHP oil1
5CHP<1000CHP electricity + CHP loss = 0.689*CHP heat1
6CHP<1000CHP heat + CHP loss = 2.852*CHP electricity1
7CHP>1000CHP loss = 0.2542*CHP heat1
8CHP>1000CHP heat + CHP electricity + CHP loss = 10001Maximum production of 1000 added to the CHP plant to see non-linearities
9H biogas + H oil = H heat + H loss1
10H oil = 18.973*H biogas1
11H heat = 14.082*H loss1
12Ind peat + Ind oil + Ind renewable = Ind electricity + Ind process heat + Ind loss1
13Ind oil + Ind renewable = 2.014*Ind peat1
14Ind peat + Ind renewable = 10.083*Ind oil1
15Ind process heat + Ind loss = 6.376*Ind electricity1
16Ind electricity + Ind loss = 0.332*Ind process heat1
17CHP<1000H heat = 0.08*CHP heat1Small heat plants reflect the total heat need
18CHP>1000CHP electricity = 0.4407*CHP heat1But if CHP capacity is overwhelmed, H heat and CHP heat are decoupled and another relation is described
19Loss electricity = 0.0858*CHP electricity + 0.0858*Ind electricity1
20Loss heat = 0.0855*CHP heat + 0.0855*Ind process heat1
21Bought electricity + CHP electricity + Ind electricity = Loss electricity + Cons Home electricity + Cons Ind electricity + Cons Commerce electricity + Cons Municip electricity1
22CHP heat + H heat = Loss heat + Cons Home heat + Cons Ind heat + Cons Commerce heat + Cons Municip heat1
23Ind process heat = 400-685.41
24Cons Home electricity = 296-4001
25Cons Ind electricity = 2041
26Cons Commerce electricity = 334-3501
27Cons Municip electricity = 50.31
28Cons Home heat = 250-3031
29Cons Ind heat = 57.11
30Cons Commerce heat = 2241
31Cons Municip heat = 3861
32Heat need = CHP heat + H heat1
Example table to describe the details about nonlinear equations.
Nonlinearity parameters(GWh /a)
ObscritVarcritIndexrescolcritLocLowcritLocHighcritValue
1Heat needCHPcapacityResultCHP<1000CHP>100010000


Comparison of electricity use (total and household consumption)
Suzhou Kuopio Stuttgart
GW (country) 414 9.68 62.7 Source: Wolframalpha
persons in country 1000000000 5000000 80000000
W/person 414 1936 783.75
GWh/year (city) 625 296 1077 Source: Energy balance page of the city
MW 71.35 33.79 122.95
persons 2380000 100000 600000
W/person 29.98 337.9 204.91

Dependencies

Calculations

Endpoints

See also

Urgenche research project 2011 - 2014: city-level climate change mitigation
Urgenche pages

Urgenche main page · Category:Urgenche · Urgenche project page (password-protected)

Relevant data
Building stock data in Urgenche‎ · Building regulations in Finland · Concentration-response to PM2.5 · Emission factors for burning processes · ERF of indoor dampness on respiratory health effects · ERF of several environmental pollutions · General criteria for land use · Indoor environment quality (IEQ) factors · Intake fractions of PM · Land use in Urgenche · Land use and boundary in Urgenche · Energy use of buildings

Relevant methods
Building model · Energy balance · Health impact assessment · Opasnet map · Help:Drawing graphs · OpasnetUtils‎ · Recommended R functions‎ · Using summary tables‎

City Kuopio
 Climate change policies and health in Kuopio (assessment) · Climate change policies in Kuopio (plausible city-level climate policies) · Health impacts of energy consumption in Kuopio · Building stock in Kuopio · Cost curves for energy (prioritization of options) · Energy balance in Kuopio (energy data) · Energy consumption and GHG emissions in Kuopio by sector · Energy consumption classes (categorisation) · Energy consumption of heating of buildings in Kuopio · Energy transformations (energy production and use processes) · Fuels used by Haapaniemi energy plant · Greenhouse gas emissions in Kuopio · Haapaniemi energy plant in Kuopio · Land use in Kuopio · Building data availability in Kuopio · Password-protected pages: File:Heat use in Kuopio.csv · Kuopio housing

City Basel
 Buildings in Basel (password-protected)

Energy balances
Energy balance in Basel · Energy balance in Kuopio · Energy balance in Stuttgart · Energy balance in Suzhou


Keywords

References


Related files

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