Greenhouse gas emissions in Kuopio: Difference between revisions

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[[Category:Climate change]]
[[Category:Climate change]]
[[Category:Code under inspection]]
{{variable|moderator=Marjo|stub=Yes}}
{{variable|moderator=Marjo|stub=Yes}}


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==Answer==
==Answer==
<rcode include="page:Opasnet_(R_function)|name:answer|
page:Greenhouse_gas_emissions_in_Kuopio|name:formula"
graphics="1"
>
emissions <- make.ovariable(data = fetch("Op_en5483"), dependencies = dependencies.Op_en5483, formula = formula.Op_en5483, name = "emissions")
print(emissions)
plot(emissions)
</rcode>


For calculating the emissions of district heating of buildings, following is needed:
For calculating the emissions of district heating of buildings, following is needed:
*'''Heat consumption''' of buildings in Kuopio (page ..). Alternatively, '''heat production''' by Haapaniemi energy plant [[Haapaniemi energy plant in Kuopio]]
*'''Heat consumption''' of buildings in Kuopio ([[Energy consumption of heating of buildings in Kuopio]]). Alternatively, '''heat production''' by Haapaniemi energy plant ([[Haapaniemi energy plant in Kuopio]])
*Fractions of fuels used by Haapaniemi energy plant ([[Fuels used by Haapaniemi energy plant]])
*Fractions of fuels used by Haapaniemi energy plant ([[Fuels used by Haapaniemi energy plant]])
*Emission factors for CO2 and PM ([[Emission factors for burning processes]])
*Emission factors for CO2 and PM ([[Emission factors for burning processes]])
*Scenario for heat consumption of buildings and fractions of fuels used by Haapaniemi in 2020 ([[Climate change policies in Kuopio]])
*Scenario for heat consumption of buildings and fractions of fuels used by Haapaniemi in 2020 ([[Climate change policies in Kuopio]])
{{attack|# |The answer only considers emissions from buildings and the power-plant, other emissions from the agriculture and traffic are not represented in the answer|--[[User:Adedayo|Adedayo]] 15:22, 24 January 2013 (EET)}}
{{comment|# |The comment is good but try to specific and clear,for example what does traffic emession represent,air ,water, road or all, besides ,to what extent are agricultural and building emission related to the GHG emession|--[[User:Sam0911|Sam0911]] 11:53, 17 February 2013 (EET)}}
<rcode graphics="1">
library(OpasnetUtils) # A package with Opasnet functionalities
library(xtable)      # A package with table formats
library(ggplot2)      # A package with fancy graph formats
objects.latest("Op_en5483", "initiate") # Get the latest ovariables from code calculations on page Op_en5483.


ghg.emission <- EvalOutput(ghg.emission, N=1)


<rcode
print(xtable(ghg.emission@output), type = 'html') # Show a result table
name="answer"
graphics="1"
include="
page:OpasnetBaseUtils|name:generic|
page:Object-oriented_programming_in_Opasnet|name:answer|
page:Greenhouse_gas_emissions_in_Kuopio|name:formula
"
>


library(xtable)
ggplot(ghg.emission@output, # Show a bar chart
out <- formula.Op_en5483(dependencies.Op_en5483)
aes(x = Sector, y = ghg.emission, fill = Year)) +
print(out)
geom_bar(position="dodge") +
plot(out)
theme_grey(base_size = 24)
out


</rcode>
</rcode>
Line 45: Line 41:
===Data===
===Data===


<t2b index="Sector,Year,Observation" locations="Result,Per.person" unit="kton CO2e, ton CO2e">
<t2b index="Sector,Year,Observation" locations="Result,TonsPerCapita" unit="kton CO2e">
Consumers' use of electricity|2010|126.96|1.31
Consumers' use of electricity|2010|126.96|1.31
Electric heating|2010|32.65|0.34
Electric heating|2010|32.65|0.34
Line 55: Line 51:
Total|2010|731.27|7.54
Total|2010|731.27|7.54
</t2b>
</t2b>
The greenhouse gas emissions in Kuopio in 2010 (without industry). <ref> Kuopion kasvihuonekaasut 2008-2010 (The greenhouse gas emissions in Kuopio 2008-2010) (in Finnish) [http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&ved=0CCkQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kuopio.fi%2Fc%2Fdocument_library%2Fget_file%3Fuuid%3Df2bd61bd-0401-4b0b-a4e6-c40f2619e651%26groupId%3D12141&ei=tl4dT525O86M4gTA7-jCBA&usg=AFQjCNFAULhL3EBOe1K93YQelJSzSJvzwg&sig2=GTt2VBgjAJWLRIS55FNAEQ] The per resident is calculated using the approximation of 97000 to be the population of Kuopio. </ref>
{{comment|# |Assuming that CDE equals CO2e equals carbon dioxide equivalents.|--[[User:Jouni|Jouni]] 09:52, 8 February 2012 (EET)}}
The greenhouse gas emissions have grown in Kuopio from 1990. They're about the same as the emissions in other cities the same size. The most important sources of greenhouse gases are the district heating used to warm houses, other use of electricity, other use of fuels (the energy production of industry and fuels of construction vehicles) and traffic. The greenhouse gas emissions grow, if active operations to limit emissions from the traffic, the optimizing energy consumption and increasing the amount of renewable energy sources used aren't taken into action. <ref name="kpo"> Kuopion ilmastopoliittinen ohjelma 2009-2020, The programme of climate politics in Kuopio 2009-2020 (in Finnish) [http://www.google.fi/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=kuopion%20ilmastopolitiikka&source=web&cd=2&ved=0CCYQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kuopio.fi%2Fc%2Fdocument_library%2Fget_file%3Fuuid%3Dab67c50a-9558-423c-951e-fd96cf1aaabf%26groupId%3D12141&ei=qUIXT7nPAsHSsgblw7wv&usg=AFQjCNElyMDB8C6ptGX9J1roJtGrNTzlnQ&sig2=Wtcy-0VSLt02BzxKzgWcfA&cad=rja]</ref>
On EU-level the basisline is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions at least 20% from 1990 to 2020. During the same time period the portion of renewable energy sources is increased up to 20% and the related traffic biofuel use up to 10 %. On local level the energy efficiency agreements have a big effect. Along with the city of Kuopio different companies and other agents, such as farms and housing companies, have made these agreements. The energy efficiency agreement made by the city of Kuopio obligates the reduction in energy consumption by 9% (18.207 GWh) from 2005 to 2016.<ref name="kpo"/>
The greenhouse gas emissions caused by the city's own actions are only 8% of the total. The whole city corporation, including Kuopion Energia Oy, produces a significant part of the greenhouse gas emissions of Kuopio. The city can affect the emissions from it's own actions and the emissions from traffic by land usage and traffic planning. With advising and announcements the city can contribute to the increasing of energy efficiency of households and buildings. With it's corporate governance the city can also affect the actions and emissions of the whole city corporation.<ref name="kpo"/>


===Formula===
===Formula===


<rcode  
<rcode  
name="formula"  
name="initiate"
label="Initiates functions"
label="Initiate variable"
include="
graphics="1"
page:Opasnet_(R_library)|name:answer|
page:Greenhouse_gas_emissions_in_Kuopio|name:formula
"
graphics="1"
>
>
formula.Op_en5483 <- function(x) {
library(OpasnetUtils)
emission.factors  <- make.ovariable(fetch(x[1, "Identifier"]), name = "emission.factors")
library(xtable)
heat.production        <- make.ovariable(fetch(x[3, "Identifier"]), name = "emission.factors")
 
fuel.fractions <- make.ovariable(fetch(x[2, "Identifier"]),  
data <- tidy(op_baseGetData("opasnet_base", "Op_en5483"), objname = "ghg.emission", direction = "wide")
name = "fuel.fractions")  
data <- data[data$Sector %in% c("District heating"), ]
out <- emission.factors * heat.production * fuel.fractions
 
return(out)
dependencies <- data.frame(
}
Name = c(
"energy.balance", # [[Energy balance in Kuopio]]
"emission.factor" # [[Emission factors for burning processes]]
),  
Key = c(
"QZNNQL9ClAHO3COB",
"QEq4AnzY04LXx3gX"
)
)
 
formula <- function(dependencies, intermediates = FALSE, ...) {
 
ComputeDependencies(dependencies, ...)
 
emission.factor@data <- emission.factor@data[emission.factor@data[, "Fuel power (MW)"]
%in% c("100-300", "-"), c("Fuel", "Emission type", "emission.factorUnit",  
"emission.factorResult")
]
 
# The data.frame temp is needed to connect energy.balance and emission.factor.


dependencies.Op_en5483 <- data.frame(Name=c("Emission factors for burning processes","Fuels used by Haapaniemi energy plant","Haapaniemi energy plant in Kuopio"),Identifier=c("Op_en2791","Op_en5690","Op_en5688"),Direction="wide",Result=c("emission.factors","fuel.fractions","heat.production"))
temp <- data.frame(
Energy.class = c(
"CHP peat",
"CHP renewable",
"CHP oil",
"H biogas",
"H oil",
"Ind peat",
"Ind oil",
"Ind renewable",
"Bought electricity"),
Fuel = c(
"Peat",
"Wood",
"Heavy oil",
"Light oil",
"Heavy oil",
"Peat",
"Heavy oil",
"Wood",
"Light oil"
)
)


emissions <- make.ovariable(data = fetch("Op_en5483"), dependencies = dependencies.Op_en5483, formula = formula.Op_en5483, name = "emissions")
energy.balance@output <- merge(energy.balance@output, temp)
print(emissions)
# energy.balance@output$energy.balanceSource <- "Formula"
plot(emissions)
# energy.balance@output$Unit <- "GWh"
# #energy.balance <- convert.units(energy.balance, "GWh")


</rcode>
if(intermediates) {
print(xtable(energy.balance@output), type = 'html')
print(emission.factor)
}


The greenhouse gas emissions in Kuopio in 2010 (without industry) <ref> Kuopion kasvihuonekaasut 2008-2010 (The greenhouse gas emissions in Kuopio 2008-2010) (in Finnish) [http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&ved=0CCkQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kuopio.fi%2Fc%2Fdocument_library%2Fget_file%3Fuuid%3Df2bd61bd-0401-4b0b-a4e6-c40f2619e651%26groupId%3D12141&ei=tl4dT525O86M4gTA7-jCBA&usg=AFQjCNFAULhL3EBOe1K93YQelJSzSJvzwg&sig2=GTt2VBgjAJWLRIS55FNAEQ] The per resident is calculated using the approximation of 97000 to be the population of Kuopio. </ref>
out <- energy.balance * emission.factor


{| align="center" {{prettytable}}
return(out)
|-
}
|Sector
|Greenhouse gas emission (kt CDE)
|Emissions per resident (t CDE)
|-
|Consumers' use of electricity
|126,96
|1,31
|-
|Electric heating
|32,65
|0,34
|-
|District heating
|321,18
|3,31
|-
|Separate heating
|41,1
|0,42
|-
|Traffic
|164,47
|1,70
|-
|Agriculture
|24,36
|0,25
|-
|Waste management
|20,55
|0,21
|-
|Total
|731,27
|7,54
|}


{{comment|# |Assuming that CDE equals CO2e equals carbon dioxide equivalents.|--[[User:Jouni|Jouni]] 09:52, 8 February 2012 (EET)}}
ghg.emission <- new("ovariable",
name = "ghg.emission",
data = data,
dependencies = dependencies,
formula = formula
)
 
temp <- EvalOutput(ghg.emission, intermediates = FALSE, N = 1)


The greenhouse gas emissions have grown in Kuopio from 1990. They're about the same as the emissions in other cities the same size. The most important sources of greenhouse gases are the district heating used to warm houses, other use of electricity, other use of fuels (the energy production of industry and fuels of construction vehicles) and traffic. The greenhouse gas emissions grow, if active operations to limit emissions from the traffic, the optimizing energy consumption and increasing the amount of renewable energy sources used aren't taken into action. <ref name="kpo"> Kuopion ilmastopoliittinen ohjelma 2009-2020, The programme of climate politics in Kuopio 2009-2020 (in Finnish) [http://www.google.fi/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=kuopion%20ilmastopolitiikka&source=web&cd=2&ved=0CCYQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kuopio.fi%2Fc%2Fdocument_library%2Fget_file%3Fuuid%3Dab67c50a-9558-423c-951e-fd96cf1aaabf%26groupId%3D12141&ei=qUIXT7nPAsHSsgblw7wv&usg=AFQjCNElyMDB8C6ptGX9J1roJtGrNTzlnQ&sig2=Wtcy-0VSLt02BzxKzgWcfA&cad=rja]</ref>
print(xtable(temp@output), type = 'html')


On EU-level the basisline is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions at least 20% from 1990 to 2020. During the same time period the portion of renewable energy sources is increased up to 20% and the related traffic biofuel use up to 10 %. On local level the energy efficiency agreements have a big effect. Along with the city of Kuopio different companies and other agents, such as farms and housing companies, have made these agreements. The energy efficiency agreement made by the city of Kuopio obligates the reduction in energy consumption by 9% (18.207 GWh) from 2005 to 2016.<ref name="kpo"/>
objects.store(ghg.emission)


The greenhouse gas emissions caused by the city's own actions are only 8% of the total. The whole city corporation, including Kuopion Energia Oy, produces a significant part of the greenhouse gas emissions of Kuopio. The city can affect the emissions from it's own actions and the emissions from traffic by land usage and traffic planning. With advising and announcements the city can contribute to the increasing of energy efficiency of households and buildings. With it's corporate governance the city can also affect the actions and emissions of the whole city corporation.<ref name="kpo"/>
cat("Object ghg.emission saved. Page: Op_en5483, code: initiate.\n")
</rcode>


==See also==
==See also==

Latest revision as of 07:49, 27 August 2013



Question

What are the greenhouse gas and PM emissions in Kuopio?

Answer

For calculating the emissions of district heating of buildings, following is needed:

⇤--#: . The answer only considers emissions from buildings and the power-plant, other emissions from the agriculture and traffic are not represented in the answer --Adedayo 15:22, 24 January 2013 (EET) (type: truth; paradigms: science: attack)

----#: . The comment is good but try to specific and clear,for example what does traffic emession represent,air ,water, road or all, besides ,to what extent are agricultural and building emission related to the GHG emession --Sam0911 11:53, 17 February 2013 (EET) (type: truth; paradigms: science: comment)

+ Show code

Rationale

Data

Greenhouse gas emissions in Kuopio: Difference between revisions(kton CO2e)
ObsSectorYearResultTonsPerCapita
1Consumers' use of electricity2010126.961.31
2Electric heating201032.650.34
3District heating2010321.183.31
4Separate heating201041.10.42
5Traffic2010164.471.70
6Agriculture201024.360.25
7Waste management201020.550.21
8Total2010731.277.54

The greenhouse gas emissions in Kuopio in 2010 (without industry). [1]


----#: . Assuming that CDE equals CO2e equals carbon dioxide equivalents. --Jouni 09:52, 8 February 2012 (EET) (type: truth; paradigms: science: comment)

The greenhouse gas emissions have grown in Kuopio from 1990. They're about the same as the emissions in other cities the same size. The most important sources of greenhouse gases are the district heating used to warm houses, other use of electricity, other use of fuels (the energy production of industry and fuels of construction vehicles) and traffic. The greenhouse gas emissions grow, if active operations to limit emissions from the traffic, the optimizing energy consumption and increasing the amount of renewable energy sources used aren't taken into action. [2]

On EU-level the basisline is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions at least 20% from 1990 to 2020. During the same time period the portion of renewable energy sources is increased up to 20% and the related traffic biofuel use up to 10 %. On local level the energy efficiency agreements have a big effect. Along with the city of Kuopio different companies and other agents, such as farms and housing companies, have made these agreements. The energy efficiency agreement made by the city of Kuopio obligates the reduction in energy consumption by 9% (18.207 GWh) from 2005 to 2016.[2]

The greenhouse gas emissions caused by the city's own actions are only 8% of the total. The whole city corporation, including Kuopion Energia Oy, produces a significant part of the greenhouse gas emissions of Kuopio. The city can affect the emissions from it's own actions and the emissions from traffic by land usage and traffic planning. With advising and announcements the city can contribute to the increasing of energy efficiency of households and buildings. With it's corporate governance the city can also affect the actions and emissions of the whole city corporation.[2]

Formula

+ Show code

See also

Urgenche research project 2011 - 2014: city-level climate change mitigation
Urgenche pages

Urgenche main page · Category:Urgenche · Urgenche project page (password-protected)

Relevant data
Building stock data in Urgenche‎ · Building regulations in Finland · Concentration-response to PM2.5 · Emission factors for burning processes · ERF of indoor dampness on respiratory health effects · ERF of several environmental pollutions · General criteria for land use · Indoor environment quality (IEQ) factors · Intake fractions of PM · Land use in Urgenche · Land use and boundary in Urgenche · Energy use of buildings

Relevant methods
Building model · Energy balance · Health impact assessment · Opasnet map · Help:Drawing graphs · OpasnetUtils‎ · Recommended R functions‎ · Using summary tables‎

City Kuopio
 Climate change policies and health in Kuopio (assessment) · Climate change policies in Kuopio (plausible city-level climate policies) · Health impacts of energy consumption in Kuopio · Building stock in Kuopio · Cost curves for energy (prioritization of options) · Energy balance in Kuopio (energy data) · Energy consumption and GHG emissions in Kuopio by sector · Energy consumption classes (categorisation) · Energy consumption of heating of buildings in Kuopio · Energy transformations (energy production and use processes) · Fuels used by Haapaniemi energy plant · Greenhouse gas emissions in Kuopio · Haapaniemi energy plant in Kuopio · Land use in Kuopio · Building data availability in Kuopio · Password-protected pages: File:Heat use in Kuopio.csv · Kuopio housing

City Basel
 Buildings in Basel (password-protected)

Energy balances
Energy balance in Basel · Energy balance in Kuopio · Energy balance in Stuttgart · Energy balance in Suzhou


Keywords

References

  1. ↑ Kuopion kasvihuonekaasut 2008-2010 (The greenhouse gas emissions in Kuopio 2008-2010) (in Finnish) [1] The per resident is calculated using the approximation of 97000 to be the population of Kuopio.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Kuopion ilmastopoliittinen ohjelma 2009-2020, The programme of climate politics in Kuopio 2009-2020 (in Finnish) [2]

Related files

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