Talk:Scud

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See also SCUD Progress Report (15 April 2010).

Final project report

Personal data/CV

Principal investigator of research

Applicant Sex Date of birth Nationality

Jouni Tuomisto Male 1.5.1967 Finland

Site of research and department Present position

National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Environmental Health. Senior researcher

Address

Street address Neulaniementie 4
P.O.Box 95
FI-70701 Kuopio
Finland

E-mail

jouni.tuomisto[at]thl.fi

Curriculum vitae

Basic project data

Key information about the project
Applicant Jouni Tuomisto
Call Academy researcher 1.8.2005 - 31.7.2010 (AT-viroista AT-tehtäviin siirtyvät 2010)
Research Council Research Council for Biosciences and Environment
Site of research and department National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Environmental Health
Project title Ympäristöterveyden riskianalyysi: tieteelliset epävarmuudet päätöksenteossa
Environmental health risk analysis: Scientific uncertainties in decision-making
Decision number 126532, 218114
Funding period: 1.1.2008-31.7.2010
Reporting period 10.01.2008 - 31.07.2010
Funding granted 279 781 €
Funding Research grant for academy researcher
Previous funding of the project
  • Decision SA/111775 (2005-2007): 155880 €.
  • Decision SA/108571 (2005-2010): 299340 €.

Project keywords and fields of research

Keywords in Finnish

avoin arviointi, Opasnet, päätösanalyysi, terveysvaikutusten arviointi, jaettu ymmärrys, päätöksenteko, tiedon käyttö päätöksenteossa, ympäristöterveys, pienhiukkaset, dioksiini

Keywords in English

open assessment, Opasnet, decision analysis, health impact assessment, shared understanding, decision making, use of knowledge in decision making, environmental health, fine particles, dioxin

Fields of research

  1. Environmental health research
  2. Public health research
  3. Communication

Public description of the project

Project summary in English

The objectives of the project are to

  • develop methods for estimating the value of scientific information for decision-making,
  • develop methods for explicitly describing the actual decision situations in a way that scientific understanding can be utilised, and
  • perform benefit-risk assessments on topics with high public health relevance.

The project has developed, in collaboration, a web workspace Opasnet (http://en.opasnet.org) for performing assessments in a way that allows for open participation without hampering scientific scrutiny. Several open assessments have been performed in Opasnet using open data, open models (executable or readable with a web browser), and open discussion protocols to evaluate and improve the assessments.

The project has solved many problems related to the production of information for decision making. The major remaining problems lie in the use of information, and in cultural inertia in adopting better methods developed.


Tiivistelmä suomeksi

Projektin tavoitteet ovat

  • kehittää menetelmiä arvioimaan tieteellisen tiedon arvoa päätöksenteolle,
  • kehittää menetelmiä kuvaamaan todellisia päätöstilanteita siten, että tieteellistä ymmärrystä voidaan hyödyntää, ja
  • tehdä hyöty-riskinarviointeja kansanterveydellisesti merkittävistä aiheista.

Projekti on kehittänyt yhteistyönä verkkotyötila Opasnetin (http://fi.opasnet.org) arviointien tekemiseen siten, että avoin osallistuminen voidaan sallia vaarantamatta tarkastelun tieteellisyyttä. Useita avoimia arviointeja on tehty Opasnetissä käyttäen avointa dataa, avoimia malleja (ajettavissa ja luettavissa nettiselaimella) ja avoimia keskustelukäytäntöjä arviointien evaluaatioon ja parantamiseen.

Projekti on ratkaissut monet ongelmat, jotka liittyvät tiedon tuotantoon päätöksentekoa varten. Suurimmat ongelmat jäävät tiedon käyttöön päätöksenteossa sekä kulttuurin hitauteen omaksua kehitettyjä parempia menetelmiä.

Funding for the project

Project funding: Academy of Finland 279781 €

Research personnel

Research personnel

  • Name Research career stage FTEs (months)
  • Ahtoniemi Pauliina Researcher 2.44
  • Hämäläinen Minna-Mari Assisting personnel 0.42
  • Keränen Teemu Assisting personnel 0.91
  • Kollanus Virpi Postgraduate student 4.46
  • Kuusisto Erkki Postdoctoral Researcher 3.96
  • Leino Olli Postgraduate student 16.28
  • MacDonald Ewen Assisting personnel 0.01
  • Majaniemi Sami Researcher 0.88
  • Niittynen Marjo Postgraduate student 1.40
  • Paakkinen Aino Assisting personnel 0.37
  • Pohjola Mikko Postgraduate student 4.70
  • Tainio Marko Postdoctoral Researcher 2.84
  • Tuomisto Jouni Researcher 3.24
  • Tuomisto Matleena Assisting personnel 0.18
  • Villman Juha Researcher 5.68
  • Viluksela Henrik Assisting personnel 0.088


Personnel funded within the project only before 2008 from the two other Academy grants (not included in the report):

  • Marja-Leena Hannila, M.Sc.
  • Maria Rusanen, M.Sc.
  • Anna Karjalainen, Ph.D.

Mobility

  • Name: Tainio Marko Kalevi 35.0 Finland, Poland,
  • Duration (months): 35.0
  • From: National Institute for Health and Welfare
  • To: Systems Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland

Examina

Name Year of degree Degree Funding percentage (%)
Tainio Marko 2009 Doctor 5
Leino Olli 2012 Doctor 25
Niittynen Marjo 2012 Doctor 3
Pohjola Mikko 2012 Doctor 10

External research infrastructures

None.

Presentation of results

Scud has started a new way of making impact assessments. It has collaborated with several projects (Finmerac, Minera [Tekes]; Beneris, Intarese, Heimtsa [EU 6FP]; Urgenche, Plantlibra [EU 7FP]; Claih, Bioher [Academy of Finland]) and research institutes (RIVM, PBL, Delft University of Technology [NL]; Imperial College London, University of Exeter [UK]; University of Stuttgart [DE]; Harvard School of Public Health [US]; Cyprus University of Technology [CY]) in developing and applying these new methods.

The overall aim of the new method is to collect, organise, synthesise, and disseminate scientific information and value judgements for helping societal decision-making in a way where open, unlimited participation can be allowed without hampering scientific scrutiny. The method is called open assessment. In practice, we have developed a web workspace Opasnet (http://en.opasnet.org), which contains a suite of functionalities for e.g. describing complex environmental health problems, developing and running quantitative assessment models, chairing organised discussions, and performing and publishing original research. Opasnet has become a workspace where information can be managed all the way from a research plan to a policy advisory report. A key functionality is to enhance learning by sharing among participants and users. The workspace is planned for different users, including researchers, impact assessors, politicians, stakeholders, journalists, companies, and citizens. More details of the methods can be found online: http://en.opasnet.org/w/Open_assessment

Main scientific results:

  • Historically, there is and has been a myriad of different kinds of assessments. In general, there is a recent tendency towards a) increasing engagement between assessment and management as well as stakeholders, b) strive for framing assessments according to specific practical policy needs, c) integration of multiple benefits and risks, and d) explicit incorporation of both scientific facts and value statements in assessment.
  • Shared understanding (knowing what is thought in the society) should be an explicit objective of assessments.
  • Information structures in assessments can be standardised to improve efficiency and usability. An assessment is a hierarchical set of distinct information objects that each have the same internal structure: 1) a research question, which defines the topic, 2) one or more hypotheses as answers to the question, and 3) rationale with background information used to defend and attack the hypotheses.
  • Pragma-dialectic argumentation theory can be successfully used in assessments to organise contributions and maintain scientific integrity.
  • Assessments and their potential to improve outcomes can be evaluated by looking at 1) quality of content (informativeness, calibration, coherence), 2) applicability (relevance, availability, usability, acceptability), and 3) efficiency (for one assessment and for several similar assessments).

Publications

Peer reviewed publications (contains a few articles that relate to the project but do not mention the funding in acknowledgements; these are omitted from the report)

  1. Tuomisto, JT; Pekkanen, J. 2005. Assessing environmental health risks or net health benefits?. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 33 (3): 162-163.
  2. Tuomisto, JT; Tainio, M. 2005. An economic way of reducing health, environmental, and other pressures of urban traffic: a decision analysis on trip aggregation. BMC PUBLIC HEALTH 5:123.
  3. Kiviranta, H; Tuomisto, JT; Tuomisto, J; Tukiainen, E; Vartiainen, T. 2005. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls in the general population in Finland. CHEMOSPHERE 60 (7): 854-869.
  4. Fletcher, N; Giese, N; Schmidt, C; Stern, N; Lind, PM; Viluksela, M; Tuomisto, JT; Tuomisto, J; Nau, H; Hakansson, H. 2005. Altered retinoid metabolism in female long-evans and Han/Wistar rats following long-term 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-treatment. TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES 86 (2): 264-272.
  5. Hanninen, OO; Palonen, J; Tuomisto, JT; Yli-Tuomi, T; Seppanen, O; Jantunen, MJ. 2005. Reduction potential of urban PM2.5 mortality risk using modern ventilation systems in buildings. INDOOR AIR 15 (4): 246-256.
  6. Hanninen, OO; Tuomisto, JT; Jantunen, MJ. 2005. Characterization of model error in a simulation of fine particulate matter exposure distributions of the working age population in Helsinki, Finland. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION 55 (4): 446-457.
  7. Tainio, M; Tuomisto, JT; Hanninen, O; Aarnio, P; Koistinen, KJ; Jantunen, MJ; Pekkanen, J. 2005. Health effects caused by primary fine particulate matter (PM2.5) emitted from buses in the Helsinki metropolitan area, Finland. RISK ANALYSIS 25 (1): 151-160.
  8. Tuomisto J, Pekkanen J, Kiviranta H, Tukiainen E, Vartiainen T, Viluksela M, Tuomisto JT. Dioxin Cancer Risk - Example of Hormesis? Dose Response. 2006 May 1;3(3):332-341. [1]
  9. van Bree, L; Fudge, N; Tuomisto, JT; Brunekreef, B. 2007. Closing the gap between science and policy on air pollution and health. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES 70 (3-4): 377-381.
  10. Tainio M, Tuomisto JT, Hanninen O, et al.: Parameter and model uncertainty in a life-table model for fine particles (PM2.5): a statistical modeling study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, 6 (Article 6) AUG 23 2007.
  11. Cooke RM, Wilson AM, Tuomisto JT, et al. A Probabilistic characterization of the relationship between fine particulate matter and mortality: Elicitation of European experts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 41 (18): 6598-6605 SEP 15 2007. [2]
  12. Niittynen M, Simanainen U, Syrjala P, et al. Differences in acute toxicity syndromes of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in rats. TOXICOLOGY 235 (1-2): 39-51 JUN 3 2007 2007.
  13. Kiljunen M, Vanhatalo M, Mantyniemi S, et al. Human dietary intake of organochlorines from Baltic herring: Implications of individual fish variability and fisheries management. AMBIO 36 (2-3): 257-264 APR 2007.
  14. Main KM, Kiviranta H, Virtanen HE, Sundqvist E, Tuomisto JT, Tuomisto J, Vartiainen T, Skakkebaek NE, Toppari J. Flame retardants in placenta and breast milk and cryptorchidism in newborn boys. Environ Health Perspect. 2007 Oct;115(10):1519-26. [3]
  15. Jouni T. Tuomisto, Andrew Wilson, John S. Evans, Marko Tainio. 2008. Uncertainty in mortality response to airborne fine particulate matter: Combining European air pollution experts. Reliability Engineering and System Safety 93: 732-744.
  16. Niittynen M, Tuomisto JT, Pohjanvirta R. Effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on heme oxygenase-1, biliverdin IXalpha reductase and delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase 1 in rats with wild-type or variant AH receptor. Toxicology. 2008 Sep 4;250(2-3):132-42. Epub 2008 Jul 10. [4]
  17. Karvosenoja, N (Karvosenoja, Niko); Tainio, M (Tainio, Marko); Kupiainen, K (Kupiainen, Kaarle); Tuomisto, JT (Tuomisto, Jouni T.); Kukkonen, J (Kukkonen, Jaakko); Johansson, M (Johansson, Matti). Evaluation of the emissions and uncertainties of PM2.5 originated from vehicular traffic and domestic wood combustion in Finland. BOREAL ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH, 13 (5): 465-474 OCT 31 2008.
  18. Leino O, Tainio M, Tuomisto JT. Comparative risk analysis of dioxins in fish and fine particles from heavy-duty vehicles. Risk Anal. 2008 Feb;28(1):127-40. [5]
  19. Franc MA, Moffat ID, Boutros PC, Tuomisto JT, Tuomisto J, Pohjanvirta R, Okey AB. Patterns of dioxin-altered mRNA expression in livers of dioxin-sensitive versus dioxin-resistant rats. Arch Toxicol. 2008 Nov;82(11):809-30. Epub 2008 May 9. Erratum in: Arch Toxicol. 2008 Nov;82(11):831. [6]
  20. Marko Tainio, Mikhail Sofiev, Mika Hujo, Jouni T. Tuomisto, Miranda Loh, Matti J. Jantunen, Ari Karppinen, Leena Kangas, Niko Karvosenoja, Kaarle Kupiainen, Petri Porvari, Jaakko Kukkonen: Evaluation of the European population intake fractions for European and Finnish anthropogenic primary fine particulate matter emissions. Atmospheric Environment 43 (2009) 3052–3059.
  21. Marko Tainio, Niko Karvosenoja, Petri Porvari, Arjen Raateland, Jouni T. Tuomisto, Matti Johansson, Jaakko Kukkonen, Kaarle Kupiainen: A simple concept for GIS-based estimation of population exposure to primary fine particles from vehicular traffic and domestic wood combustion. Boreal Environment Research 14 (2009): 850-860.
  22. Sand S, Fletcher N, von Rosen D, Kalantari F, Viluksela M, Tuomisto JT, Tuomisto J, Falk-Filipsson A, Håkansson H. Quantitative and statistical analysis of differences in sensitivity between Long-Evans and Han/Wistar rats following long-term exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2010 Jul-Aug;57(2-3):136-45. Epub 2010 Feb 4. [7]
  23. Herlin M, Kalantari F, Stern N, Sand S, Larsson S, Viluksela M, Tuomisto JT, Tuomisto J, Tuukkanen J, Jämsä T, Lind PM, Håkansson H. Quantitative characterization of changes in bone geometry, mineral density and biomechanical properties in two rat strains with different Ah-receptor structures after long-term exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Toxicology. 2010 Jun 29;273(1-3):1-11. Epub 2010 Apr 18. [8]
  24. Hirvonen T, Sinkko H, Hallikainen A, Kiviranta H, Pietinen P, Valsta L, Tuomisto JT. Modelling the intake of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans: impact of energy under-reporting and number of reporting days in dietary surveys. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2010 Aug;27(8):1170-6. [9]
  25. Tainio, M (Tainio, M.); Tuomisto, JT (Tuomisto, J. T.); Pekkanen, J (Pekkanen, J.); Karvosenoja, N (Karvosenoja, N.); Kupiainen, K (Kupiainen, K.); Porvari, P (Porvari, P.); Sofiev, M (Sofiev, M.); Karppinen, A (Karppinen, A.); Kangas, L (Kangas, L.); Kukkonen, J (Kukkonen, J.): Uncertainty in health risks due to anthropogenic primary fine particulate matter from different source types in Finland. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT 2010: 44 (17): 2125-2132 doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.02.036
  26. Lensu S, Tuomisto JT, Tuomisto J, Pohjanvirta R. Characterization of the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-provoked strong and rapid aversion to unfamiliar foodstuffs in rats. Toxicology. 2011 May 10;283(2-3):140-50. Epub 2011 Mar 22. [10]
  27. Lensu S, Tuomisto JT, Tuomisto J, Viluksela M, Niittynen M, Pohjanvirta R. Immediate and highly sensitive aversion response to a novel food item linked to AH receptor stimulation. Toxicol Lett. 2011 Jun 24;203(3):252-7. Epub 2011 Mar 31. [11]
  28. Pohjola MV, Tuomisto JT. Openness in participation, assessment, and policy making upon issues of environment and environmental health: a review of literature and recent project results. Environ Health. 2011 Jun 16;10:58. [12]
  29. Verhagen H, Tijhuis MJ, Gunnlaugsdottir H, Kalogeras N, Leino O, Luteijn JM, Magnússon SH, Odekerken G, Pohjola MV, Tuomisto JT, Ueland O, White BC, Holm F. State of the art in benefit-risk analysis: Introduction. Food Chem Toxicol. 2011 Jun 12. [Epub ahead of print] [13]
  30. Magnússon SH, Gunnlaugsdóttir H, van Loveren H, Holm F, Kalogeras N, Leino O, Luteijn JM, Odekerken G, Pohjola MV, Tijhuis MJ, Tuomisto JT, Ueland O, White BC, Verhagen H. State of the art in benefit-risk analysis: Food microbiology. Food Chem Toxicol. 2011 Jun 12. [Epub ahead of print] [14]
  31. Tijhuis MJ, de Jong N, Pohjola MV, Gunnlaugsdóttir H, Hendriksen M, Hoekstra J, Holm F, Kalogeras N, Leino O, van Leeuwen FX, Luteijn JM, Magnússon SH, Odekerken G, Rompelberg C, Tuomisto JT, Ueland O, White BC, Verhagen H. State of the art in benefit-risk analysis: Food and nutrition. Food Chem Toxicol. 2011 Jun 12. [Epub ahead of print] [15]
  32. Ueland O, Gunnlaugsdottir H, Holm F, Kalogeras N, Leino O, Luteijn JM, Magnússon SH, Odekerken G, Pohjola MV, Tijhuis MJ, Tuomisto JT, White BC, Verhagen H. State of the art in benefit-risk analysis: Consumer perception. Food Chem Toxicol. 2011 Jun 12. [Epub ahead of print] [16]
  33. Luteijn JM, White BC, Gunnlaugsdóttir H, Holm F, Kalogeras N, Leino O, Magnússon SH, Odekerken G, Pohjola MV, Tijhuis MJ, Tuomisto JT, Ueland O, McCarron PA, Verhagen H. State of the art in benefit-risk analysis: Medicines. Food Chem Toxicol. 2011 Jun 12. [Epub ahead of print] [17]
  34. Pohjola MV, Leino O, Kollanus V, Tuomisto JT, Gunnlaugsdóttir H, Holm F, Kalogeras N, Luteijn JM, Magnússon SH, Odekerken G, Tijhuis MJ, Ueland O, White BC, Verhagen H. State of the art in benefit-risk analysis: Environmental health. Food Chem Toxicol. 2011 Jun 12. [Epub ahead of print] [18]
  35. Leino O, Karjalainen AK, Tuomisto JT. Effects of docosahexaenoic acid and methylmercury on child's brain development due to consumption of fish by Finnish mother during pregnancy: A probabilistic modeling approach. Food Chem Toxicol. 2011 Jun 23. [Epub ahead of print] [19]
  36. Kalogeras N, Odekerken-Schröder G, Pennings JM, Gunnlaugsdottir H, Holm F, Leino O, Luteijn JM, Magnússon SH, Pohjola MV, Tijhuis MJ, Tuomisto JT, Ueland O, White BC, Verhagen H. State of the art in benefit-risk analysis: Economics and Marketing-Finance. Food Chem Toxicol. 2011 Aug 18. [Epub ahead of print] [20]
  37. Pohjola, M.V., Pohjola, P., Paavola, S., Bauters, M., Tuomisto, J.T., 2011b. Pragmatic knowledge services. Journal of Universal Computer Science 17, 472-497. doi:10.3217/jucs-017-03-0472
  38. Tijhuis, M.J., Pohjola, M.V., Gunnlaugsdóttir, H., Kalogeras, N., Leino, O., Luteijn, J.M., Magnússon, S.H., Odekerken, G., Poto, M., Tuomisto, J.T., Ueland, Ø., White, B.C., Holm, F., Verhagen, H., 2011. Looking beyond Borders: Integrating best practices in benefit-risk analysis into the field of food and nutrition. Food and Chemical Toxicology, In press. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2011.11.044


Opasnet publications in English

Publication type is either a) Article in professional hand or guide book or in a professional data system, or text book material, or b) Popular article, newspaper article depending on the target audience. All publications are open access.
  1. Teemu Rintala, Jouni T. Tuomisto: Dampness and asthma. An assessment of building policies' effect on dampness and asthma in Europe. Opasnet 2011. (http://en.opasnet.org/w/Dampness_and_asthma). Accessed 30 Nov 2011.
  2. Teemu Rintala, Jouni T. Tuomisto, Mikko V. Pohjola, Kati Iso-Markku, Virpi Kollanus, Marko Tainio et al.: Assessment of the health impacts of H1N1 vaccination. Comparison of swine flu vaccination strategies in Finland. Opasnet 2011. (http://en.opasnet.org/w/Assessment_of_the_health_impacts_of_H1N1_vaccination). Accessed 30 Nov 2011.
  3. Mikko V. Pohjola, Jouni T. Tuomisto, Virpi Kollanus, Pauliina Taimisto: Assessment on impacts of emission trading on city-level (ET-CL). Opasnet 2010. (http://en.opasnet.org/w/Assessment_on_impacts_of_emission_trading_on_city-level_(ET-CL)). Accessed 30 Nov 2011.
  4. Mikko V. Pohjola, Jouni T. Tuomisto: Assessment structure. Opasnet 2010. (http://en.opasnet.org/w/Assessment_structure). Accessed 30 Nov 2011.
  5. Patrycja Gradowska, Jouni T. Tuomisto, Anna Karjalainen, Olli Leino, Päivi Meriläinen: Benefit-risk assessment of fish consumption for Beneris. Opasnet 2010. (http://en.opasnet.org/w/Benefit-risk_assessment_of_fish_consumption_for_Beneris). Accessed 30 Nov 2011.
  6. Jouni T. Tuomisto, Olli Leino: Benefit-risk assessment of methyl mercury and omega-3 fatty acids in fish. Opasnet 2010. (http://en.opasnet.org/w/Benefit-risk_assessment_of_methyl_mercury_and_omega-3_fatty_acids_in_fish). Accessed 30 Nov 2011.
  7. Ulla Haverinen-Shaughnessy, Jouni T. Tuomisto: Building policies in Europe. Opasnet 2011. (http://en.opasnet.org/w/Building_policies_in_Europe). Accessed 30 Nov 2011.
  8. Anna Karjalainen, Jouni T. Tuomisto, Patrycja Gradowska: Concentrations of beneficial nutrients in fish. Opasnet 2009. (http://en.opasnet.org/w/Concentrations_of_beneficial_nutrients_in_fish). Accessed 30 Nov 2011.
  9. Mikko V. Pohjola, Jouni T. Tuomisto: Dealing with disputes. Opasnet 2010. (http://en.opasnet.org/w/Dealing_with_disputes). Accessed 30 Nov 2011.
  10. Marko Tainio: Decision analysis and risk management - background information. Opasnet 2010. (http://en.opasnet.org/w/Decision_analysis_and_risk_management_-_background_information). Accessed 30 Nov 2011.
  11. Jouni T. Tuomisto, Päivi Meriläinen: Dioxin exposure-response function on population level. Opasnet 2009. (http://en.opasnet.org/w/Dioxin_exposure-response_function_on_population_level). Accessed 30 Nov 2011.
  12. Mikko V. Pohjola, Jouni T. Tuomisto: Discussion. Introduction to discussions in Opasnet.. Opasnet 2010. (http://en.opasnet.org/w/Discussion). Accessed 30 Nov 2011.
  13. Jouni T. Tuomisto, Anna Karjalainen, Patrycja Gradowska: ERF of methyl mercury on intelligence quotient. Estimate of exposure-response function.. Opasnet 2010. (http://en.opasnet.org/w/ERF_of_methyl_mercury_on_intelligence_quotient). Accessed 30 Nov 2011.
  14. Pasi Sorsa: Emission assessment of small-scale energy production in the Helsinki metropolitan area. Opasnet 2009. (http://en.opasnet.org/w/Emission_assessment_of_small-scale_energy_production_in_the_Helsinki_metropolitan_area). Accessed 30 Nov 2011.
  15. Mikko V. Pohjola: Facilitating mass collaboration in assessments. Opasnet 2009. (http://en.opasnet.org/w/Facilitating_mass_collaboration_in_assessments). Accessed 30 Nov 2011.
  16. Mikko V. Pohjola: General assessment processes. Opasnet 2009. (http://en.opasnet.org/w/General_assessment_processes). Accessed 30 Nov 2011.
  17. Teemu Rintala, Jouni T. Tuomisto: Health impact of radon in Europe. Opasnet 2011. (http://en.opasnet.org/w/Health_impact_of_radon_in_Europe). Accessed 30 Nov 2011.
  18. Virpi Kollanus, Jouni T. Tuomisto: Health impacts of urban heat island mitigation in Europe. Opasnet 2010. (http://en.opasnet.org/w/Health_impacts_of_urban_heat_island_mitigation_in_Europe). Accessed 30 Nov 2011.
  19. Pauliina Taimisto, Pasi Sorsa: Heating consumption of buildings. Opasnet 2010. (http://en.opasnet.org/w/Heating_consumption_of_buildings). Accessed 30 Nov 2011.
  20. Mikko V. Pohjola, Jouni T. Tuomisto: Mass collaboration. Opasnet 2009. (http://en.opasnet.org/w/Mass_collaboration). Accessed 30 Nov 2011.
  21. Jouni T. Tuomisto, Patrycja Gradowska: Mercury and methyl mercury concentrations in fish. Opasnet 2009. (http://en.opasnet.org/w/Mercury_and_methyl_mercury_concentrations_in_fish). Accessed 30 Nov 2011.
  22. Jouni T. Tuomisto, Mikko V. Pohjola: Open assessment. Opasnet 2011. (http://en.opasnet.org/w/Open_assessment). Accessed 30 Nov 2011.
  23. Mikko V. Pohjola, Jouni T. Tuomisto: Participating in assessments. Opasnet 2010. (http://en.opasnet.org/w/Participating_in_assessments). Accessed 30 Nov 2011.
  24. Jouni T. Tuomisto, Mikko V. Pohjola, Teemu Keränen: Peer rating. Opasnet 2010. (http://en.opasnet.org/w/Peer_rating). Accessed 30 Nov 2011.
  25. Jouni T. Tuomisto, Alexandra Kuhn, Juha Villman: Respect theory. Opasnet 2010. (http://en.opasnet.org/w/Respect_theory). Accessed 30 Nov 2011.
  26. Mikko V. Pohjola, Jouni T. Tuomisto: Reusability of information objects. Opasnet 2009. (http://en.opasnet.org/w/Reusability_of_information_objects). Accessed 30 Nov 2011.
  27. Päivi Meriläinen: Risk assessment of nitrate in drinking water. Opasnet 2009. (http://en.opasnet.org/w/Risk_assessment_of_nitrate_in_drinking_water). Accessed 30 Nov 2011.
  28. Mikko V. Pohjola: Scientific method. Opasnet 2010. (http://en.opasnet.org/w/Scientific_method). Accessed 30 Nov 2011.
  29. Mikko V. Pohjola: Societal context of assessments. Opasnet 2010. (http://en.opasnet.org/w/Societal_context_of_assessments). Accessed 30 Nov 2011.
  30. Jouni T. Tuomisto, Sami Paavola, Mikko Pohjola: Trialogue. Opasnet 2010. (http://en.opasnet.org/w/Trialogue). Accessed 30 Nov 2011.
  31. Jouni T. Tuomisto, Mikko Pohjola: Value judgement. Opasnet 2010. (http://en.opasnet.org/w/Value_judgement). Accessed 30 Nov 2011.
  32. Marko Tainio, Jouni T. Tuomisto: Value of information analysis. Opasnet 2010. (http://en.opasnet.org/w/Value_of_information_analysis). Accessed 30 Nov 2011.
  33. Mikko Pohjola, Jouni T. Tuomisto: Variable structure. Opasnet 2009. (http://en.opasnet.org/w/Variable_structure). Accessed 30 Nov 2011.


Opasnet publications in Finnish

Publication type is either a) Article in professional hand or guide book or in a professional data system, or text book material, or b) Popular article, newspaper article depending on the target audience. All publications are open access.
  1. Päivi Meriläinen: Arviointi pohjavesilaitoksen mikrobiologisista riskeistä. Opasnet 2010. (http://fi.opasnet.org/fi/Arviointi_pohjavesilaitoksen_mikrobiologisista_riskeist%C3%A4). Viitattu 30.11.2011.
  2. Jouni T. Tuomisto: Arvostuspeli. Opasnet 2010. (http://fi.opasnet.org/fi/Arvostuspeli). Viitattu 30.11.2011.
  3. Jouni T. Tuomisto: Arvostusteoria. Ehdotus markkinatalouden aiheuttaman riippuvuuden hoitoon. Luento. Opasnet 2010. (http://fi.opasnet.org/fi/Arvostusteoria._Ehdotus_markkinatalouden_aiheuttaman_riippuvuuden_hoitoon). Viitattu 30.11.2011.
  4. Jouni T. Tuomisto: Avoin arviointi erityistilanteessa. Ohjeistus. Opasnet 2010. (http://fi.opasnet.org/fi/Avoin_arviointi_erityistilanteessa). Viitattu 30.11.2011.
  5. Matleena Tuomisto, Noora Koponen, Teemu Rintala: Energiantuotannon kasvihuonekaasupäästöt Suomessa. Opasnet 2010. (http://fi.opasnet.org/fi/Energiantuotannon_kasvihuonekaasup%C3%A4%C3%A4st%C3%B6t_Suomessa). Viitattu 30.11.2011.
  6. Hannu Komulainen, Olli Leino: Fluoridi altistuminen. Muuttuja. Opasnet 2010. (http://fi.opasnet.org/fi/Fluoridi_altistuminen). Viitattu 30.11.2011.
  7. Eero Priha, Otto Hänninen, Olli Leino: Formaldehydi altistus Suomi. Opasnet 2010. (http://fi.opasnet.org/fi/Formaldehydi_altistus_Suomi). Viitattu 30.11.2011.
  8. Teemu Rintala, Sami Majaniemi, Minna-Mari Hämäläinen, Noora Koponen, Matleena Tuomisto, Aino Paakkinen, Jouni T. Tuomisto: Hyöty-riskiarviointi ydinvoimasta Suomessa. Opasnet 2010. (http://fi.opasnet.org/fi/Hy%C3%B6ty-riskiarviointi_ydinvoimasta_Suomessa). Viitattu 30.11.2011.
  9. Jouni T. Tuomisto, Mikko V. Pohjola: Ilmastopolitiikkaa voisi ohjata tieteen menetelmin. Mielipidekirjoitus. Opasnet 2010. (http://fi.opasnet.org/fi/Ilmastopolitiikkaa_voisi_ohjata_tieteen_menetelmin). Viitattu 30.11.2011.
  10. Jouni T. Tuomisto, Pauliina Ahtoniemi: Islannin tulivuorenpurkaus 2010. Opasnet 2010. (http://fi.opasnet.org/fi/Islannin_tulivuorenpurkaus_2010). Viitattu 30.11.2011.
  11. Olli Leino: Kalaruoan terveysvaikutukset. Opasnet 2010. (http://fi.opasnet.org/fi/Kalaruoan_terveysvaikutukset). Viitattu 30.11.2011.
  12. Matti Jantunen, Jouni T. Tuomisto: Kaupunkirakenne - kansanterveys. Opasnet 2010. (http://fi.opasnet.org/fi/Kaupunkirakenne_-_kansanterveys). Viitattu 30.11.2011.
  13. Päivi Meriläinen, Olli Leino: Kloorauksen sivutuotteet altistus Suomi. Opasnet 2010. (http://fi.opasnet.org/fi/Kloorauksen_sivutuotteet_altistus_Suomi). Viitattu 30.11.2011.
  14. Jouni T. Tuomisto: Komiteoita, tiedostoja ja muita entisajan keksintöjä. Opasnet 2010. (http://fi.opasnet.org/fi/Komiteoita,_tiedostoja_ja_muita_entisajan_keksint%C3%B6j%C3%A4). Viitattu 30.11.2011.
  15. Ulla Haverinen-Shaughnessy, Olli Leino: Kosteusvauriot altistus. Opasnet 2010. (http://fi.opasnet.org/fi/Kosteusvauriot_altistus). Viitattu 30.11.2011.
  16. Sami Majaniemi: Kuntakone. Opasnet 2010. (http://fi.opasnet.org/fi/Kuntakone). Viitattu 30.11.2011.
  17. Otto Hänninen, Olli Leino: Lyijy ympäristö altistus. Opasnet 2010. (http://fi.opasnet.org/fi/Lyijy_ymp%C3%A4rist%C3%B6_altistus). Viitattu 30.11.2011.
  18. Jouni T. Tuomisto: Matkojenhallintajärjestelmä. Ehdotus parannuksesta. Opasnet 2010. (http://fi.opasnet.org/fi/Matkojenhallintaj%C3%A4rjestelm%C3%A4). Viitattu 30.11.2011.
  19. Olli Leino, Juha Villman: Metyylielohopea altistus Suomi. Opasnet 2010. (http://fi.opasnet.org/fi/Metyylielohopea_altistus_Suomi). Viitattu 30.11.2011.
  20. Sami Majaniemi: Nettiajan kansalaisyhteiskunta. Opasnet 2010. (http://fi.opasnet.org/fi/Nettiajan_kansalaisyhteiskunta). Viitattu 30.11.2011.
  21. Jouni T. Tuomisto: Opasnetin kehitystarpeita. Yhteistyömahdollisuuksien kartoitus. Opasnet 2010. (http://fi.opasnet.org/fi/Opasnetin_kehitystarpeita). Viitattu 30.11.2011.
  22. Sami Majaniemi: Opastopian toimintaympäristö. Opasnet 2010. (http://fi.opasnet.org/fi/Opastopian_toimintaymp%C3%A4rist%C3%B6). Viitattu 30.11.2011.
  23. Jouni T. Tuomisto: Päättäjän tietomonopoli on murrettava. Pamfletti. Opasnet 2010. (http://fi.opasnet.org/fi/P%C3%A4%C3%A4tt%C3%A4j%C3%A4n_tietomonopoli_on_murrettava). Viitattu 30.11.2011.
  24. Teemu Rintala, Noora Koponen, Minna-Mari Hämäläinen, Jouni T. Tuomisto: Radioaktiivisen säteilyn terveysvaikutukset Suomessa. Opasnet 2010. (http://fi.opasnet.org/fi/Radioaktiivisen_s%C3%A4teilyn_terveysvaikutukset_Suomessa). Viitattu 30.11.2011.
  25. Noora Koponen, Jouni T. Tuomisto: Sikainfluenssa. Luonnos arvioinniksi. Opasnet 2010. (http://fi.opasnet.org/fi/Sikainfluenssa). Viitattu 30.11.2011.
  26. Noora Koponen, Jouni T. Tuomisto: Sikainfluenssarokotteen terveyshaitat. Opasnet 2010. (http://fi.opasnet.org/fi/Sikainfluenssarokotteen_terveyshaitat). Viitattu 30.11.2011.
  27. Teemu Rintala, Noora Koponen, Matleena Tuomisto, Sami Majaniemi, Aino Paakkinen, Jouni T. Tuomisto: Suomalainen energiapolitiikka. Opasnet 2010. (http://fi.opasnet.org/fi/Suomalainen_energiapolitiikka). Viitattu 30.11.2011.
  28. Teemu Rintala, Sami Majaniemi: Suomen energiantuotannon terveysvaikutusten arviointi. Opasnet 2010. (http://fi.opasnet.org/fi/Suomen_energiantuotannon_terveysvaikutusten_arviointi). Viitattu 30.11.2011.
  29. Sami Majaniemi, Jouni T. Tuomisto (toim.): Suomen hallitusohjelma 2011. Wikihallitusohjelma. Opasnet 2011. (http://fi.opasnet.org/fi/Suomen_hallitusohjelma_2011). Viitattu 30.11.2011.
  30. Jouni T. Tuomisto: Sähköinen sairauskertomus. Opasnet 2010. (http://fi.opasnet.org/fi/S%C3%A4hk%C3%B6inen_sairauskertomus). Viitattu 30.11.2011.
  31. Jouni T. Tuomisto, Sami Majaniemi: Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin ajatushautomo. Opasnet 2010. (http://fi.opasnet.org/fi/Terveyden_ja_hyvinvoinnin_ajatushautomo). Viitattu 30.11.2011.
  32. Jouni T. Tuomisto: Terveydenhuollon tietojärjestelmä. Luonnos arvioinniksi. Opasnet 2010. (http://fi.opasnet.org/fi/Terveydenhuollon_tietoj%C3%A4rjestelm%C3%A4). Viitattu 30.11.2011.
  33. Jouni T. Tuomisto, Sami Majaniemi: Tieteen ja politiikan vuorovaikutusstrategia. Opasnet 2010. (http://fi.opasnet.org/fi/Tieteen_ja_politiikan_vuorovaikutusstrategia). Viitattu 30.11.2011.
  34. Jouni T. Tuomisto, Juha Villman: Tietoteknisiä ratkaisuja Opasnetissä. Opasnet 2010. (http://fi.opasnet.org/fi/Tietoteknisi%C3%A4_ratkaisuja_Opasnetiss%C3%A4). Viitattu 30.11.2011.
  35. Jouni T. Tuomisto: Tietotyö. Opasnet 2010. (http://fi.opasnet.org/fi/Tietoty%C3%B6). Viitattu 30.11.2011.
  36. Jouni T. Tuomisto, Sami Majaniemi: Tutkimuslaitoksen tietopolitiikka. Opasnet 2010. (http://fi.opasnet.org/fi/Tutkimuslaitoksen_tietopolitiikka). Viitattu 30.11.2011.
  37. Sami Majaniemi: Uutisraivaaja 2011. Suunnitelma. Opasnet 2010. (http://fi.opasnet.org/fi/Uutisraivaaja_2011). Viitattu 30.11.2011.
  38. Jouni T. Tuomisto: Verovähennyskortti. Verojärjestelmän parannusehdotus. Opasnet 2010. (http://fi.opasnet.org/fi/Verov%C3%A4hennyskortti). Viitattu 30.11.2011.
  39. Jouni T. Tuomisto: Wikipuolue. Opasnet 2010. (http://fi.opasnet.org/fi/Wikipuolue). Viitattu 30.11.2011.
  40. Mikko Pohjola, Erkki Kuusisto, Jouni T. Tuomisto: YVA. Kommentteja YVA-lain arvioinnista. Opasnet 2010. (http://fi.opasnet.org/fi/YVA). Viitattu 30.11.2011.
  41. Noora Koponen, Minna-Mari Hämäläinen, Matleena Tuomisto, Teemu Rintala, Aino Paakkinen, Sami Majaniemi, Jouni T. Tuomisto: Ydinvoimaan liittyvien riskien kokeminen Suomessa. Opasnet 2010. (http://fi.opasnet.org/fi/Ydinvoimaan_liittyvien_riskien_kokeminen_Suomessa). Viitattu 30.11.2011.
  42. Erkki Kuusisto: Ympäristömelun vaikutuslaskentatiedot Suomi. Opasnet 2010. (http://fi.opasnet.org/fi/Ymp%C3%A4rist%C3%B6melun_vaikutuslaskentatiedot_Suomi). Viitattu 30.11.2011.
  43. Otto Hänninen, Erkki Kuusisto, Olli Leino: Ympäristön tupakansavu altistus Suomi. Opasnet 2010. (http://fi.opasnet.org/fi/Ymp%C3%A4rist%C3%B6n_tupakansavu_altistus_Suomi). Viitattu 30.11.2011.
  44. Jouni T. Tuomisto: Ytrips Oy. Yhteisöllisen liikennejärjestelmän liiketoimintasuunnitelma. Opasnet 2010. (http://fi.opasnet.org/fi/Ytrips_Oy). Viitattu 30.11.2011.


Other publications (not included in the report)

Unpublished:

  1. Ahtoniemi P, Tainio M, Karvosenoja N, Kupiainen K, Porvari P, Karppinen A, Kangas L, Kukkonen J, Tuomisto JT. Evaluation of intake fractions for different subpopulations due to primary fine particulate matter (PM2.5) emitted from domestic wood combustion and traffic. AirQ. Atm. Health. Submitted.
  2. Pohjola, M.V., Tainio, M., Tuomisto J.T. The properties of good assessment - a review and synthesis of perspectives to model and assessment performance. Environmental Modelling and Software. Submitted.

Other outcomes

Invention notifications

  • None

Patent notifications

  • None
Communication (other than to the scientific community)
Year Type of communication Number
2008 Social media 50
2009 Social media 50
2010 Social media 50

Other impacts of the project

The Scud project succeeded better than hoped for in the beginning. The open assessment method has been tested successfully in several projects, and the Opasnet workspace has been actively used for making scientific assessments. Both the method and the web workspace are being constantly developed within THL. The awareness about open assessment and Opasnet has steadily increased among environmental health researchers in Europe and among promoters of open society and open data in Finland.

Opasnet has a Finnish and an English version; both have been visited more than 400 000 times. The most viewed pages are about an alternative government plan (15 013 views, see also below), ALTTI research project with an indoor air health questionnaire (12 172 views), a municipal solid waste incinerator plan in Hämeenkyrö (6 454), future plans for scouting in eastern Finland (6 452), a benefit-risk assessment on nuclear energy in Finland (5 323), a university course on decision analysis (3 636). As can be seen, the topics cover much more than just environmental health; this is intentional, as complex problems require flexible tools.

The practical results developed, implemented or performed can be divided into four broad groups. A few examples are given about each.

a) Methods (objectives 1-2) that are needed to perform assessments online: discussion rules for contributions, value of information calculations, life tables.
b) Tools to facilitate online work: a flexible database for model inputs and results; software R for online model development, sharing, and runs.
c) Assessments on relevant topics (objective 3): swine flu vaccination strategies, indoor radon and lung cancer, building renovation strategies and moisture-related asthma, sustainability of new bioenergy sources.
d) Policy-relevant discussion papers that are not full assessments but apply the methods of open assessment: a novel tax exemption system for value added tax, open information management of a research institute.

Specific achievements:

  • The Government of Finland wants, according to its 4-year plan, to include environmental health impact assessment to all societal planning and decision making. The related implementation project uses open assessment and Opasnet web workspace to achieve the national goal.
  • During summer and fall 2011, open assessment and Opasnet were used to develop a wiki government plan as an alternative to the official negotiations by Jyrki Katainen. The alternative plan was for months the #1 website in Google search (now it is the first after the official government plan).
  • Opasnet won the World Summit Award Finland competition in 2010. It was about the best e-Content and most innovative ICT applications to make today’s information society more inclusive.

Scud project has ended, but the work continues. We are actively marketing the Scud products and getting new users to Opasnet also outside the current research collaboration.

Project cooperation

Organisation
Form of cooperation 		Country Type of organisation Field of research Description of cooperation
Finnish Meteorological Institute
Research collaboration 		Finland Research institute Environmental health research Collaboration has occurred in several research projects. The objectives have been to assess health impacts of fine particulate matter in different Finnish and international settings. FMI has computed concentrations based on emissions from SYKE, and we have estimated health impacts based on that.
Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE)
Research collaboration 		Finland Research institute Environmental health research Collaboration has occurred in several research projects. The objectives have been to assess health impacts of fine particulate matter in different Finnish and international settings. FMI has computed concentrations based on emissions from SYKE, and we have estimated health impacts based on that.
Harvard School of Public Health
Research collaboration 		United States University Environmental health research We have estimated the exposure-response functions and differential toxicity of fine particulate matter with HSPH and

TUDelft by eliciting expert judgement from European experts.

Delft University of Technology
Research collaboration 		Netherlands University Environmental health research We have estimated the exposure-response functions and differential toxicity of fine particulate matter with HSPH and TUDelft by eliciting expert judgement from European experts.

Descriptions not included in the final report

Several key statements were made.

Key statements about risk assessment and promises about the project.
Statement or promise What was done to achieve the statement or fulfil the promise
Iterative approaches (and stepwise improvement of models) should be used in risk assessment. Opasnet makes it possible to perform assessments that are continuously improved using small increments.
Decisions should be explicitly included in the definition of a particular risk and thus in the risk assessment. Several decision analyses were performed as examples of how to make such assessments online.
Structured deliberation, i.e. formalising decision-risk situations with causal diagrams, should be used to connect formal modelling and free discussions. Causal diagrams are routinely used with open assessments. However, the need to include non-causal elements such as comments and conclusion within the diagrams has decreased, as the wiki hypertext functionality makes this easier than what is was in the beginning with Analytica models.
Preferences, values, and reasonings of scope should be included and explicated. This was one of our main conclusions in Scud, and practices and tools have been developed in open assessment and Opasnet to facilitate this.
Risk comparison methods will be reviewed. (DALY, QALY). This is work that is still ongoing, especially in the Plantlibra project.
Precautionary principle approaches will be explored. This was not done explicitly. However, the discussion functionalities of Opasnet make it possible to start these discussions when relevant for an assessment.
Bayesian methods will be used. Bayesian methods were used in the Beneris project. In addition, R-tools enables different kinds Bayesian methods, although they have not been used within this project.
Expert judgement elicitation will be used. Expert judgement elicitation was used related to exposure-response functions of fine particles, and fine particle toxicity (Cooke et al, 2007; Tuomisto et al 2008).
Existing methods will be more widely used (Monte Carlo, principal component analysis, data management,...) Monte Carlo simulation was routinely used. In addition, sharing computational methods has recently become possible via Opasnet and R-tools. This will reduce thresholds to the use of new methods, as examples and support are more easily available via Opasnet.
Variation and uncertainty will be systematically applied in modelling. This is currently implemented in e.g. the CLAIH assessment.
Value of information approach will be used. Several assessments have used value of information: Composite traffic, Health impact of radon in Europe, Assessment of building policies' effect on dampness and asthma in Europe, Assessment of the health impacts of H1N1 vaccination, CLAIH assessment. A function for calculating VOI was developed for Analytica and R.
Several articles about dioxins, fine particles, structured deliberation and expert judgement will be published. See list of publications.
I will go to work abroad, probably Europe. I have applied a part-time professorship in Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health []. In Cyprus, they have been interested in applying the results produced in Scud.
The four doctoral students will graduate 2006, 2006, 2007, 2008. There has been a delay here: one changed jobs, one graduated 2009, and two are almost ready; they will graduate in 2012. In addition, there are new doctoral students, who are expected to graduate in 2012 and 2014.
We will develop connections to University of Kuopio and SYTYKE graduate school. The principal investigator is a vice member of the SYTYKE board. Active collaboration has been taken place in e.g. Eracedu and Minera projects.
Models and data will be documented clearly and explicitly, and managed and stored carefully. Opasnet has functionalities for this, and most models related to Scud are available and archived in Opasnet.
Everything will be made publicly available except non-public data. Opasnet contains most of the data needed in the assessments. We are working to open up data that is currently classified as non-public.
We will explore the role of scientific uncertainties in a decision-making process with multiple decision-makers. We have several assessments that explicitly look at situations with multiple decision-makes, e.g. CLAIH assessment, Composite traffic.
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