Radon concentrations in European residences

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Question

What are the radon concentrations in European residences, now and in the future?

Answer

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Rationale

Initial data is compiled from National Summary Reports, EnVIE project [1] and UNSCEAR 2000 [2].

Future concentrations are constructed from current concentration data and predicted residence air exchange rates, by using c_n = \frac{a_0+k}{a_n+k}c_0 where c is concentration, a is air exchange rate and k is decay rate (radioactive decay of Rn222). This formula is derived from heande:Category:Lama model for indoor sources, where it has been assumed that the rate of emission of radon from soil is constant.

Original Data

Radon concentrations in dwellings determined in indoor surveys.
Compiled from National Summary Reports, EnVIE project [1] and UNSCEAR 2000 [2].
Country Number of dwellings sampled Period and approx duration of measurement (situation in end 2008) Arithmetic mean (Bq/m3) Population 'dose' (M#*Bq/m3) Geometric mean (Bq/m3) Geometric SD (Bq/m3) Per cent >200 Bq/m3 Per cent >400 Bq/m3 Max obs (Bq/m3)
Albania 120 408 105 2 270
Austria 16000 1991-2002 97 795 61 12 4 8325
Belgium 10447 1995-present 69 718 76 2 2.4 0.5 4500
Bulgaria 30 255 22 250
Croatia 782 2003-05 68 306 7.2 1.8 751
Cyprus 7 6 7 2.6 78
CzechRep 150000 1984-present 140 1428 110 15 2.5 25000
Denmark 3120 1995-96 53 292 64 2.2 2.9 0.2 590
Estonia 120 180 92 1390
Finland 3074 1990-91 120 624 84 2.1 12.3 3.6 33000
France 12261 1980-2003 89 5536 53 2.7 8.5 2 4964
Germany 50000 1978-2003 50 4120 40 1.9 3 1 10000
Greece 1277 1994-98 55 594 44 3.1 1.1 1700
Hungary 107 1081 82 2.7 1990
Ireland 11319 1992-99 89 374 57 7.5 1.5 1924
Italy 5361 1989-1998 70 4060 52 2 4.1 0.9 1036
Latvia
Lithuania 55 204 22 1860
Luxembourg 2619 1993-2002 115 58 70 2 3 2776
Malta
Netherlands 952 1995-96 30 498 25 1.6 0.3 0 382
Norway 37400 1990-99 89 409 40 9 3 50000
Poland 2886 1992-94 49 1887 32 2 2 0.4 3261
Portugal 3317 1988-91 86 920 39 2.2 3558
Romania 45 1022 1025
Slovakia 87 470 3750
Slovenia 892 1993-95 87 174 60 2.2 7.7 2 1890
Spain 5600 1990-2005 90 3645 45 3.7 6 2 15400
Sweden 1360 1991-92 108 972 56 11 3.5 3904
Switzerland 55000 1980-2005 77 585 50 17 7 29705
UK 450000 1980-2005 20 1220 0.5 0.1 17000
Eur weighed average Bq/m3 64.6

Notes.

  • Changes since EnVIE [1]: Bulgaria arithmetic mean added. Data existing in UNSCEAR but not in EnVIE; data was added here: Geometric mean for Luxembourg, Norway, Poland, Slovenia (also GSD), Switzerland.
  • The UNSCEAR data table is on a previous version of this page.
  • Original Excel file: N:\ILMA\_Projects\ENVIE\WP-2

Dependencies

heande:HI:Air exchange rate for European residences

Unit

Bq/m3

Formula

  • Initial concentration data is downloaded from an earlier run, for which the details can be found in the earlier page version under "Formula".

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See also

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 EnVIE: Indoor Air Pollution Exposure. EnVIE project (Co-ordination Action on Indoor Air Quality and Health Effects; Project no. SSPE-CT-2004-502671) Deliverable 2.1 (WP2 Technical Report). KTL, Kuopio, 2008. (on project website) (on Heande website)
  2. 2.0 2.1 UNSCEAR 2000 Report Vol. 1 Sources and effects of ionizing radiation. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation , 2000.

Darby S, Hill D, Auvinen A, Barros-Dios JM, Baysson H, Bochicchio F, Deo H, Falk R, Forastiere F, Hakama M, Heid I, Kreienbrock L, Kreutzer M, Lagarde F, Mäkeläinen I, Muirhead C, Obereigner W, Pershagen G, Ruano-Ravina A, Ruosteenoja E, Schaffrath-Rosario A, Tirmarche M, Tomasek L, Whitley E, Wichmann H-E, Doll R. Radon in homes and lung cancer risk: collaborative analysis of individual data from 13 European case-control studies. British Medical Journal 2005; 330: 223–226.

G. Dubois. An overview of radon surveys in Europe. Luxembourg:Office for Official Publication of the European Communities. ISBN 92-79-01066-2. European communities, 2005

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