ERF of volcanic ash

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Exposure-response function (ERF) of volcanic ash describes toxic properties of the ash derived from a volcanic eruption.

Question

What are toxic properties of the ash derived from a volcanic eruption?

Answer

ERF of volcanic ash(?)

Obs	Disease	Response metric	Exposure route	Exposure metric	Exposure unit	Threshold	ERF parameter	ERF	Description
1	Asthma		inhalation	average time
2	Bronchitis		inhalation	average time

Rationale

Data

24-hour average concentrations of total suspended particulates (TSP) (ug/m3), and number of emergency room visits due to asthma and bronchitis at the two major hospitals in Yakima, May 4 to June 2, 1980. The Environmental Protection Agency's Emergency Action Level for potential health problems due to increased air pollution (derived from the combustion of fossil fuels) is a 24-hour mean concentration of 875 ug/m3 of TSP.

Special issue of volcano eruption and health in AJPH 1986.

• Health effects of volcanoes: an approach to evaluating the health effects of an environmental hazard. Am J Public Health. 1986 Mar;76(3 Suppl):1-90. PubMed PMID: [3].
• Buist AS, Bernstein RS. Health effects of volcanoes: an approach to evaluating the health effects of an environmental hazard. Am J Public Health. 1986 Mar;76(3 Suppl):1-2. PubMed PMID: [4]; PubMed Central PMCID: [5].
• Bernstein RS, Baxter PJ, Buist AS. Introduction to the epidemiological aspects of explosive volcanism. Am J Public Health. 1986 Mar;76(3 Suppl):3-9. Review. PubMed PMID: [6]; PubMed Central PMCID: [7].
• Newhall CG, Fruchter JS. Volcanic activity: a review for health professionals. Am J Public Health. 1986 Mar;76(3 Suppl):10-24. PubMed PMID: [8]; PubMed Central PMCID: [9].
• Bernstein RS, Baxter PJ, Falk H, Ing R, Foster L, Frost F. Immediate public health concerns and actions in volcanic eruptions: lessons from the Mount St. Helens eruptions, May 18-October 18, 1980. Am J Public Health. 1986 Mar;76(3 Suppl):25-37. PubMed PMID: [10]; PubMed Central PMCID: [11].
• Buist AS, Martin TR, Shore JH, Butler J, Lybarger JA. The development of a multidisciplinary plan for evaluation of the long-term health effects of the Mount St. Helens eruptions. Am J Public Health. 1986 Mar;76(3 Suppl):39-44. PubMed PMID: [12]; PubMed Central PMCID: [13].
• Olsen KB, Fruchter JS. Identification of the physical and chemical characteristics of volcanic hazards. Am J Public Health. 1986 Mar;76(3 Suppl):45-52. PubMed PMID: [14]; PubMed Central PMCID: [15].
• Dollberg DD, Bolyard ML, Smith DL. Evaluation of physical health effects due to volcanic hazards: crystalline silica in Mount St. Helens volcanic ash. Am J Public Health. 1986 Mar;76(3 Suppl):53-8. PubMed PMID: [16]; PubMed Central PMCID: [17].
• Martin TR, Wehner AP, Butler J. Evaluation of physical health effects due to volcanic hazards: the use of experimental systems to estimate the pulmonary toxicity of volcanic ash. Am J Public Health. 1986 Mar;76(3 Suppl):59-65. Review. PubMed PMID: [18]; PubMed Central PMCID: [19].
• Buist AS, Bernstein RS, Johnson LR, Vollmer WM. Evaluation of physical health effects due to volcanic hazards: human studies. Am J Public Health. 1986 Mar;76(3 Suppl):66-75. PubMed PMID: [20]; PubMed Central PMCID: [21].
• Shore JH, Tatum EL, Vollmer WM. Evaluation of mental effects of disaster, Mount St. Helens eruption. Am J Public Health. 1986 Mar;76(3 Suppl):76-83. PubMed PMID: [22]; PubMed Central PMCID: [23].
• Baxter PJ, Bernstein RS, Buist AS. Preventive health measures in volcanic eruptions. Am J Public Health. 1986 Mar;76(3 Suppl):84-90. PubMed PMID: [24]; PubMed Central PMCID: [25].

Dependencies

None defined.

Unit

Rate ratio / change in total suspended particles (TSP) in breathing zone.

See also

• Islannin tulivuorenpurkaus 2010