Consumer behaviour

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Utilization

Consumer behavior (use habits, time activity) has a major effect to the level of exposure. The time spent in a specific activity or the amount of product used or the time spent for some activity are examples of the consumer behavior data.

Limitations

There are regional differences in the consumer behavior between the countries, so the data gathered with questionnaires in a specific region describes the behavior of that population. This data can be used for estimation of exposure levels in other regions too, but the effect of the data origins has to be evaluated in the uncertainty of the results.

Data

Information for some European countries based on the national surveys. Access to data is provided through SQL-based Opasnet Base database:

Time use based on activity

Time use based on location

Exposure duration for DMF case

Duration of consumer activities

Fact sheets in ConsExpo tool

Children's Toys Fact Sheet

This fact sheet supplies information on use of children's toys. The use of children's toys is described by classifying the ways in which children can be exposed. Representative examples are chosen for each way in which children can be exposed. Default models are chosen for these examples. The default parameter values are also filled in. Based on these representative example-defaults, it is possible to derive the default values for the exposure of any type of toy.

http://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/612810012.pdf

Cleaning Products Fact Sheet

This fact sheet covers the use of cleaning products by consumers. In the fact sheet 36 product categories are described including laundry detergents, dishwashing products, abrasives and toilet cleaners. For products in these categories, default exposure models and input parameters for these models are suggested.

http://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/320104003.pdf

Cosmetics Fact Sheet

This fact sheet covers the use of cosmetics by consumers. In the fact sheet 35 product categories are described, including shampoo, make-up, lipstick, deodorant and toothpaste. For products in these categories, default exposure models and input parameters for these models are suggested.

http://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/320104001.pdf

Disinfectants Products Fact Sheet

This fact sheet covers the use of disinfectant products by consumers. In the fact sheet nine product categories are described, including algae/green deposit removers, black mould removers, swimming pool disinfectants, veterinary hygiene biocidal products and disinfectants for drinking water, waterbeds, chemical toilets and for rubbish bins. For products in these categories, default exposure models and input parameters for these models are suggested.

http://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/320005003.pdf

Do-it-Yourself Products Fact Sheet

This fact sheet supplies information on the use of Do-it-Yourself products by consumers. The fact sheet covers 6 product types including glues, fillers, sealants, plasters, coatings, and removers showing 26 product categories. For products in these categories, default exposure models and input parameters for these models are suggested.

http://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/320104007.pdf

Paints Products Fact Sheet

This fact sheet supplies information on the use of paint products by consumers. Product categories were developed with the use of default models and default values for several methods of paint application, several types of paints and several types of use. Default exposure assessments for the consumer's exposure to paints, including tool and hand cleaning, can be performed using this fact sheet.

http://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/320104008.pdf

Pest Control Products Fact Sheet

This fact sheet covers the use of pest control products by consumers. In the fact sheet eight product categories are described, including sprays, dusting powders, repellents, electrical evaporators and baits. For products in these categories, default exposure models and input parameters for these models are suggested.

http://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/320005002.pdf

Available time use databases in internet

ExpoFacts
Short description	Contains data from 30 European countries (level of information and time frame is variable between countries and original data source). Data includes information on housing, ingestion, physiology, population and time activity. Data includes at least general food consumption data for infants and adults, children's hand-to-mouth behavioral data, consumption of water, breast milk consumption, home grown food consumption, body length and bodyweight for adults and for children, average energy expenditure (Belgium), total energy expenditure and physical activity in children (UK), physical activity (Germany), respiratory rate in the first 3 years of life (Italy), ventilation rates, air exchange rates, indoor air quality in office buildings, number of dwellings, floor area, number of persons per house, population by 1-year and 5-year age groups, birth and death rates, employment and unemployment information, income and number of households.
Regional coverage	Europe

Multinational time use study
Short description	Multinational Time Use Study (MTUS) was first developed in the early 1980s at the University of Bath, when Professor Jonathan Gershuny, then working with Sally Jones, observed the potential to harmonise time use datasets collected in the early 1960s through the mid 1980s into a single dataset with common series of background variables and total time spent per day in 41 activities for analysis with the 1965 Szalai Multinational Time Budget Study. The MTUS has grown to encompass over 50 datasets from 19 countries, and is now incorporating recent data from the HETUS, ATUS, and other national level time use projects. Data included is available from EU and U.S. Data is provided in SPSS form and there is free registration demanded. Some of the data is restricted and use of it may be prohibited.
Regional coverage	USA, Europe

The American Heritage Time Use Study
Short description	The American Heritage Time Use Study (AHTUS), a database of national time-diary samples collected over five decades, includes harmonized background, activity, location, mode of transport and who else was present variables. Free registration and ONLY U.S. data. Includes data from NHANES and ATUS studies. Data is in SPSS files, so you have to have a program to open them.
Regional coverage	USA

UK Time use survey
Short description	Includes 28 for UK time activity survey for year 2000 and 16 data tables for year 2005. The main aim of the Time Use survey (TUS) is to measure the amount of time spent by the UK population on various activities.
Regional coverage	UK

Time use studies
Short description	Web page that contains references to available time use studies, and provides a short description of them with possible links to the data source. Some of the data are included in other databases, like HETUS, AHTUS and MTUS, but this provides good overall look for the time use studies completed.
Regional coverage

MTUS
Short description	Multinational Time Use Study (MTUS) was first developed in the early 1980s at the University of Bath, when Professor Jonathan Gershuny, then working with Sally Jones, observed the potential to harmonise time use datasets collected in the early 1960s through the mid 1980s into a single dataset with common series of background variables and total time spent per day in 41 activities for analysis with the 1965 Szalai Multinational Time Budget Study. The MTUS has grown to encompass over 50 datasets from 19 countries, and is now incorporating recent data from the HETUS, ATUS, and other national level time use projects. Data included is available from EU and U.S. Data is provided in SPSS form and there is free registration demanded. Some of the data is restricted and use of it may be prohibited.
Regional coverage

HETUS
Short description	Harmonized European time use surveys (HETUS) includes time activity data as pre prepared tables for mean time spent on Main and Secondary activities and Participation rates for Main activities during an average day, by Sex and Country and addition to that, user can create tables for his own interest. There are also links to the time-use statistics of countries included.
Regional coverage	Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Norway, Sweden, Spain, UK, Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Belgium, Lithuania, Poland, Republic of Slovenia

Finnish time use survey
Short description	The Time Use Survey has been carried out three times. The first survey was made in autumn 1979 and the next one in 1987/1988. The latest survey, 1999/2000, is part of the European Time Use Survey harmonized (HETUS) under the direction of Eurostat, the Statistical Office of the European Communities. The first two surveys were based on individual samples. In the newest survey the data were collected from all over 10-year-old members of the household. Household samples also allow study of intra-household time use. The material contains more than 10,000 survey days. The primary and secondary activities as recorded by the respondents themselves were coded according to a 185-category activity classification. The diary data also cover the time spent together and the location of activity. Background variables for time use data included e.g. sex, age, stage of life, socio-economic group, province, season and day of the week.
Regional coverage

Exposure Factors Handbook
Short description	This is not an actually database, but there are references and tables from several studies, which can be used for average values. Geographical area for the data is U.S. Time activity data is referred as Activity factors and there are data available at least for time spent in various activities, time spent in traffic, time spent in work and school and time spent in different locations at home. Ingestion data is divided to the following groups: Drinking water intake, soil ingestion, intake of fruits and vegetables, intake of fish and shellfish, intake of meat and dairy products, intake of grain products, intake rates of various home produced food items and breast milk intake. Physiological data included are: Body surface area, body weight and inhalation rate. Housing data included are: Volumes, surface areas, mechanical systems and types of foundations. General population data included is lifetime.
Regional coverage

CHAD
Short description	Consolidated Human Activity Database (CHAD) contains data obtained from pre-existing human activity studies that were collected at city, state, and national levels (ONLY U.S. data). CHAD is a master database providing access to other human activity databases using a consistent format. This facilitates access and retrieval of activity/and questionnaire information from those databases that EPA currently has access to-and-uses-in its various regulatory analyses undertaken by program offices. Data can be downloaded to own computer (dat files or access files, which are installed as a runtime version of the database) and it includes following data (U.S. level data only as Baltimore Data, Denver Data, NHAPS Data, California Data, Washington,D.C. Data, Valdez Data, Cincinnati Data, Elementary Kids Data and High School Kids Data).
Regional coverage	USA