Cardiovascular diseases in Europe
Scope
Cardiovascular morbidity/mortality describes the number of additional cases of cardiovascular morbidity or mortality due to emissions from the Schiphol airport in the Netherlands.
Description
Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality has been associated with noise as well as with air pollution exposure.
Cardiovascular morbidity can include a variety of related endpoints including hypertension, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction etc. We make use of existing review papers on this subject to select ERFs. Please note that this is not the 'formal' and appropriate way to make a selection of ERfs, see protocol WP 1.3.
References
- Van Kempen et al (2005), Selection and evaluation of exposure-effectrelationships for health impact assessment in the field of noise and health
- Van Kempen et al (2002) The association between noise exposure and blood pressure and ischemic heart disease: a meta-analysis
- Anderson HR et al. Meta-analysis of time-series and panel studies of Particulate Matter (PM) and Ozone (O3): report of a WHO task group. WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2004. Accessed 11 November 2005.
Definition
Causality
- We need the noise exposure in dB(A)
- We need the air pollution (pm2.5,O3, CO?) exposure in microgram/m3
List of parents:
Data
Formula
Noise and hypertension: A relative risk of noise exposure per 5 dB(A) and the prevalence of hypertension of 1.26 (95% CI 1.14-1.39) was chosen
PM10 and cardiovascular mortality (all ages) A relative risk of PM10 per 10 microgram/m3 and cardiovascular mortality of 1.009 (1.005-1.013) was chosen
Ozone (8-hour) and cardiovascular mortality (all ages) A relative risk of Ozone per 10 microgram/m3 and cardiovascular mortality of 1.004 (1.003-1.005) was chosen
Unit
Result
We can also make use of the following:
- Particles < 2.5 µm
| Health endpoints | Risk group fraction | Factor to be multiplied by accumulated exposure to get the cases of physical impacts (1 per t of emissions) |
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy reduction - YOLLchronic | Adults_30andAbove | 4,557E-04 |
| New cases of chronic bronchitis (1) | Adults_27andAbove | 3,731E-05 |
| Restricted activity days (RADs) | Adults_15_to_64_years | 6,061E-02 |
| Work loss days (WLD) | Adults_15_to_64_years | 1,391E-02 |
| Minor restricted activity days (MRAD) | Adults_18_to_64_years | 3,693E-02 |
- Particles < 10 µm
| Health endpoints | Risk group fraction | Factor to be multiplied by accumulated exposure to get the cases of physical impacts (1 per t of emissions) |
|---|---|---|
| Respiratory hospital admissions | Total | 7,030E-06 |
| Cardiac hospital admissions | Total | 4,340E-06 |
| Medication use / bronchodilator use | Children_PEACE_criteria_for_asthma_5_to_14 | 4,032E-04 |
| Medication use / bronchodilator use | Adults_20andAbove_asthmatics | 2,234E-02 |
| Lower respiratory symptoms (adult) | Adults_symptomatic_adults | 3,185E-02 |
| Lower respiratory symptoms (child) | Children_5_to_14_years | 2,083E-02 |
- Ozone
| Health endpoints | Risk group fraction | Factor to be multiplied by accumulated exposure to get the cases of physical impacts (1 per t of emissions) |
|---|---|---|
| Increased mortality risk | Total | 8,219E-07 |
| Respiratory hospital admissions | Elderly_65andAbove | 5,411E-09 |
| MRAD | Adults_18_to_64_years | 2,016E-05 |
| Medication use / bronchodilator use | Adults_20andAbove_asthmatics | 4,900E-05 |
| LRS excluding cough | Children_5_to_14_years | 4,910E-06 |
| Cough days | Children_5_to_14_years | 2,854E-05 |
(Please notice that these data are newly developed by NEEDS and not yet published!!!!!)