Concentrations of beneficial nutrients in fish

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Scope

Concentrations of beneficial nutrients in fish describes concentrations of nutrient (such as omega-3 fatty acids (EPA + DHA + fatty acid 18:3 n-3)) in fish.R↻ Concentrations of sea and freshwater fish species are studied separately.

Definition

Data

Concentrations of beneficial nutrients in fish extracted from [1], where they are indicated as mass units/100 g fish analysed.

Concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids in fish extracted from [1], where they are indicated as mass units/100 g fish analysed. Criteria for choosing the fish preparation method used prior the analyses:

  1. one that is presumed as a common one used by the Finnish consumers (roasting), and
  2. also as available for most of the fish in the database.

The data for omega-3 fatty acids was reported as mean values of the fish species[2]. D↷

  • Omega-3 fatty acids, mg/g, as sum of n-3 PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acids) precursors ALA (alphalinoleic acid), EPA (eicosapanthenic acid), and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid). DPA (docosapentaenoic acid) not available in the database.
  • Omega-3 fatty acids, mg/g, as DHA and EPA only.
    • Vitamin D, ug/g
    • Vitamin E, mg/g
    • Selenium, ug/g
    • Iodine, ug/g
    • Group B vitamins, mg/g, as sum of B1 (tiamin), B2 (riboflavin), B6 (pyridoxin), B12 (cyanokobalamin) and niacin as its eqvivalents NE. D↷

The most commonly consumed fish species are described: Farmed salmon, wild salmon, herring, white fish, sprat, perch, flounder, pike-perch, bream, pike, vendace and burbot. Concentration data for imported fish in Finland is not available in many cases. D↷

Causality

List of parents:

  • None

Unit

Data 1

mass units/100 g fish analysed

Data 2

mg/kg in fresh weight

Data 3

mg/g fish

Formula

Data 1

Analytica_id: <anacode> (((490+232)+491)/100) (17.5/100) (3.1/100) (17.9/100) (45/100) (((((5.7+0.16)+0.02)+11.3)+0.24)/100) (((490+232)+491)/100) (17.5/100) (3.1/100) (17.9/100) (45/100) (((((5.7+0.16)+0.02)+11.3)+0.24)/100) (((669+204)+404)/100) (13.1/100) (2.9/100) (21.9/100) (75.6/100) 0.000e+000 (((388+238)+445)/100) 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 (((441+40)+194)/100) (3/100) (2/100) (22.2/100) (33.9/100) (((((5.4+0.08)+0.09)+1.7)+0.23)/100) (((583+369)+1100)/100) 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 (((3+124)+122)/100) 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 (((413+55)+249)/100) 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 (((5+102)+280)/100) 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 (((539+308)+895)/100) 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 (((13+92)+301)/100) 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 (((225+1014)+2028)/100) 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 0.000e+000</anacode>

Data 2

<anacode>Table(Substances,Fishspecies)( (10K*Triangular(1.467,1.577,1.615)),(10K*Triangular(1.467,1.467,1.615)), (10K*Uniform(0.785,1.173)), (10K*Normal(0.783,(0.1*0.783))),(10K*Uniform(0.785,1.173)),(10K*Normal(0.303,(0.1*0.303))), (10K*Normal(0.422,(0.1*0.422))),(10K*Normal(0.406,(0.1*0.406))),(10K*Normal(0.493,(0.1*0.493))), (10K*Normal(0.292,(0.1*0.292))), (10K*Normal(0.751,(0.1*0.751))),(10K*Normal(0.201,(0.1*0.201))), (10K*Triangular(1.467,1.467,1.577)),(10K*Normal(0.783,(0.1*0.783))), (10K*Normal(0.303,(0.1*0.303))), (10K*Normal(0.406,(0.1*0.406))),(10K*Normal(0.493,(0.1*0.493))),(10K*Normal(0.292,(0.1*0.292))), (10K*Normal(0.751,(0.1*0.751))),(10K*Normal(0.201,(0.1*0.201))), (Mercury*Mehg_proportion),(Mercury*Mehg_proportion),(Mercury*Mehg_proportion), (Mercury*Mehg_proportion), (Mercury*Mehg_proportion),(Mercury*Mehg_proportion),(Mercury*Mehg_proportion),(Mercury*Mehg_proportion), (Mercury*Mehg_proportion),(Mercury*Mehg_proportion),(Mercury*Mehg_proportion),(Mercury*Mehg_proportion), (Mercury*Mehg_proportion), (Mercury*Mehg_proportion),(Mercury*Mehg_proportion),(Mercury*Mehg_proportion), (Mercury*Mehg_proportion),(Mercury*Mehg_proportion), (Mercury*Mehg_proportion),(Mercury*Mehg_proportion) ) </anacode>


Narrative description

  • There are no separate data for farmed and for wild salmon. Therefore they are assumed to be the same.
  • There are no data for vendace(sea), so assumption is that the parameters are the same as vendace(inland)
  • There are no data for bream(sea), so assumption is that the parameters are the same as bream(inland)
  • There are no data for wild salmon(inland), so assumption is that the parameters are the same as wildsalmon(sea)

First, the mercury data was used to form lognormal distributions for each species with parameters median and geometric standard deviation. Secondly, the proportion of methylmercury from total mercury was taken into account. Methylmercury proportion is assumed to follow triangular distribution (author judgement) with parameters (min=0.81, mode=0.93,max=0,98). D↷


The omega-3 distributions chosen by author judgement. Concentration distributions were formed according to amount of data. a) If 3 or more data points -> triangular distribution, b) if 2 data points -> uniform distribution, c) if 1 data point -> normal distribution D↷

Sprat: omega-3 concentration(sprat) = omega-3 concentration(herring) closely related species, assumed to have similar composition


Data 3

Narrative description

Since there are only mean concentration values available exponential distribution has been chosen to model the concentration of DHA and concentration of EPA in various sea and inland fish species.

Moreover, the Fineli database[1] provides concentrations of nutrients in species caught mostly in the Baltic Sea (except vendace which was caught in inland waters). Thus, the concentration data for some of the species chosen is not available. Therefore, it has been assumed that the DHA (EPA) concentration in sea and freshwater species is the same.


Result

Data 1

Fish species Omega-3-PUFA contents, mg/g Vitamin D, ug/g Vitamin E, mg/g Selenium, ug/g Iodine, ug/g Group B vitamins, mg/g,
Baltic herring (Clupea harengus membras) 12.13 0.17 0.03 0.18 0.45 0.17
Herring (Clupea harengus) 12.13 0.17 0.03 0.18 0.45 0.17
Vendace (Coregonus albula) 12.77 0.13 0.03 0.22 0.76 0.00
Whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) 10.71
Pike (Esox lucius) 6.75 0.03 0.02 0.22 0.34 0.08
Rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) 20.52
Shrimp (Pandalus sp.) 2.49
Perch (Perca fluviatilis) 7.17
Saithe (Pollachius virens) 3.87
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) 17.42
Pike-perch (Sander lucioperca) 4.06
Tuna (Thunnus thynnus) 32.67


Data 2

Fish species Omega-3 concentration
Farmed salmon (sea+inland) 1.553e+004
Wild salmon 1.516e+004
Herring(sea) 9790
White fish(sea) 7830
Sprat(sea) 9790
Perch(sea) 3030
Flounder(sea) 4220
Pike-perch(sea) 4060
Bream(sea) 4930
Pike(sea) 2920
Vendace(sea) 7510
Burbot(sea) 2010
Wild salmon(inland) 1.504e+004
White fish(inland) 7830
Perch(inland) 3030
Pike-perch(inland) 4060
Bream(inland) 4930
Pike(inland) 2920
Vendace(inland) 7510
Burbot(inland) 2010


Data 3

Fish species Mean DHA concentration Mean EPA concentration
Baltic Herring 4.82 2.27
Vendace(inland) 4.09 2.06
Vendace(sea) 4.09 2.06
Whitefish(inland) 4.93 2.63
Whitefish(sea) 4.93 2.63
Pike(inland) 2.17 0.44
Pike(sea) 2.17 0.44
Perch(inland) 2.45 0.54
Perch(sea) 2.45 0.54
Atlantic Salmon 10.02 3.45
Pike-perch(inland) 3.01 0.92
Pike-perch(sea) 3.01 0.92


References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 the Fineli database [1]
  2. ↑ Omega-3 fatty acids: database of fineli (www.ktlwww.ktl.fi/fineli)
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