Prices of fuels in heat production: Difference between revisions

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Question

What are prices of fuel used in heat production in own heating systems in apartments and in plants in Finland?

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Answer

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library(OpasnetUtils)

objects.latest("Op_en4151", code_name="fuelPrice")

oprint(EvalOutput(fuelPrice))

Rationale

Fuel prices(€ /MWh)
Obs	Fuel	1985	1995	2005	2015	2025	2035	2045	2055	2065	Description
1	Coal	8.5	9.41	13.78	30.31	33.5	37.0	40.9	45.1	49.8	CAGR 1.0 %.
2	Gas	9.1	11.6	16.2	42.90	56.5	74.5	98.2	129.5	170.7	CAGR 2.8 %.
3	Natural gas	9.1	11.6	16.2	42.90	56.5	74.5	98.2	129.5	170.7	CAGR 2.8 %.
4	Oil	40	40	40	40	40	40	40	40	40	CAGR 1.0 %.
5	Crude oil	40	40	40	40	40	40	40	40	40
6	Fuel oil	40	40	40	40	40	40	40	40	40
7	Heavy oil	40	40	40	40	40	40	40	40	40
8	Light oil	15.2	24.5	54.6	92.1	60	60	60	60	60	1995, 2005, 2015 actual values. 1985 value presumed to be similar to 1988 value.
9	Bio	50	50	50	50	50	50	50	50	50
10	Biofuel	50	50	50	50	50	50	50	50	50
11	Electricity	40	40	40	40	40	50	50	50	50
12	Heat	60	60	60	60	60	60	60	60	60
13	Cooling	60	60	60	60	60	60	60	60	60

All prices are in 2015 euros.

All 2015 fuel prices are actual prices from March 2015, all 2005 values are actual prices from March 2005, all 1995 values are presumed to be similar to the 1998 values. 1985 values estimated from 1995 values. Statistics Finland^[1].

All Compound Annual Growth Rates (CAGR) from U.S. Energy Information Administration's "Annual Energy Outlook 2015 with projections to 2040" ^[2].

Price of electricity [1].D↷

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## This is code Op_en4151/fuelPrice on page Prices of fuels in heat production
library(OpasnetUtils)

fuelPrice <- Ovariable("fuelPrice", ddata = "Op_en4151", subset = "Fuel prices")

objects.store(fuelPrice)
cat("Ovariable fuelPrice stored.\n")

This page includes prices for electricity, district heating, liquid fuels and consumer prices of hard coal, natural gas and domestic fuels in heat production in Finland. all data is based on knowledge of Statistics Finland In the end of data section there will be also data for maintenance and investment costs!!

Prices of energy in Finland in Stat.^[1]

Data

Price of district heating

Table 1. Price of District Heating by Type of Consumer¹⁾, €/MWh

Date	Type of Consumer
	Detached house	Semidetached house (rivitalo)	Apartment building, small	Apartment building	Apartment building, large
1.1.1996	35.37	32.31	31.89	30.80	28.19
1.7.1996	35.55	32.71	31.96	31.13	28.49
1.1.1997	36.41	33.62	32.88	31.99	29.42
1.7.1997	36.55	33.82	32.83	32.09	29.60
1.1.1998	37.30	34.63	33.62	32.71	30.22
1.7.1998	37.35	34.38	33.50	33.07	30.17
1.1.1999	37.83	34.81	34.21	32.91	30.59
1.7.1999	37.94	34.95	34.34	32.98	30.53
1.1.2000	38.18	35.55	35.08	33.76	30.95
1.7.2000	38.62	36.35	35.89	34.55	31.55
1.1.2001	40.42	38.60	38.08	36.77	33.49
1.7.2001	41.17	39.39	38.35	37.24	34.09
1.1.2002	42.11	40.09	39.30	37.73	34.66
1.7.2002	42.60	40.54	39.63	38.11	35.20
1.1.2003	43.75	40.94	40.11	38.64	35.33
1.7.2003	43.97	41.05	40.20	38.62	35.52
1.1.2004	44.68	41.27	40.49	38.22	35.59
1.7.2004	44.50	41.93	41.03	38.85	36.25
1.1.2005	46.59	43.11	42.29	40.34	37.99
1.7.2005	46.67	43.40	42.66	40.68	38.18
1.1.2006	49.33	46.35	45.52	43.11	40.51
1.7.2006	49.93	47.42	46.49	44.20	41.56
1.1.2007	51.59	48.08	47.43	45.11	42.49
1.7.2007	51.92	48.95	47.71	45.44	42.76
1.1.2008	54.89	52.02	50.68	48.40	45.51
1.7.2008	55.92	53.45	52.01	49.85	47.22
1.1.2009	61.91	58.96	57.87	55.76	53.22
1.7.2009	69.25	63.45	62.68	60.77	58.47
1.1.2010	71.62	65.72	64.96	62.87	60.28

¹⁾ The above price data represent overall prices, including the various charges collected ('energy' charge, 'basic' charge, value added tax 22% etc.). The prices are averages for each type of consumer, weighted by the number of consumers served by the plants members of the Association of Finnish Energy Industries / District Heating.

Table 2. Type of consumer. Source: Finnish Energy Industries

Type of consumer	Building volume, m3	Energy consumption, MWh/a
Detached house	500	20
Semidetached house	2 000	100
Apartment building, small	5 000	225
Apartment building	10 000	450
Apartment building, big	25 000	1 125

Price of electricity

Table 3. Price of Electricity by Type of Consumer¹⁾, c/kWh (Prices include electrical energy, the distribution of electricity, and taxes.)

Date	Household		Farm	Electric Heating
	Flat	Detached House		Direct	Accumulating
1.4.1999	9.67	8.59	8.09	6.49	5.57
1.7.1999	9.57	8.58	8.04	6.44	5.52
1.9.1999	9.52	8.53	7.99	6.42	5.50
1.11.1999	9.50	8.51	7.97	6.41	5.48
1.1.2000	9.47	8.48	7.93	6.37	5.47
1.4.2000	9.45	8.46	7.90	6.35	5.45
1.7.2000	9.44	8.44	7.83	6.33	5.44
1.9.2000	9.44	8.41	7.79	6.31	5.43
1.11.2000	9.47	8.41	7.79	6.30	5.41
1.1.2001	9.48	8.42	7.78	6.30	5.42
1.4.2001	9.50	8.43	7.77	6.31	5.43
1.7.2001	9.77	8.64	7.97	6.44	5.57
1.9.2001	9.92	8.75	8.10	6.58	5.73
1.11.2001	10.04	8.84	8.18	6.66	5.81
1.1.2002	10.11	8.90	8.25	6.75	5.92
1.4.2002	10.14	8.92	8.26	6.77	5.94
1.7.2002	10.18	8.94	8.29	6.78	5.96
1.9.2002	10.34	9.05	8.38	6.80	5.98
1.11.2002	10.39	9.08	8.41	6.82	6.01
1.1.2003	10.77	9.38	8.65	7.08	6.25
1.4.2003	11.60	9.98	9.23	7.75	6.89
1.7.2003	11.63	9.96	9.28	7.79	6.94
1.9.2003	11.66	9.99	9.30	7.80	6.95
1.11.2003	11.71	10.05	9.36	7.83	6.98
1.1.2004	11.77	10.10	9.43	7.88	7.05
1.4.2004	11.60	9.90	9.28	7.73	6.94
1.7.2004	11.56	9.85	9.25	7.69	6.90
1.9.2004	11.56	9.85	9.24	7.68	6.90
1.11.2004	11.54	9.82	9.22	7.65	6.87
1.1.2005	11.52	9.81	9.22	7.66	6.89
1.4.2005	11.37	9.69	9.12	7.57	6.84
1.7.2005	11.28	9.63	9.08	7.52	6.80
1.9.2005	11.44	9.74	9.18	7.66	6.94
1.11.2005	11.57	9.83	9.26	7.74	7.01
1.1.2006	11.76	9.97	9.40	7.90	7.18
1.4.2006	11.79	10.01	9.44	7.97	7.24
1.7.2006	12.00	10.17	9.59	8.13	7.41
1.9.2006	12.25	10.42	9.82	8.31	7.55
1.11.2006	12.31	10.47	9.88	8.36	7.59
1.1.2007	12.53	10.69	10.10	8.56	7.78
1.4.2007	12.45	10.59	9.99	8.47	7.72
1.7.2007	12.35	10.51	9.92	8.38	7.64
1.9.2007	12.40	10.57	9.98	8.45	7.71
1.11.2007	12.56	10.72	10.11	8.49	7.75
1.1.2008	13.16	11.29	10.64	9.10	8.35
1.4.2008	13.30	11.56	10.94	9.41	8.68
1.7.2008	13.67	11.78	11.15	9.58	8.86
1.9.2008	13.96	12.05	11.41	9.91	9.19
1.11.2008	14.21	12.29	11.64	10.15	9.45
1.1.2009	14.61	12.45	11.77	10.25	9.52
1.4.2009	14.91	12.51	11.82	10.30	9.56
1.7.2009	15.04	12.59	11.91	10.25	9.49
1.9.2009	14.86	12.43	11.74	10.12	9.36
1.11.2009	14.65	12.60	11.92	10.33	9.60

¹⁾ The prices are tax-inclusive averages weighted by the sales volumes of liable electricity retailers. On 1 January 1997, taxes on the energy sources of electricity generation were abandoned, while taxes and a precautionary stock fee on electricity consumption were taken into use.

Types of consumer(Source: Energy Market Authority (Electricity Market Authority)):

1. Apartment house, consumption 2 000 kWh/a, fuse 1 x 25 A

2. Detached house 5 000 kWh/a, 3 x 25 A

3. Agriculture 10 000 kWh/a, 3 x 35 A

4. Detached house, direct electric heating, 18 000 kWh/a (whereof 8 000 kWh by night), 3 x 25 A

5. Detached house, partly accumulating electric heating, 20 000 kWh/a (whereof 14 400 kWh by night), 3 x 25 A

6. Small-scale industry, 1-shift enterprise, 150 MWh/a (whereof 35 MWh by night), charged capacity 75 kW, effective time of capacity use 2 000 h/a

7. Medium-scale industry, 2-shift, 2 000 MWh/a (whereof 625 MWh by night),500 kW, 4 000 h

8. Medium-scale industry, 2-shift, 10 000 MWh/a (whereof 3 130 MWh by night), 2 500 kW, 4 000 h

Prices of domestic fuels

Table 4. Consumer Prices of Hard Coal, Natural Gas and Domestic Fuels in Heat Production (VAT not included)

	Hard Coal¹⁾		Natural Gas²⁾			Milled peat³⁾	Sod Peat³⁾		Fuel Chips⁴⁾	Forest Chips⁵⁾	Wood pellet⁶⁾
Month	On the Coast				Quarter	Delivered	At Production Site	Delivered	Delivered	Delivered	Consumer price (incl. VAT)	Index
	€/t	€/MWh	€/1000 m3 (0° C)	€/MWh		€/MWh	€/MWh	€/MWh	€/MWh	€/MWh	c/kWh	2005=100
9/1999	70.66	9.97	118.57	11.85	Q3/1999	8.98	6.92	8.96	7.57
12/1999	73.05	10.30	124.29	12.44	Q4/1999	8.93	6.98	9.05	7.74
3/2000	73.66	10.39	128.50	12.85	Q1/2000	8.88	7.07	9.12	7.74
6/2000	76.33	10.77	127.82	12.78	Q2/2000	8.87	6.97	9.08	7.74
9/2000	79.18	11.17	133.04	13.31	Q3/2000	8.93	6.99	9.18	7.74
12/2000	84.31	11.89	163.82	16.38	Q4/2000	9.01	7.09	9.28	7.74
3/2001	83.08	11.72	163.98	16.39	Q1/2001	9.13	7.16	9.44	8.07
6/2001	91.72	12.94	158.10	15.82	Q2/2001	9.21	7.27	9.54	8.20
9/2001	88.27	12.45	158.26	15.82	Q3/2001	9.21	7.27	8.97	8.13
12/2001	87.61	12.36	156.75	15.68	Q4/2001	9.16	7.44	9.32	8.40
3/2002	89.01	12.55	149.79	14.98	Q1/2002	9.17	7.52	9.41	9.00
6/2002	81.98	11.56	151.85	15.19	Q2/2002	9.19	7.52	9.46	9.08
9/2002	78.78	11.11	154.66	15.47	Q3/2002	9.05	7.57	9.11	9.01
12/2002	79.91	11.27	156.74	15.67	Q4/2002	9.17	7.62	9.57	9.37
3/2003	81.42	11.48	162.54	16.25	Q1/2003	9.28	7.73	9.73	9.85
6/2003	78.13	11.02	160.84	16.08	Q2/2003	9.27	7.73	9.75	9.95
9/2003	81.37	11.48	157.64	15.76	Q3/2003	9.49	8.03	10.08	10.12
12/2003	82.04	11.57	156.44	15.64	Q4/2003	9.35	8.01	9.97	9.82
3/2004	84.88	11.97	151.64	15.16	Q1/2004	9.37	8.04	10.05	9.73
6/2004	94.93	13.39	152.84	15.28	Q2/2004	9.37	8.05	10.00	9.63
9/2004	95.98	13.54	158.04	15.80	Q3/2004	9.65	8.50	10.63	9.63
12/2004	94.98	13.40	160.84	16.08	Q4/2004	9.70	8.60	10.93	10.19
3/2005	97.72	13.78	162.24	16.22	Q1/2005	9.78	8.69	11.24	10.64
6/2005	94.33	13.30	169.64	16.96	Q2/2005	9.81	8.68	11.23	10.62
9/2005	94.63	13.35	181.64	18.16	Q3/2005	8.15	7.05	9.57	10.56
12/2005	95.77	13.51	194.14	19.41	Q4/2005	8.05	7.22	10.21	10.51
3/2006	95.25	13.43	226.94	22.69	Q1/2006	8.13	7.36	10.59	11.41
6/2006	93.65	13.21	227.84	22.78	Q2/2006	8.13	7.48	10.95	11.50
9/2006	98.80	13.94	226.94	22.69	Q3/2006	8.24	7.49	10.96	11.53
12/2006	101.34	14.29	228.84	22.88	Q4/2006	8.13	7.46	10.85	11.82
3/2007	97.92	13.81	216.54	21.65	Q1/2007	8.26	7.79	11.54	12.22	12.66
6/2007	96.81	13.65	218.54	21.85	Q2/2007	8.30	7.82	11.61	12.32	12.81
9/2007	98.90	13.95	226.44	22.64	Q3/2007	8.53	7.92	11.71	12.43	12.79
12/2007	109.76	15.48	243.04	24.30	Q4/2007	8.52	7.95	11.76	..	13.21
3/2008	128.52	18.13	264.80	26.48	Q1/2008	8.47	8.72	12.58	..	13.41
6/2008	139.48	19.67	284.40	28.44	Q2/2008	8.47	8.72	12.58	..	13.94
9/2008	152.95	21.57	318.40	31.84	Q3/2008	10.92	8.72	13.30	..	14.05
12/2008	163.64	23.11	319.60	31.96	Q4/2008	10.94	..	13.34	..	15.16	4.81	151.6
3/2009	126.21	17.83	281.50	28.15	Q1/2009	11.08	..	13.02	..	16.78	4.89	154.1
6/2009	110.96	15.67	253.60	25.36	Q2/2009	10.80	..	14.52	..	17.53	5.25	166.0
9/2009	106.10	14.99	267.10	26.71	Q3/2009	10.16	..	13.11		18.73	5,20 **	164,5 **
12/2009	103.63	14.64	280.40	28.04	Q4/2009	10.16	..	13.11		17.96	5.32	168.5

¹⁾ Hard coal: the price is based on the average import price (customs tariff CN 2701 12 90) plus taxes and charges as well as handling and transportation costs. Price on the coast: unloaded on wharf at customer's own harbour. Thermal value: 7,08 MWh/t.

²⁾ Natural gas: until 12/2000, average contract price. Since 3/2001, type of consumer T8, see table 7. The prices include an excise tax and a precautionary stock fee.Thermal value: 10,0 MWh/1000 m3.

³⁾ Peat: The prices are averages weighted by the deliveries of certain member companies of the Confederation of Peat Industries and, therefore, vary according to consumer dependingon the transportation distance and/or contract terms. The price of delivered peat includes a transportation distance of 100 km for milled peat and 50 km for sod peat. Until the second quarter of 2005 the prices include an excise tax, which applies to plants with an annual minimum peat consumption of 25 GWh. Thermal values: milled peat 0,9 MWh/m3, sod peat 1,4 MWh/m3.The price of delivered sod peat in the second quarter of 2008 is an estimate as there was not a sufficient number of deliveries.

⁴⁾ Fuel chips: Sample includes both forest residue chips and industrial wood residue chips. Delivered, transportation distance not specified. The prices are not valid for the whole country.

⁵⁾ Forest Chips: Enquiry definitions: Delivered, transportation distance 50 kilometres. Crushed stumps not included.Chipped/crushed product, sold on real markets (shipments within a corporate group not included). Nevertheless, includes small amounts of crushed stumps and unchipped shipments.

⁶⁾ Wood pellet for households, I-class, 6-8 mm, batch size 5 tons.

Source:Foreign Trade Statistics, Gasum Oy, Association of Finnish Peat Industries, Statistics Finland/ Environment and Energy

Prices of liquid fuels

Table 5. Consumer Prices of Liquid Fuels (includes VAT)¹⁾

Month	Motor Gasoline	Diesel fuel	Light fuel oil		Heavy fuel oil
	c/l	c/l	c/l	€/MWh	c/kg	€/MWh
3/1998	95.0	65.9	26.9	27.0	18.0	15.8
6/1998	95.2	63.1	25.2	25.3	18.0	15.8
9/1998	94.9	62.9	25.9	26.0	18.1	15.8
12/1998	86.8	62.9	22.9	23.0	16.8	14.8
3/1999	92.2	63.1	25.9	26.0	17.7	15.5
6/1999	99.6	65.3	26.6	26.7	20.2	17.7
9/1999	104.9	70.8	32.1	32.3	24.8	21.7
12/1999	108.3	78.9	35.8	36.0	25.8	22.5
3/2000	114.0	83.1	38.7	38.9	30.4	26.6
6/2000	123.6	82.7	39.4	39.5	31.2	27.2
9/2000	117.4	91.7	54.2	54.4	34.3	30.1
12/2000	104.9	89.8	47.3	47.5	32.6	28.6
3/2001	111.2	82.2	40.4	40.6	27.9	24.4
6/2001	117.6	82.4	44.1	44.3	28.5	24.9
9/2001	112.5	82.4	42.9	43.1	28.6	25.1
12/2001	98.4	77.7	32.3	32.4	24.9	21.8
3/2002	103.3	77.9	37.3	37.5	27.3	23.9
6/2002	107.4	77.3	34.8	34.9	27.8	24.3
9/2002	111.2	79.6	39.2	39.4	30.8	27.0
12/2002	103.6	79.2	38.8	39.0	29.1	25.5
3/2003	114.0	95.0	49.1	49.3	33.1	29.0
6/2003	110.4	75.5	36.1	36.3	27.4	24.0
9/2003	109.2	78.0	36.1	36.3	28.6	25.0
12/2003	103.8	77.6	37.0	37.2	26.6	23.3
3/2004	110.6	79.9	39.5	39.4	27.1	23.7
6/2004	113.6	79.8	42.7	42.6	29.9	26.2
9/2004	116.5	88.0	48.3	48.2	29.3	25.7
12/2004	111.2	91.1	44.9	44.8	28.0	24.5
3/2005	112.7	93.4	54.3	54.2	33.7	29.6
6/2005	120.6	97.0	60.7	60.6	38.3	33.6
9/2005	135.1	104.4	66.0	65.8	45.5	39.8
12/2005	123.0	100.9	60.7	60.6	43.4	38.0
3/2006	124.4	101.8	63.7	63.6	45.4	39.8
6/2006	133.3	103.1	67.8	67.6	44.2	38.7
9/2006	126.3	101.6	62.3	62.2	40.5	35.5
12/2006	121.4	100.1	58.3	58.2	37.6	33.0
3/2007	126.4	98.8	58.1	58.0	38.1	33.3
6/2007	135.4	99.6	62.5	62.4	43.7	38.2
9/2007	131.4	101.7	67.1	66.9	45.4	39.8
12/2007	132.5	113.1	72.2	72.0	53.1	46.5
3/2008	141.9	125.7	84.4	84.2	53.9	47.2
6/2008	157.4	143.9	102.5	102.3	65.2	57.2
9/2008	149.9	133.1	88.7	88.5	61.8	54.1
12/2008	114.4	101.1	55.1	55.0	37.4	32.8
3/2009	119.6	93.1	52.2	52.1	36.1	31.7
6/2009	137.4	101.5	62.9	62.8	48.4	42.4
9/2009	131.9	99.8	61.3	61.2	50.3	44.1
12/2009	132.2	102.8	63.0	62.9	51.5	45.1

¹⁾ Motor gasoline, diesel oil and light fuel oil: weighted average of the prices on the 15th of the month in six localities (Helsinki, Mikkeli, Oulu, Rovaniemi, Seinäjoki and Turku).Heavy fuel oil: national monthly average. Source: Finnish Oil and Gas Federation

Unit

€/MWh

Summary

All results are averages of year 2009

Price of district heating by type of consumer (€/MWh)

	Type of Consumer
	Detached house	Semidetached house (rivitalo)	Apartment building, small	Apartment building	Apartment building, large
Year 2009 av.	65.58	61.21	60.28	58.27	55.85

Price of electricity (c/kWh)

	Household		Electric Heating
	Flat	Detached House	Direct	Accumulating
Year 2009 av.	14.81	12.52	10.25	9.51

Prices of domestic fuel

	Hard Coal		Natural Gas		Milled peat	Sod Peat	Forest Chips	Wood pellet
	On the Coast				Delivered	Delivered	Delivered	Consumer price (incl. VAT)	Index
	€/t	€/MWh	€/1000 m3 (0° C)	€/MWh	€/MWh	€/MWh	€/MWh	c/kWh	2005=100
Year 2009 av.	111.73	15.78	270.65	27.07	10.55	13.44	17.75	5.15	162.87

Price of liquid fuel

	Light fuel oil		Heavy fuel oil
	c/l	€/MWh	c/kg	€/MWh
Year 2009 av.	59.9	59.7	46.6	40.8

References

[statfi-1] 1.0 ^1.1 http://pxweb2.stat.fi/database/statfin/ene/ehi/ehi_fi.asp

[2] ttp://www.eia.gov/forecasts/aeo/pdf/0383(2015).pdf

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 39: / Line 39: @@
 All 2015 fuel prices are actual prices from March 2015, all 2005 values are actual prices from March 2005, all 1995 values are presumed to be similar to the 1998 values. 1985 values estimated from 1995 values. Statistics Finland<ref name="statfi">http://pxweb2.stat.fi/database/statfin/ene/ehi/ehi_fi.asp</ref>.
+All Compound Annual Growth Rates (CAGR) from U.S. Energy Information Administration's "Annual Energy Outlook 2015 with projections to 2040" <ref>http://www.eia.gov/forecasts/aeo/pdf/0383(2015).pdf</ref>.
 Price of electricity [http://www.kauppalehti.fi/uutiset/professori-olkiluoto-3n-sahko-ei-valttamatta-kannattavaa/24UK2cCn].{{disclink|Price of nuclear electricity}}

In English
Assessment	Main page \| Helsinki energy decision options 2015
Helsinki data	Building stock in Helsinki \| Helsinki energy production \| Helsinki energy consumption \| Energy use of buildings \| Emission factors for burning processes \| Prices of fuels in heat production \| External cost
Models	Building model \| Energy balance \| Health impact assessment \| Economic impacts
Related assessments	Climate change policies in Helsinki \| Climate change policies and health in Kuopio \| Climate change policies in Basel
In Finnish
Yhteenveto	Helsingin energiapäätös 2015 \| Helsingin energiapäätöksen vaihtoehdot 2015 \| Helsingin energiapäätökseen liittyviä arvoja \| Helsingin energiapäätös 2015.pptx