Energy supply in Europe

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Scope

What is the energy supply in Europe (EU-30) for electricity, heat, and transport fuel production categorised by fuel and facility type during the period 2010-2050?

1. Primary supply of energy.
2. Primary use (e.g. heat and power plants).
3. Final use.

Definition

Dependencies

• Energy supply policies in Europe

Unit

PJ/a

Formula

Alternative 1 used.

Alternative 1

Excel model: Energy supply in Europe.xls

The approach is based on OECD energy balance sheets. The idea is that these balance sheets are a reliable starting point for describing energy supply, production, and use. When proportional changes are made to one of them, others must be adjusted so that they match again. This is basically done with a manual process in the Excel sheet. When a balance has been achieved, the CO2 and PM2.5 emissions can be calculated based on different activities.

• Problem: The model works on annual basis and does not account for seasonal or daily variations. Solution: Ignore the problem and use it anyway (with caution, of course).
• Problem: There are technical formatting problems that make it difficult to copy-paste data to and from the Excel sheet. Solution: Talk with Matti and reformat the sheet. Specifically on sheet Mtoe:
  • Merge rows 10-11: only one row for the title.
  • Add text to Rows 19, 32 (all columns), otherwise they are ignored in the Table to Wiki reformatting.
  • Colour codes should be clearly explained somewhere.

Alternative 2

Use Times dynamic model (run by IER/University of Stuttgart) to find plausible energy supply and consumption scenarios.

• Problem: The model is heavy to run and not openly available. Solution: Don't use the model.

Result

{{#opasnet_base_link:Op_en4078}}

Energy balance sheet, OECD Europe 2007 (IEA,2009). Million tons of oil equivalent (Mtoe) per year.

Supply and consumption	Coal & peat	Crude oil	Petrochem products	Gas	Nuclear	Hydro	Geothermal, solar, wind	Combust, renew, waste	Electricity	Heat	Total
Production	188.71	236.95		236.63	241.26	42.79	20.92	99.58		0.45	1067.29
Imports	174.45	657.10	299.21	347.42				4.21	29.03		1511.43
Exports	-32.74	-173.64	-287.97	-140.82				-1.31	-28.69	-0.01	-665.18
Intl marine bunkers			-54.73 **)
Intl aviation bunkers			-45.79 **)
Stock changes	6.78	0.01	2.76	4.50				-0.08			13.97
TPES	337.20	720.42	14.0	447.73	241.26	42.79	20.92	102.41	0.34	0.44	1927.50
Transfers		17.67	-15.39								2.29
Statistical differences	-2.99	1.67	1.79	1.16				-0.08	0.11	0.44	2.12
Electricity plants	-177.01		-15.48	-83.86	-237.92	-42.79	-16.16	-17.85	251.41	-0.45	-340.13
CHP Plants	-63.56	*)	-9.56	-58.68	-3.34		-0.97	-16.87	56.21	47.52	-49.25
Heat plants	-5.19		-0.82	-5.38			-0.13	-3.72	-0.25	13.40	-2.09
Gas works	-0.46		-0.18	0.46							-0.18
Petroleum refineries		-748.50	741.71								-6.79
Coal transformation	-24.44	0.02	-1.96	-0.09							-26.47
Liquefication plants
Other transformation	0.01	11.18	-11.41	-0.17				-0.11			-0.50
Own use	-6.85		-39.78	-17.74				-0.08	-24.33	-2.33	-91.60
Distribution losses	-1.03		-0.02	-2.69			-0.13	-0.02	-19.70	-3.77	-27.35
TFC	55.67	2.47	662.91	280.74			3.53	63.69	263.30	55.26	1387.51
Industry sector	40.93	0.01	45.03	92.26			0.16	19.84	107.49	17.23	322.95
Iron and steel	16.86		1.21	9.83				0.04	12.93	0.34	41.20
Chemical and petrochem	2.28	0.01	8.85	20.61				0.49	17.81	3.46	53.52
Non-ferrous metals	0.65		1.08	3.31				0.03	9.56	0.23	14.87
Non-metallic minerals	6.68		11.03	16.26				1.51	7.76	0.12	43.34
Transport equipment	0.13		0.66	3.07					4.20	0.21	8.27
Machinery	0.23		2.39	7.99				0.03	9.55	0.36	20.56
Mining and quarrying	0.16		0.81	0.55					1.43	0.28	3.24
Food and tobacco	2.26		3.90	12.46				0.90	10.10	0.62	30.24
Paper, pulp & printing	1.27		2.04	9.00				11.30	12.98	1.63	38.23
Wood and wood products	0.14		0.31	0.40				3.15	2.37	0.33	6.71
Construction	2.16		3.39	0.81				0.12	1.57	0.06	8.11
Textile and leather	0.33		0.87	3.15				0.07	3.64	0.10	8.15
Non-specified	7.77		8.49	4.81			0.16	2.20	13.59	9.50	46.50
Transport sector			432.49	1.89				7.85	6.54		448.78
Domestic aviation			10.96								10.96
International aviation			45.79								45.79
Road transport			311.23	0.63				7.85			319.71
Rail transport	0.01		2.95						5.18		8.13
Pipeline transport				1.14					0.11		1.25
Domestic navigation			6.68								6.68
International navigation			54.73								54.73
Non-specified			0.15	0.12					1.26		1.53
Other sectors	13.45		83.69	173.68			3.37	36.01	149.26	38.03	497.49
Residential	11.03		45.84	118.42			2.74	32.29	73.97	13.00	297.30
Community & public services	1.25		17.16	41.33			0.26	2.15	69.84	5.32	137.31
Agriculture & forestry	1.08		18.04	4.53			0.07	1.55	4.96	0.34	30.56
Fishing			1.68				0.04		0.05		1.77
Non-specified	0.09		0.97	9.39			0.26	0.02	0.45	19.38	30.56
Non-energy use	1.28	2.46	101.70	12.92							118.36
in industry/transf./energy	1.11	2.46	97.71	12.92							114.20
of which: feedstocks	0.16	2.46	68.03	12.92							83.57
in transport			3.38								3.38
in other sectors	0.17		0.61								0.77
Electricity and heat output
Electricity generated - TWh	1012.69	0.02	109.87	801.95	925.32	497.60	120.81	108.09		0.63	3577.00
Electricity plants	769.95		64.64	503.26	912.96	497.60	118.98	55.32		0.36	2923.07
CHP plants	242.75	0.02	45.23	298.70	12.36		1.83	52.77		0.27	653.93
Heat generated - PJ	722.42	0.08	178.56	1007.85	4.85		24.20	395.02	3.88	232.82	2569.67
CHP-plants	583.61	0.08	154.30	861.97	4.85		8.28	290.55	1.73	92.89	1998.25
Heat plants	138.81		24.27	145.88			15.92	104.47	2.15	139.93	571.42

See also

• Mega case study
• Mega case study in Heande
• VAPO website about peat energy