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{{Assessment|moderator =Pauliina}}  
{{Assessment|moderator =Pauliina}}  
 
'''Bioher assessment''' about health impacts of small scale wood burning is closed.
{{participants needed}}


==Health and climate impacts of heat production in small municipalities (BIOHER)==
==Health and climate impacts of heat production in small municipalities (BIOHER)==
This is assessment page of '''Bioher'''. Bioher is a research project coordinated by National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL). The duration is 2008-2011. Project includes five subprojects with 1) measurement of PM and greenhouse gas emissions, 2) chemical characterization and assessment of atmospheric thermal impact of emitted PM, 3) toxicological characterization of emitted PM, 4) assessment of exposure to and health effects of current residential wood combustion, 5) assessment of health risks.  
Bioher is a research project coordinated by the National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL). The project runs from 2008 to 2011 and includes five workpackages: 1) measurement of PM and greenhouse gas emissions, 2) chemical characterization and assessment of atmospheric thermal impact of emitted PM, 3) toxicological characterization of emitted PM, 4) assessment of exposure to and health effects of current residential wood combustion, 5) assessment of health risks.  


Main study questions are:
*How human risks differs between four heating scenarios/decisions?
*What are the costs of emissions and health effects due to different heating scenarios/decisions?
*What are climate change impacts of PM emissions and health effects due to CC?


[http://en.opasnet.org/w/Image:Claih_model.ANA  CLAIH/BIOHER analytica model ]  
Assessment model: [[File:Bioher model.ANA]]


== Scope  ==
== Scope  ==
Line 17: Line 12:
=== Purpose  ===
=== Purpose  ===


The purpose is to evaluate PM<sub>2.5</sub> and green house gas (GHG) emissions of detached houses and small heating power plant, to assess exposure and health effects due to evaluated emissions and to define emission, heating and health effect costs. Assessment is going to compare four alternative ways to arrange decentralized energy production in communities with 2000 - 10000 inhabitants: light oil and pellets as fuel of detached houses and heavy oil and wood chips as fuel of small heating plants. In addition, environmental effects i.e. climate change (CC) of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and GHG emissions is assessed with this model.  
The purpose of the assessment is to evaluate health impacts and overall societal costs of different scenarios for residential heating in Finland.  


Questions:  
More specifically:  


*What would be the health effects of PM<sub>2.5</sub> emissions of small power plant and individual houses in small living area (2000- 10000 inh.)?  
*What would be the mortality impacts of PM<sub>2.5</sub> emissions and the related societal cost?
*What are GHG emissions of individual houses and small power plant and how emissions effect on CC?  
*What would be the greenhouse gas emissions and the related societal cost?
*What are the costs of different alternatives?  
*What are the optimal decisions on residential heating for the society when energy costs to consumers and societal costs related to greenhouse gas emissions and health impacts of PM<sub>2.5</sub> are taken into consideration?
*What is the optimal decision to produce energy and heat to houses?
*What are the optimal decisions on residential heating for a consumer (based on costs related to heat consumption), and are these in conflict with the optimal decisions for the society?


=== Boundaries  ===
=== Boundaries  ===


*Energy production (single house and small energy plant level, 1-20MW)
*House stock:
*Population (2000-10000 inh.)
**Detached single family houses built in the beginning of 2010 (standard, low energy)
*Exposure for PM<sub>2.5</sub>  
**Detached single family houses built in 60's and 70's
*ER-functions for PM<sub>2.5</sub>  
*Location: Finland
*PM<sub>2.5</sub> emissions (-&gt;health effects)  
*Assessment follow-up time: 2010-2040
*PM<sub>2.5</sub> climate effect (-&gt; health effects)  
*Evaluated emissions:
*Household heating scenarios:
**Greenhouse gases (CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent)
**Light oil and pellets
**Fine particles (PM<sub>2.5</sub>)
*Small heating plant scenarios:
*Evaluated health impacts:
**Heavy oil and wood chips
**Mortality from PM<sub>2.5</sub> (quantified in mortality cases and DALYs)
*Atmospheric thermal impact
*Evaluated costs:
*DALY
**Heat consumption cost to consumer (heating appliance investment and interest, maintenance, energy)
**Cost from greenhouse gas emissions (based on the cost of carbon emission permits)
**Cost from health impacts of PM<sub>2.5</sub> emissions (based on the value of lost life years)


*Impacts:
=== Scenarios  ===
**Climate change
**Premature mortality
**Costs


=== Scenarios  ===
*Primary heat source scenarios:
**Light fuel oil
**Wood pellet
**Direct electrical
**Geothermal
**District heat produced in a small power plant (<2 MW) with heavy fuel oil
**District heat produced in a small power plant (<2 MW) with wood chip
**District heat produced in business-as-usual power plants


Scenarios include two different fuel types of energy production in detached houses and small power plant:
*Secondary heat source scenarios
<br> '''Detached houses'''
**Air source heat pump
*light oil
**Wood fired masonry heater
*Pellets
<br> '''Small power plant'''
*Heavy oil
*Wood chips


=== Intended users  ===
=== Intended users  ===


*City-level policy-makers in all sectors in Kuopio as well as everywhere else
*City and national level policymakers
*International policy-makers related climate change
*Anyone making decisions on residential heating
*Policy-makers related health risks of fine particles and green house gases
*General public
*General public  
*Scientists working on health risks of fine particles, green house gases and climate change
*Other interested of topic


=== Participants  ===
=== Participants  ===


*Assessment and Modelling Unit of THL: [[User:Virpi Kollanus|Virpi Kollanus]], [[User:Pauliina|Pauliina]], [[User:Marko|Marko]], [[User:Mikko Pohjola|Mikko Pohjola]], [[User:Jouni|Jouni]]
*Assessment and Modelling Unit of THL: [[User:Virpi Kollanus|Virpi Kollanus]], [[User:Pauliina|Pauliina]], [[User:Marko|Marko]], [[User:Mikko Pohjola|Mikko Pohjola]], [[User:Jouni|Jouni]]
*Other researchers related Bioher -project
*Other researchers in Bioher project
*Anyone interested


==Variables==
==Variables==


*[[Heating systems in buildings in Finland]]
'''Residential heat purchase
*[[Heating consumption of buildings]]
*[[Unit heat consumption of buildings in Finland]]
*[[Energy efficiency of buildings in Finland]]
*[[Emission factors for burning processes]]
*[[ERF of PM2.5 on mortality in general population]]
*[[Prices of fuels in heat production]]


'''District heat and electricity production
*[[District heat production in Finland]]
*[[Electricity production in Finland]]


'''Geenhouse gas & PM2.5 emissions
*[[Emission factors for burning processes]]


'''Other variables in the scale of Finland'''
'''PM2.5 exposure and health effects
 
*[[ERF of PM2.5 on mortality in general population]]
Emissions in Finland:
*[[Population of Finland|Population of Finland]]  
*[[PM2.5 emissions from house stock heating in Finland|PM2.5 emissions from house stock heating in Finland]]  
*[[Mortality in Finland|Mortality in Finland]]  
*[[CO2 emissions from house stock heating in Finland|CO2 emissions from house stock heating in Finland]]
*[[CH4 emissions from house stock heating in Finland]]
*[[N2O emissions from house stock heating in Finland]]
*[[GHG emissions from land use change]]
 
Exposure in Finland:
*[[PM2.5 concentration in Finland]]
*[[Exposure of Finnish subpopulations to fine particles due domestic wood combustion]]
*[[Intake fraction]]  
*[[Breathing rate]]
*[[Breathing rate]]
*[[Exposure to PM2.5 in Finland]]


'''Costs
*[[Unit price of energy in residential heating in Finland]]
*[[Unit price of carbon emission permits]]
*[[Value of a life year (VOLY)]]




'''Old variables
*[[Heating consumption of buildings]]
*[[Prices of fuels in heat production]]
*[[Exposure of Finnish subpopulations to fine particles due domestic wood combustion]]


== Conclusions  ==
== Conclusions  ==
Line 142: Line 136:
*[http://www.renewa.fi/fi/referenssit.html Renewa Oy]
*[http://www.renewa.fi/fi/referenssit.html Renewa Oy]
*[http://www.planora.fi/sivu/fi/planora/referenssit/ref1/ Planora Oy]
*[http://www.planora.fi/sivu/fi/planora/referenssit/ref1/ Planora Oy]
*


[[Category:Health_effects]] [[Category:Classical_air_pollutants]]
[[Category:Health_effects]] [[Category:Classical_air_pollutants]]

Latest revision as of 11:36, 13 March 2015


Bioher assessment about health impacts of small scale wood burning is closed.

Health and climate impacts of heat production in small municipalities (BIOHER)

Bioher is a research project coordinated by the National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL). The project runs from 2008 to 2011 and includes five workpackages: 1) measurement of PM and greenhouse gas emissions, 2) chemical characterization and assessment of atmospheric thermal impact of emitted PM, 3) toxicological characterization of emitted PM, 4) assessment of exposure to and health effects of current residential wood combustion, 5) assessment of health risks.


Assessment model: File:Bioher model.ANA

Scope

Purpose

The purpose of the assessment is to evaluate health impacts and overall societal costs of different scenarios for residential heating in Finland.

More specifically:

  • What would be the mortality impacts of PM2.5 emissions and the related societal cost?
  • What would be the greenhouse gas emissions and the related societal cost?
  • What are the optimal decisions on residential heating for the society when energy costs to consumers and societal costs related to greenhouse gas emissions and health impacts of PM2.5 are taken into consideration?
  • What are the optimal decisions on residential heating for a consumer (based on costs related to heat consumption), and are these in conflict with the optimal decisions for the society?

Boundaries

  • House stock:
    • Detached single family houses built in the beginning of 2010 (standard, low energy)
    • Detached single family houses built in 60's and 70's
  • Location: Finland
  • Assessment follow-up time: 2010-2040
  • Evaluated emissions:
    • Greenhouse gases (CO2 equivalent)
    • Fine particles (PM2.5)
  • Evaluated health impacts:
    • Mortality from PM2.5 (quantified in mortality cases and DALYs)
  • Evaluated costs:
    • Heat consumption cost to consumer (heating appliance investment and interest, maintenance, energy)
    • Cost from greenhouse gas emissions (based on the cost of carbon emission permits)
    • Cost from health impacts of PM2.5 emissions (based on the value of lost life years)

Scenarios

  • Primary heat source scenarios:
    • Light fuel oil
    • Wood pellet
    • Direct electrical
    • Geothermal
    • District heat produced in a small power plant (<2 MW) with heavy fuel oil
    • District heat produced in a small power plant (<2 MW) with wood chip
    • District heat produced in business-as-usual power plants
  • Secondary heat source scenarios
    • Air source heat pump
    • Wood fired masonry heater

Intended users

  • City and national level policymakers
  • Anyone making decisions on residential heating
  • General public

Participants

Variables

Residential heat purchase

District heat and electricity production

Geenhouse gas & PM2.5 emissions

PM2.5 exposure and health effects

Costs


Old variables

Conclusions

Analyses

  • Cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analyses
  • value-of-information (VOI) analysis

See also


costs and future:

Finnish power plants:

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