Concentrations of beneficial nutrients in fish: Difference between revisions

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'''Scope'''<br>
[[Category: Fish]]
'''The variable''' describes concentrations of beneficial nutrients in various fish species
[[Category: Concentrations in the environment]]
{{variable|moderator=Olli
| reference = {{publication
| authors        = Anna Karjalainen, Jouni T. Tuomisto, Patrycja Gradowska
| page          = Concentrations of beneficial nutrients in fish
| explanation    =
| publishingyear = 2009
| urn            =
| elsewhere      =
}}
}}


== Definition ==  
== Question ==


Concentrations of beneficial nutrients in fish extracted from <ref name="fineli"> the Fineli database [http://www.fineli.fi/foodclass.php?classif=fuclass&class=fish&lang=en]</ref>, where they are indicated as mass units/100 g fish analysed.
What are the '''concentrations of beneficial nutrients in fish''' (such as omega-3 fatty acids (EPA + DHA + fatty acid 18:3 n-3)) in fish.{{reslink|Should the variable restrict to Finland?}} Concentrations of sea and freshwater fish species are studied separately.  


*Omega-3 fatty acids, mg/g, as sum of n-3 PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acids) precursors ALA (alphalinoleic acid), EPA (eicosapanthenic acid), and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid). DPA (docosapentaenoic acid) not available in the database.
== Answer ==
**Vitamin D, ug/g
**Vitamin E, mg/g
**Selenium, ug/g
**Iodine, ug/g
**Group B vitamins, mg/g, as sum of B1 (tiamin), B2 (riboflavin),  B6 (pyridoxin),  B12 (cyanokobalamin) and niacin as its eqvivalents NE. {{disclink|Treatment of vitamins B as summed up}}


=== Causality ===
'''Note!''' The first version of results only uses Data 3, for practical reasons (other nutrients than omega-3 are not yet needed).
List of parents:
* None


=== Data ===
{{resultlink}}


Concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids in fish extracted from <ref name="fineli"/>, where they are indicated as mass units/100 g fish analysed. Criteria for choosing the fish preparation method used prior the analyses:
[[image:Concentrations of beneficial nutrients in fish.png]]
#one that is presumed as a common one used by the Finnish consumers (roasting), and
 
== Rationale ==
 
=== Data  ===
 
Concentrations of beneficial nutrients in fish extracted from <ref name="fineli"> the Fineli database [http://www.fineli.fi/foodclass.php?classif=fuclass&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;class=fish&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lang=en]</ref>, where they are indicated as mass units/100 g fish analysed.
 
Concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids in fish extracted from <ref name="fineli" />, where they are indicated as mass units/100 g fish analysed. Criteria for choosing the fish preparation method used prior the analyses:  
#one that is presumed as a common one used by the Finnish consumers (roasting), and  
#also as available for most of the fish in the database.
#also as available for most of the fish in the database.


The data for omega-3 fatty acids was reported as mean values of the fish species<ref>Omega-3 fatty acids: database of fineli (www.ktlwww.ktl.fi/fineli)</ref>. {{reslink|Omega-3 data}}


=== Formula ===
*Omega-3 fatty acids, mg/g, as sum of n-3 PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acids) precursors ALA (alphalinolenic acid), EPA (eicosapanthenic acid), and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid). DPA (docosapentaenoic acid) not available in the database.  
Analytica_id:
*Omega-3 fatty acids, mg/g, as DHA and EPA only.  
<anacode>(((490+232)+491)/100) (17.5/100) (3.1/100) (17.9/100) (45/100) (((((5.7+0.16)+0.02)+11.3)+0.24)/100)
**Vitamin D, ug/g
(((490+232)+491)/100) (17.5/100) (3.1/100) (17.9/100) (45/100) (((((5.7+0.16)+0.02)+11.3)+0.24)/100)
**Vitamin E, mg/g
(((669+204)+404)/100) (13.1/100) (2.9/100) (21.9/100) (75.6/100) 0.000e+000
**Selenium, ug/g
(((388+238)+445)/100) 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 0.000e+000
**Iodine, ug/g
(((441+40)+194)/100) (3/100) (2/100) (22.2/100) (33.9/100) (((((5.4+0.08)+0.09)+1.7)+0.23)/100)
**Group B vitamins, mg/g, as sum of B1 (tiamin), B2 (riboflavin), B6 (pyridoxin), B12 (cyanokobalamin) and niacin as its eqvivalents NE. {{reslink|Treatment of vitamins B as summed up}}
(((583+369)+1100)/100) 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 0.000e+000
(((3+124)+122)/100) 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 0.000e+000
(((413+55)+249)/100) 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 0.000e+000
(((5+102)+280)/100) 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 0.000e+000
(((539+308)+895)/100) 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 0.000e+000
(((13+92)+301)/100) 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 0.000e+000
(((225+1014)+2028)/100) 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 0.000e+000 0.000e+000
</anacode>


=== Unit ===
The most commonly consumed fish species are described: Farmed salmon, wild salmon, herring, white fish, sprat, perch, flounder, pike-perch, bream, pike, vendace and burbot. Concentration data for imported fish in Finland is not available in many cases. {{reslink|Number of samples}}


mass units/100 g fish analysed


== Result ==
'''Data 1'''


mass units/100 g fish analysed


{|{{prettytable}}
{| {{prettytable}}
! Fish species
|-
! Omega-3-PUFA contents, mg/g
! Fish species  
! Vitamin D, ug/g
! Omega-3-PUFA contents, mg/g  
! Vitamin E, mg/g
! Vitamin D, ug/g  
! Selenium, ug/g
! Vitamin E, mg/g  
! Iodine, ug/g
! Selenium, ug/g  
! Iodine, ug/g  
! Group B vitamins, mg/g,
! Group B vitamins, mg/g,
|-----
|-
| Baltic herring (Clupea harengus membras)
| Baltic herring (Clupea harengus membras)  
| 12.13
| 12.13  
| 0.17
| 0.17  
| 0.03
| 0.03  
| 0.18
| 0.18  
| 0.45
| 0.45  
| 0.17
|-----
| Herring (Clupea harengus)
| 12.13
| 0.17
| 0.17
| 0.03
|-
| 0.18
| Herring (Clupea harengus)
| 0.45
| 12.13
| 0.17
| 0.03  
| 0.18  
| 0.45  
| 0.17
| 0.17
|-----
|-
| Vendace (Coregonus albula)
| Vendace (Coregonus albula)  
| 12.77
| 12.77  
| 0.13
| 0.13  
| 0.03
| 0.03  
| 0.22
| 0.22  
| 0.76
| 0.76  
| 0.00
| 0.00
|-----
|-
| Whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus)
| Whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus)  
| 10.71
| 10.71  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-----
|-
| Pike (Esox lucius)
| Pike (Esox lucius)  
| 6.75
| 6.75  
| 0.03
| 0.03  
| 0.02
| 0.02  
| 0.22
| 0.22  
| 0.34
| 0.34  
| 0.08
| 0.08
|-----
|-
| Rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss)
| Rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss)  
| 20.52
| 20.52  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-----
|-
| Shrimp (Pandalus sp.)
| Shrimp (Pandalus sp.)  
| 2.49
| 2.49  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-----
|-
| Perch (Perca fluviatilis)
| Perch (Perca fluviatilis)  
| 7.17
| 7.17  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-----
|-
| Saithe (Pollachius virens)
| Saithe (Pollachius virens)  
| 3.87
| 3.87  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-----
|-
| Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
| Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)  
| 17.42
| 17.42  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-----
|-
| Pike-perch (Sander lucioperca)
| Pike-perch (Sander lucioperca)  
| 4.06
| 4.06  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|-----
|-
| Tuna (Thunnus thynnus)
| Tuna (Thunnus thynnus)  
| 32.67
| 32.67  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|
|  
|}
 
 
'''Data 2'''
 
*There are no separate data for farmed and for wild salmon. Therefore they are assumed to be the same.
*There are no data for vendace(sea), so assumption is that the parameters are the same as vendace(inland)
*There are no data for bream(sea), so assumption is that the parameters are the same as bream(inland)
*There are no data for wild salmon(inland), so assumption is that the parameters are the same as wildsalmon(sea)
 
First, the mercury data was used to form lognormal distributions for each species with parameters median and geometric standard deviation. Secondly, the proportion of methylmercury from total mercury was taken into account. Methylmercury proportion is assumed to follow triangular distribution (author judgement) with parameters (min=0.81, mode=0.93,max=0,98). {{reslink|Author judgement about the chosen distribution}}
 
The omega-3 distributions chosen by author judgement. Concentration distributions were formed according to amount of data. a) If 3 or more data points &rarr; triangular distribution, b) if 2 data points &rarr; uniform distribution, c) if 1 data point &rarr; normal distribution {{reslink|Rationale behind the chosen distribution}}
 
Sprat: omega-3 concentration(sprat) = omega-3 concentration(herring) closely related species, assumed to have similar composition
 
Units: mg/kg in fresh weight
 
{| {{prettytable}}
|-
! Fish species
! Omega-3 concentration
|-
| Farmed salmon (sea+inland)
| 1.553e+004
|-
| Wild salmon
| 1.516e+004
|-
| Herring(sea)
| 9790
|-
| White fish(sea)
| 7830
|-
| Sprat(sea)
| 9790
|-
| Perch(sea)
| 3030
|-
| Flounder(sea)
| 4220
|-
| Pike-perch(sea)
| 4060
|-
| Bream(sea)
| 4930
|-
| Pike(sea)
| 2920
|-
| Vendace(sea)
| 7510
|-
| Burbot(sea)
| 2010
|-
| Wild salmon(inland)
| 1.504e+004
|-
| White fish(inland)
| 7830
|-
| Perch(inland)
| 3030
|-
| Pike-perch(inland)
| 4060
|-
| Bream(inland)
| 4930
|-
| Pike(inland)
| 2920
|-
| Vendace(inland)
| 7510
|-
| Burbot(inland)
| 2010
|}
|}




'''Data 3'''
Since there are only mean concentration values available exponential distribution has been chosen to model the concentration of DHA and concentration of EPA in various sea and inland fish species.
Moreover, the Fineli database<ref name="fineli" /> provides concentrations of nutrients in species caught mostly in the Baltic Sea (except vendace which was caught in inland waters). Thus, the concentration data for some of the species chosen is not available. Therefore, it has been assumed that the DHA (EPA) concentration in sea and freshwater species is the same.
Units: mg/g fish
{| {{prettytable}}
|-
| '''Fish species'''
| '''Mean DHA concentration'''
| '''Mean EPA concentration'''
|-
| Baltic Herring
| 4.82
| 2.27
|-
| Vendace(inland)
| 4.09
| 2.06
|-
| Vendace(sea)
| 4.09
| 2.06
|-
| Whitefish(inland)
| 4.93
| 2.63
|-
| Whitefish(sea)
| 4.93
| 2.63
|-
| Pike(inland)
| 2.17
| 0.44
|-
| Pike(sea)
| 2.17
| 0.44
|-
| Perch(inland)
| 2.45
| 0.54
|-
| Perch(sea)
| 2.45
| 0.54
|-
| Atlantic Salmon
| 10.02
| 3.45
|-
| Pike-perch(inland)
| 3.01
| 0.92
|-
| Pike-perch(sea)
| 3.01
| 0.92
|}
==== Fineli ====
Data comes from [https://fineli.fi Fineli database] maintained by [[THL]].
{| {{prettytable}}
|+'''Concentrations of fatty acid concentrations in salmon[https://fineli.fi/fineli/fi/elintarvikkeet?q=lohi] and herring[https://fineli.fi/fineli/fi/elintarvikkeet?q=silakka] products (g/100 g) (2017 data)
!Salmon product !! Omega-3 !! ALA (alphalinolenic acid) !! EPA !! DHA !! Vitamin D (µg)
|---
| Salmon, farmed || 2.3 || 0.796 || 0.456 || 0.669 || 6.7
|---
| Salmon, whole || 2.7 || 0.176 || 0.504 || 1.465 || 5.2
|---
| Salmon filet || 4.2 || 0.270 || 0.775 || 2.253 || 8.0
|---
| Salmon filet, cold smoked || 1.4 || 0.470 || 0.286 || 0.412 || 7.2
|---
| Salmon filet, fried ("paistettu") || 4.7 || 0.367 || 0.842 || 2.449 || 8.7
|---
| Salmon filet, baked in oven || 4.9 || 0.314 || 0.901 || 2.620 || 9.3
|---
| Herring filet || 2.4 || 0.174 || 0.413 || 0.586 || 17.9
|---
| Herring, fresh || 1.4 || 0.125 || 0.402 || 0.606 || 15.6
|---
| Herring, smoked || 1.8 || 0.154 || 0.495 || 0.745 || 17.0
|}
<t2b name="Fineli summary" index="Fish,Exposure_agent" unit="mg/ 100 g">
Herring|ALA|154 (125 - 174)
Salmon|ALA|470 (176 - 796)
Salmon|D_vitamin|0.0075 +- 0.0015
Salmon|DHA|1600 +- 950
Salmon|EPA|630 +- 250
Salmon|Omega3|3400 +- 1400
</t2b>
<t2b name="Fineli data for common fish species" index="Kala,Fish,Nutrient" locations="energia laskennallinen (kJ),rasva (g),proteiini (g),rasvahapot yhteensä (g),rasvahapot moni-tyydyttymättömät (g),rasvahapot yksittäis-tyydyttymättömät cis (g),rasvahapot tyydyttyneet (g),rasvahapot trans (g),rasvahapot n-3 moni-tyydyttymättömät (g),rasvahapot n-6 moni-tyydyttymättömät (g),rasvahappo 18:2 cis n-6 (linolihappo) (mg),rasvahappo 18:3 n-3 (alfalinoleenihappo) (mg),rasvahappo 20:5 n-3 (EPA) (mg),rasvahappo 22:6 n-3 (DHA) (mg),jodidi (jodi) (µg),fosfori (mg),seleeni (µg),sinkki (mg),D-vitamiini (µg)" unit="several">
Hauki|Pike|339|0.4|19|0.3|<0.1|<0.1|0.1|<0.1|<0.1|<0.1|11|8|18|30|46.7|240|22|1.1|2.1
Kala, keskiarvo, silakka/muikku/ahven/hauki|Average fish|413|2.8|18.2|2.3|0.9|0.7|0.7|<0.1|0.7|0.2|101|69|187|254|30|252|24.8|1.8|10.5
Kirjolohi, filee, kasvatettu|Rainbow trout|715|10.3|19.7|9.6|3.3|4.7|1.5|<0.1|1.8|1.4|1326|481|318|757|6|260|15.1|0.4|5.1
Lahna|Bream|412|3.2|17.3|2.2|0.7|1|0.5|0|0.6|0.1|35|22|199|273|7|210|28|0.5|14
Lohi, filee, kasvatettu|Salmon|946|16.4|20|15.1|4.7|8.1|2.3|0.1|2.3|2.2|2055|796|456|669|6.1|240|11.6|0.4|6.7
Muikku, järvi|Vendace|463|3.9|18.7|2.8|1.3|0.6|0.9|<0.1|1|0.3|102|135|288|300|25.9|290|22|4|9.4
Siika, kasvatettu|Whitefish|554|5.9|19.8|5.3|1.6|2.6|1|<0.1|1|0.7|574|222|204|394|6.2|248|24.9|0.4|14.4
Silakkafilee|Herring|601|8.9|16|8.1|3.4|2.6|2|0|2.4|0.9|472|174|413|586|52.4|200|27.1|2.4|15.6
Särki|Roach|397|2.4|18.2|1.7|0.5|0.8|0.3|0|0.5|<0.1|18|10|112|287|30|252|24.8|1.8|10
</t2b>
=== Calculations ===
==== Bayes model ====
* Model run 2.3.2017 [http://en.opasnet.org/en-opwiki/index.php?title=Special:RTools&id=9aXDKdIaq4jHrb7e]
* Model run 3.3.2017 with multivariate normal and predictions [http://en.opasnet.org/en-opwiki/index.php?title=Special:RTools&id=W4mWVsEdolRCeTet]
* Model run 19.5.2017 with only vit.param stored [http://en.opasnet.org/en-opwiki/index.php?title=Special:RTools&id=eDNkNIVqTUCnJR62]
<rcode name="bayes" label="Initiate Bayes model (for developers only)" graphics=1>
# This is code Op_en1838/bayes on page [[Concentrations of beneficial nutrients in fish]]
library(OpasnetUtils)
library(rjags)
library(reshape2)
library(ggplot2)
library(car) # For scatterplotMatrix()
dat <- opbase.data("Op_en1838", subset = "Balticherring")
dat$Result <- as.numeric(gsub(",", ".", as.character(dat$Result)))
colnames(dat)
fisl <- sort(unique(as.character(dat$Fish_species)))
compl <- sort(unique(as.character(dat$variable)))
dat.wide <- reshape(
  dat,
  idvar = "Sample_code",
  v.names = "Result",
  timevar = "variable",
  direction = "wide"
)
mod <- textConnection("
  model{
    for(i in 1:N) { # Observation
      conc[i,1:C] ~ dmnorm(mu[], Omega[,])
    }
    mu[1:C] ~ dmnorm(mu0[1:C], S2[1:C,1:C])
    Omega[1:C,1:C] ~ dwish(S3[1:C,1:C],4)
    conc.pred[1:C] ~ dmnorm(mu[1:C], Omega[1:C,1:C])
  }
")
jags <- jags.model(
  mod,
  data = list(
    N = nrow(dat.wide),
    C = length(compl),
    conc = dat.wide[ncol(dat.wide)+(-3:0)],
    mu0 = rep(100,4),
    S2 = diag(4)/100000,
    S3 = diag(4)/10000
  ),
  n.chains = 4,
  n.adapt = 100
)
update(jags, 100)
samps.j <- jags.samples(
  jags,
  c('mu', 'Omega', 'conc.pred'),
  1000
)
js <- array(
  c(
    samps.j$mu[,,1],
    samps.j$Omega[,1,,1],
    samps.j$Omega[,2,,1],
    samps.j$Omega[,3,,1],
    samps.j$Omega[,4,,1],
    samps.j$conc.pred[,,1]
  ),
  dim = c(4,1000,6),
  dimnames = list(
    Exposure_agent = compl,
    Iter = 1:1000,
    Parameter = c("mu","Omega1", "Omega2", "Omega3", "Omega4", "conc.pred")
  )
)
# Mu for all questions
scatterplotMatrix(t(js[,,1]))
# All parameters for Exposure_agent 1 (DHA?)
scatterplotMatrix(js[1,,])
jsd <- melt(js)
coda.j <- coda.samples(
  jags,
  c('mu', 'Omega', 'conc.pred'),
  1000
)
plot(coda.j)
######## vit.param contains expected values of the distribution parameters from the model
vit.param <- list(
  mu = apply(js[,,1], MARGIN = 1, FUN = mean),
  Omega = solve(apply(js[,,2:5], MARGIN = c(1,3), FUN = mean))
    # solve matrix: precision->covariace
)
objects.store(vit.param)
cat("List vit.param stored.\n")
if(FALSE) {
concddeo.mu <- array(
  samps$mu,
  dim = c(length(compl), 1000, 4),
  dimnames = list(Compound = compl, Iter = 1:1000, Seed = 1:4)
)
concddeo.Omega <- array(
  samps$Omega,
  dim = c(length(compl), length(compl), 1000, 4),
  dimnames = list(Compound1 = compl, Compound2 = compl, Iter = 1:1000, Seed = 1:4)
)
concddeo.pred <- array(
  samps$mu,
  dim = c(length(compl), 1000, 4),
  dimnames = list(Compound = compl, Iter = 1:1000, Seed = 1:4)
)
concdf.mu <- melt(concddeo.mu)
scatterplotMatrix(t(concddeo.mu[,,1]))
concdf.pred <- melt(concddeo.pred)
scatterplotMatrix(t(concddeo.pred[,,1]))
ggplot(dat, aes(x = Result, colour = Fish_species))+geom_density()+
  facet_wrap(~ variable, scales = "free")
ggplot(concdf.pred, aes(x = value))+geom_density()+
  facet_wrap(~ Compound, scales = "free")
objects.store(concddeo.mu, concddeo.Omega, concddeo.pred)
cat("Arrays of concentrations of vitamin D, DHA, EPA, and Omega3) stored:\n")
cat("concddeo.mu (mean), concddeo.Omega (precision matrix), concddeo.pred (predicted distribution).\n")
} #if(FALSE)
</rcode>
==== Initiate ovariable conc_vit ====
* Initiation 19.5.2017 [http://en.opasnet.org/en-opwiki/index.php?title=Special:RTools&id=xcbB77mKIo3gQUCv]
* Initiation 5.10.2017: salmon data taken from Fineli [http://en.opasnet.org/en-opwiki/index.php?title=Special:RTools&id=TjeHDHy5tFXGI6uq]
* Initiation 3.9.2019 with ALA [http://en.opasnet.org/en-opwiki/index.php?title=Special:RTools&id=gSFr9qInLEXMbhBl]
<rcode name="initiate" label="Initiate conc_vit (for developers only)" embed=1>
# This is code Op_en1838/initiate on page [[Concentrations of beneficial nutrients in fish]]
library(OpasnetUtils)
conc_vit <- Ovariable(
  "conc_vit",
  ddata = "Op_en1838",
  subset="Fineli summary",
  dependencies = data.frame(Name = "vit.param", Ident = "Op_en1838/bayes"),
  formula = function(...) {
    require(MASS)
    require(reshape2)
   
    N <- openv$N
    vit <- data.frame(
        Fish = "Herring",
        Iter = 1:N,
        as.data.frame(mvrnorm(N, vit.param$mu, vit.param$Omega))
    )
    vit <- melt(vit, id.vars = c("Iter", "Fish"), variable.name = "Exposure_agent", value.name = "Result")
    return(vit)
  },
  unit = "mg /100 g"
)
objects.store(conc_vit)
cat("Ovariable conc_vit stored.\n")
</rcode>
== See also ==
* Previous Analytica formulas can be found from a [http://en.opasnet.org/en-opwiki/index.php?title=Concentrations_of_beneficial_nutrients_in_fish&oldid=9672 previous version of this page].


=== References ===
== References ==


<references/>
<references />
[[Category:THL publications 2010]]<!-- __OBI_TS:1476877071 -->

Latest revision as of 07:31, 12 March 2020



Question

What are the concentrations of beneficial nutrients in fish (such as omega-3 fatty acids (EPA + DHA + fatty acid 18:3 n-3)) in fish.R↻ Concentrations of sea and freshwater fish species are studied separately.

Answer

Note! The first version of results only uses Data 3, for practical reasons (other nutrients than omega-3 are not yet needed).

{{#opasnet_base_link:Op_en1838}}


Rationale

Data

Concentrations of beneficial nutrients in fish extracted from [1], where they are indicated as mass units/100 g fish analysed.

Concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids in fish extracted from [1], where they are indicated as mass units/100 g fish analysed. Criteria for choosing the fish preparation method used prior the analyses:

  1. one that is presumed as a common one used by the Finnish consumers (roasting), and
  2. also as available for most of the fish in the database.

The data for omega-3 fatty acids was reported as mean values of the fish species[2]. R↻

  • Omega-3 fatty acids, mg/g, as sum of n-3 PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acids) precursors ALA (alphalinolenic acid), EPA (eicosapanthenic acid), and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid). DPA (docosapentaenoic acid) not available in the database.
  • Omega-3 fatty acids, mg/g, as DHA and EPA only.
    • Vitamin D, ug/g
    • Vitamin E, mg/g
    • Selenium, ug/g
    • Iodine, ug/g
    • Group B vitamins, mg/g, as sum of B1 (tiamin), B2 (riboflavin), B6 (pyridoxin), B12 (cyanokobalamin) and niacin as its eqvivalents NE. R↻

The most commonly consumed fish species are described: Farmed salmon, wild salmon, herring, white fish, sprat, perch, flounder, pike-perch, bream, pike, vendace and burbot. Concentration data for imported fish in Finland is not available in many cases. R↻


Data 1

mass units/100 g fish analysed

Fish species Omega-3-PUFA contents, mg/g Vitamin D, ug/g Vitamin E, mg/g Selenium, ug/g Iodine, ug/g Group B vitamins, mg/g,
Baltic herring (Clupea harengus membras) 12.13 0.17 0.03 0.18 0.45 0.17
Herring (Clupea harengus) 12.13 0.17 0.03 0.18 0.45 0.17
Vendace (Coregonus albula) 12.77 0.13 0.03 0.22 0.76 0.00
Whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) 10.71
Pike (Esox lucius) 6.75 0.03 0.02 0.22 0.34 0.08
Rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) 20.52
Shrimp (Pandalus sp.) 2.49
Perch (Perca fluviatilis) 7.17
Saithe (Pollachius virens) 3.87
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) 17.42
Pike-perch (Sander lucioperca) 4.06
Tuna (Thunnus thynnus) 32.67


Data 2

  • There are no separate data for farmed and for wild salmon. Therefore they are assumed to be the same.
  • There are no data for vendace(sea), so assumption is that the parameters are the same as vendace(inland)
  • There are no data for bream(sea), so assumption is that the parameters are the same as bream(inland)
  • There are no data for wild salmon(inland), so assumption is that the parameters are the same as wildsalmon(sea)

First, the mercury data was used to form lognormal distributions for each species with parameters median and geometric standard deviation. Secondly, the proportion of methylmercury from total mercury was taken into account. Methylmercury proportion is assumed to follow triangular distribution (author judgement) with parameters (min=0.81, mode=0.93,max=0,98). R↻

The omega-3 distributions chosen by author judgement. Concentration distributions were formed according to amount of data. a) If 3 or more data points → triangular distribution, b) if 2 data points → uniform distribution, c) if 1 data point → normal distribution R↻

Sprat: omega-3 concentration(sprat) = omega-3 concentration(herring) closely related species, assumed to have similar composition

Units: mg/kg in fresh weight

Fish species Omega-3 concentration
Farmed salmon (sea+inland) 1.553e+004
Wild salmon 1.516e+004
Herring(sea) 9790
White fish(sea) 7830
Sprat(sea) 9790
Perch(sea) 3030
Flounder(sea) 4220
Pike-perch(sea) 4060
Bream(sea) 4930
Pike(sea) 2920
Vendace(sea) 7510
Burbot(sea) 2010
Wild salmon(inland) 1.504e+004
White fish(inland) 7830
Perch(inland) 3030
Pike-perch(inland) 4060
Bream(inland) 4930
Pike(inland) 2920
Vendace(inland) 7510
Burbot(inland) 2010


Data 3

Since there are only mean concentration values available exponential distribution has been chosen to model the concentration of DHA and concentration of EPA in various sea and inland fish species.

Moreover, the Fineli database[1] provides concentrations of nutrients in species caught mostly in the Baltic Sea (except vendace which was caught in inland waters). Thus, the concentration data for some of the species chosen is not available. Therefore, it has been assumed that the DHA (EPA) concentration in sea and freshwater species is the same.

Units: mg/g fish

Fish species Mean DHA concentration Mean EPA concentration
Baltic Herring 4.82 2.27
Vendace(inland) 4.09 2.06
Vendace(sea) 4.09 2.06
Whitefish(inland) 4.93 2.63
Whitefish(sea) 4.93 2.63
Pike(inland) 2.17 0.44
Pike(sea) 2.17 0.44
Perch(inland) 2.45 0.54
Perch(sea) 2.45 0.54
Atlantic Salmon 10.02 3.45
Pike-perch(inland) 3.01 0.92
Pike-perch(sea) 3.01 0.92

Fineli

Data comes from Fineli database maintained by THL.

Concentrations of fatty acid concentrations in salmon[3] and herring[4] products (g/100 g) (2017 data)
Salmon product Omega-3 ALA (alphalinolenic acid) EPA DHA Vitamin D (µg)
Salmon, farmed 2.3 0.796 0.456 0.669 6.7
Salmon, whole 2.7 0.176 0.504 1.465 5.2
Salmon filet 4.2 0.270 0.775 2.253 8.0
Salmon filet, cold smoked 1.4 0.470 0.286 0.412 7.2
Salmon filet, fried ("paistettu") 4.7 0.367 0.842 2.449 8.7
Salmon filet, baked in oven 4.9 0.314 0.901 2.620 9.3
Herring filet 2.4 0.174 0.413 0.586 17.9
Herring, fresh 1.4 0.125 0.402 0.606 15.6
Herring, smoked 1.8 0.154 0.495 0.745 17.0
Fineli summary(mg/ 100 g)
ObsFishExposure_agentResult
1HerringALA154 (125 - 174)
2SalmonALA470 (176 - 796)
3SalmonD_vitamin0.0075 +- 0.0015
4SalmonDHA1600 +- 950
5SalmonEPA630 +- 250
6SalmonOmega33400 +- 1400
Fineli data for common fish species(several)
ObsKalaFishenergia laskennallinen (kJ)rasva (g)proteiini (g)rasvahapot yhteensä (g)rasvahapot moni-tyydyttymättömät (g)rasvahapot yksittäis-tyydyttymättömät cis (g)rasvahapot tyydyttyneet (g)rasvahapot trans (g)rasvahapot n-3 moni-tyydyttymättömät (g)rasvahapot n-6 moni-tyydyttymättömät (g)rasvahappo 18:2 cis n-6 (linolihappo) (mg)rasvahappo 18:3 n-3 (alfalinoleenihappo) (mg)rasvahappo 20:5 n-3 (EPA) (mg)rasvahappo 22:6 n-3 (DHA) (mg)jodidi (jodi) (µg)fosfori (mg)seleeni (µg)sinkki (mg)D-vitamiini (µg)
1HaukiPike3390.4190.3<0.1<0.10.1<0.1<0.1<0.1118183046.7240221.12.1
2Kala, keskiarvo, silakka/muikku/ahven/haukiAverage fish4132.818.22.30.90.70.7<0.10.70.2101691872543025224.81.810.5
3Kirjolohi, filee, kasvatettuRainbow trout71510.319.79.63.34.71.5<0.11.81.41326481318757626015.10.45.1
4LahnaBream4123.217.32.20.710.500.60.135221992737210280.514
5Lohi, filee, kasvatettuSalmon94616.42015.14.78.12.30.12.32.220557964566696.124011.60.46.7
6Muikku, järviVendace4633.918.72.81.30.60.9<0.110.310213528830025.92902249.4
7Siika, kasvatettuWhitefish5545.919.85.31.62.61<0.110.75742222043946.224824.90.414.4
8SilakkafileeHerring6018.9168.13.42.6202.40.947217441358652.420027.12.415.6
9SärkiRoach3972.418.21.70.50.80.300.5<0.118101122873025224.81.810

Calculations

Bayes model

  • Model run 2.3.2017 [5]
  • Model run 3.3.2017 with multivariate normal and predictions [6]
  • Model run 19.5.2017 with only vit.param stored [7]

+ Show code

Initiate ovariable conc_vit

  • Initiation 19.5.2017 [8]
  • Initiation 5.10.2017: salmon data taken from Fineli [9]
  • Initiation 3.9.2019 with ALA [10]

+ Show code

See also

References

  1. ↑ Jump up to: 1.0 1.1 1.2 the Fineli database [1]
  2. ↑ Omega-3 fatty acids: database of fineli (www.ktlwww.ktl.fi/fineli)
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