Emission factors for road transport
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Question
What are the average emission factors of cars and other vehicles on air pollutants? Air pollutants include PM2.5 and CO2. Emission factors are expressed as g emission per km driven. Factors are given separately for different car types.
Answer
Rationale
Data
Data comes from Lipasto [1] and reflects the 2016 situation. (accessed 11.12.2018). Numbers are for combined street+road (assuming 27 % street).
Obs | Vehicle | PM2.5 | CO2 | CO2eq | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | bus | 0.11 | 998 | 1014 | Half-full diesel bus on streets |
2 | minibus | 0.1 | 806 | 816 | An empty diesel bus on streets |
3 | gasoline car | 0.0026 | 159 | 159 | |
4 | gasoline hybrid | 0.00208 | 127.2 | 127.2 | Assumes 20 % better energy efficiency |
5 | hybrid with gasoline | 0.00104 | 63.6 | 63.6 | Assumes 40 % gasoline and zero emissions from electricity |
6 | diesel car | 0.023 | 139 | 141 | |
7 | diesel hybrid | 0.0184 | 111.2 | 112.8 | Assumes 20 % better energy efficiency |
8 | hybrid with diesel | 0.0092 | 55.6 | 56.4 | Assumes 40 % diesel and zero emissions from electricity |
9 | electric car | 0.000684 | 36.252 | 36.252 | Assumes 0.19 kWh/km electricity from national grid. See Emission factors for burning processes. c(1,53000) * (1/1000)/(1/3.6)*0.19 # mg/MJ-->g/km |
10 | gasoline CNG car | 0.0014 | 66.6 | 70.1 | Assumes 100 % gas |
11 | gasoline ethanol car | 0.0014 | 30 | 30 | Assumes 100 % flexifuel |
12 | other car | 0.0026 | 159 | 159 | Assumes gasoline car |
13 | Bike | -0.0013 | -80 | -80 | Assumes compensatory reduction in car driving (50 % of gasoline car emission) |
14 | vans | 0.070278554 | 180.64732 | 183.48244 | Indirectly calculated from Lipasto |
15 | buses | 0.044720934 | 1093.78679 | 1102.20248 | Indirectly calculated from Lipasto |
16 | trucks | 0.081325425 | 1222.68957 | 1229.59117 | Indirectly calculated from Lipasto |
17 | motorcycles | 0.027740079 | 106.64706 | 111.74124 | Indirectly calculated from Lipasto |
18 | mopeds | 0.031830000 | 60.82314 | 61.90407 | Indirectly calculated from Lipasto |
19 | microcars | 0.027520000 | 92.78745 | 93.72712 | Indirectly calculated from Lipasto |
Fine particle and carbon dioxide unit emissions for average vehicles. Fine particle emissions are taken from the Lipasto model[1] using average (mixed gasoline and diesel) values for personal car and diesel EURO3 (applied since 2000) values for composite vahicles. For CO2, typical emissions of a new car were used based on the Finnish Vehicle Administration AKE.[2] The following vehicles are used as typical examples of the class: 8-seat vehicle: Toyota Hiace 2.5 D4D 100 4 door long DX bus 4-seat vehicle: Toyota Corolla 2.0 90 D4D Linea Terra 5 door Hatchback (diesel) Car: Toyota Corolla 1.6 VVT-i Linea Terra 5ov Hatchback (gasoline)[3]
Obs | Vehicle | PM2.5 | CO2 | CO2eq | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | bus | 5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | Guesstimates based on historical Lipasto numbers |
2 | minibus | 5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | Guesstimates based on historical Lipasto numbers |
3 | gasoline car | 5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | Guesstimates based on historical Lipasto numbers |
4 | gasoline hybrid | 5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | Guesstimates based on historical Lipasto numbers |
5 | hybrid with gasoline | 5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | Guesstimates based on historical Lipasto numbers |
6 | diesel car | 5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | Guesstimates based on historical Lipasto numbers |
7 | diesel hybrid | 5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | Guesstimates based on historical Lipasto numbers |
8 | hybrid with diesel | 5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | Guesstimates based on historical Lipasto numbers |
9 | electric car | 5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | Guesstimates based on historical Lipasto numbers |
10 | gasoline CNG car | 5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | Guesstimates based on historical Lipasto numbers |
11 | gasoline ethanol car | 5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | Guesstimates based on historical Lipasto numbers |
12 | other car | 5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | Guesstimates based on historical Lipasto numbers |
13 | Bike | 5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | Guesstimates based on historical Lipasto numbers |