Pathogen concentrations in raw water

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Question

What are typical concentrations of pathogens in raw water used for drinking water?

Answer

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library(OpasnetUtils)

objects.latest("Op_en7953", code_name = "variable")

oprint(RawConcentration)

Rationale

Raw water has been categorized based on its source and cleanliness:

Ground water - clean
- Clean groundwater
Groundwater - surface water load
- for ex. shore infiltration
Surface water - low load
- Relatively clean surface water
Surface water - medium load
- for ex. low waste water load
Surface water - high load
- for ex. waste water load

Data

The concentrations are based on experts' estimates on concentrations of different pathogens in different kinds of raw water sources and contamination situations. ^[1] ^[2] ^[3] ^[4]

Pathogen concentrations in raw water(mikrobia/l)
Obs	Raw water source	Pathogen	Unit	Result
1	Ground water - clean	Campylobacter	microbes/l	0
2	Ground water - clean	E.coli O157:H7	microbes/l	0
3	Ground water - clean	Rotavirus	microbes/l	0
4	Ground water - clean	Norovirus	microbes/l	0
5	Ground water - clean	Cryptosporidium	microbes/l	0
6	Ground water - clean	Giardia	microbes/l	0
7	Groundwater - surface water load	Campylobacter	microbes/l	0
8	Groundwater - surface water load	E.coli O157:H7	microbes/l	0
9	Groundwater - surface water load	Rotavirus	microbes/l	0
10	Groundwater - surface water load	Norovirus	microbes/l	0
11	Groundwater - surface water load	Cryptosporidium	microbes/l	0
12	Groundwater - surface water load	Giardia	microbes/l	0
13	Surface water - low load	Campylobacter	microbes/l	1
14	Surface water - low load	E.coli O157:H7	microbes/l	1
15	Surface water - low load	Rotavirus	microbes/l	0.1
16	Surface water - low load	Norovirus	microbes/l	0.1
17	Surface water - low load	Cryptosporidium	microbes/l	0.1
18	Surface water - low load	Giardia	microbes/l	0.1
19	Surface water - medium load	Campylobacter	microbes/l	50
20	Surface water - medium load	E.coli O157:H7	microbes/l	50
21	Surface water - medium load	Rotavirus	microbes/l	1
22	Surface water - medium load	Norovirus	microbes/l	1
23	Surface water - medium load	Cryptosporidium	microbes/l	10
24	Surface water - medium load	Giardia	microbes/l	50
25	Surface water - high load	Campylobacter	microbes/l	1000
26	Surface water - high load	E.coli O157:H7	microbes/l	1000
27	Surface water - high load	Rotavirus	microbes/l	100
28	Surface water - high load	Norovirus	microbes/l	100
29	Surface water - high load	Cryptosporidium	microbes/l	100
30	Surface water - high load	Giardia	microbes/l	500

Calculations

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# This is code "Op_en7953/variable" on page [[Pathogen concentrations in raw water]]
library(OpasnetUtils)

RawConcentration <- Ovariable("RawConcentration", ddata = "Op_en7953", getddata = TRUE, save = TRUE)

cat("Ovariable RawConcentration saved.\n")
oprint(RawConcentration)

References

↑ Hrudey, S. E. and Hrudey, E. J. (2004). Safe Drinking Water. Lessons from Recent Outbreaks in Affluent Nations. London, IWA Publishing.
↑ Medema, G. J., Teunis, P. F., Blokker, M., Deere, D., Davidson, D., Charles, P. and Loret, J. F. (2009). Risk assessment of Cryptosporidium in drinking water, World Health Organisation.
↑ Pedley, S., Yates, M., Schivjen, J. F., West, J., Howard, G. and Barrett, M. (2006). Pathogens: Health relevance, transport and attentuation. Protecting Groundwater for Health Managing the Quality of Drinking‐water Sources. O. Schmoll, G. Howard, J. Chilton and I. Chorus, World Health Organization
↑ WHO (2004). Guidelines for Drinking‐water Quality Third Edition. Volume 1. Geneva, World Health Organization.

[1] Hrudey, S. E. and Hrudey, E. J. (2004). Safe Drinking Water. Lessons from Recent Outbreaks in Affluent Nations. London, IWA Publishing.

[2] Medema, G. J., Teunis, P. F., Blokker, M., Deere, D., Davidson, D., Charles, P. and Loret, J. F. (2009). Risk assessment of Cryptosporidium in drinking water, World Health Organisation.

[3] Pedley, S., Yates, M., Schivjen, J. F., West, J., Howard, G. and Barrett, M. (2006). Pathogens: Health relevance, transport and attentuation. Protecting Groundwater for Health Managing the Quality of Drinking‐water Sources. O. Schmoll, G. Howard, J. Chilton and I. Chorus, World Health Organization

[4] WHO (2004). Guidelines for Drinking‐water Quality Third Edition. Volume 1. Geneva, World Health Organization.

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