User:Ehab Mustafa

DARM, 2017 Homework

Homework 1

Homework 1a: Open policy practice

2. What is shared understanding?

A situation where all individual (assessors, managers, stakeholders) are able to correctly explain what the other thinks about a certain topic and why, including information on:

• Objective pursued

• considered decision options

• possible outcomes

• selected decision option

• consequence of policy implementation

This definition can be extended also to a larger group. Here shared understanding is a written description of the topic that covers the thinking and reasoning on the topic of all members.

7. What is open assessment?

Open assessment is a method that attempts to answer the following research question and to apply the answer in practical assessments: how can scientific information (based on information) and value judgments (based on individuals opinions) be organised for improving societal decision-making in a situation where open participation is allowed?

8. What are the dimensions of openness?

• Scope of participation (who are allowed to participate)

• Access to information (What information can be accessed?)

• Timing of openness (When are participants invited or allowed to participate?)

• Scope of contribution (To which aspects of the issue are participants invited or allowed to contribute?)

• Impact of contribution (How much are participant contributions allowed to have influence on the outcomes? In other words, how much weight is given to participant contributions?)