Exposures in Finland

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Question

What are typical exposure levels of common pollutants in Finland?

Answer

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library(OpasnetUtils) # A package with Opasnet functionalities
library(xtable)       # A package with table formats
library(ggplot2)      # A package with fancy graph formats

# objects.get("q5z9YayubD5KjRPt")

objects.latest("Op_en5918", "calculations") # Get the latest ovariables from code calculations on page Op_en5918.

Exposure 		<- EvalOutput(Exposure)
Exposed.Fraction 	<- EvalOutput(Exposed.Fraction)
Background.Exposure 	<- EvalOutput(Background.Exposure)

print(xtable(Exposure@output[Exposure@output$Iter == 1, ]), type = 'html') # Show a result table
print(xtable(Background.Exposure@output[Background.Exposure@output$Iter == 1, ]), type = 'html')
print(xtable(Exposed.Fraction@output), type = 'html')

ggplot(exposureFinland@output, # Show a bar chart
	aes(x = Exposure, y = exposureFinlandResult)) +
	geom_bar(position="dodge") + 
	theme_grey(base_size = 24) +
	theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 90, hjust = 1))

Default run

Rationale

Calculations

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library(OpasnetUtils)
library(xtable)

exposure.fiRaw <- Ovariable("exposure.fiRaw", ddata = "Op_en5918", getddata = FALSE)

Exposure <- Ovariable(
	name = "Exposure", 
	dependencies = data.frame(Name = "exposure.fiRaw", Ident = "Op_en5918/initiate"),
	formula = function(...) {
		out <- exposure.fiRaw@output
		out <- out[out$Observation == "Exposure" , colnames(out) != "Observation"]
		colnames(out)[colnames(out) == "exposure.fiRaw"] <- "Result"
		return(out)
	}
)

Exposed.Fraction <- Ovariable(
	name = "Exposed.Fraction", 
	dependencies = data.frame(Name = "exposure.fiRaw", Ident = "Op_en5918/initiate"),
	formula = function(...) {
		out <- exposure.fiRaw@output
		out <- out[out$Observation == "Exposed fraction" , colnames(out) != "Observation"]
		colnames(out)[colnames(out) == "exposure.fiRaw"] <- "Result"
		return(out)
	}
)

Background.Exposure <- Ovariable(
	name = "Background.Exposure", 
	dependencies = data.frame(Name = "exposure.fiRaw", Ident = "Op_en5918/initiate"),
	formula = function(...) {
		out <- exposure.fiRaw@output
		out <- out[out$Observation == "Background exposure" , colnames(out) != "Observation"]
		colnames(out)[colnames(out) == "exposure.fiRaw"] <- "Result"
		return(out)
	}
)

objects.store(exposure.fiRaw, Exposure, Exposed.Fraction, Background.Exposure)

cat("Ovariables exposure.fiRaw, Exposure, Exposed.Fraction, and Background.Exposure saved. page_indent = Op_en5918, code_name = initiate\n")

exposure.fiRaw <- EvalOutput(exposure.fiRaw)
oprint(summary(exposure.fiRaw))

Dependencies

Data

The data from op_fi:Seturi/altistus

Exposures in Finland(-)
Obs	Exposure agent	Exposure route	Unit	Exposure metric	Population	Age	Exposed fraction	Exposure	Background exposure	Description
1	Indoor radon	Inhalation	Bq /m3	-	Whole population		1	100 (95 - 105)	5 (4 - 9)
2	PM2.5	Inhalation	µg /m3	-	Whole population		1	7 (6 - 8)	3
3	Chlorination byproducts	Ingestion	µg /L	-	People using chlorinated surface water		0.44	611 (488.8 - 733.2)	0
4	Outdoor noise	Hearing	dB	Lden(dB)	Whole population		0.144	59	0	Background exposure marked as zero, because data missing, <59 dB
5	Arsenic	Ingestion	µg /L	-	People using water from bore wells		0.19; 0.01; 0.04	0.998	0.14
6	Arsenic	Ingestion	µg /L	Moderately exposed	People using wellwater in Pirkanmaa		0.267	2.5	0.14
7	Arsenic	Ingestion	µg /L	Little exposed	People using wellwater in Pirkanmaa		0.667	0.14	0.14
8	Arsenic	Ingestion	µg /L	Much exposed	People using wellwater in Pirkanmaa		0.066	34.79	0.14
9	Environmental tobacco smoke	Inhalation	Yes/no	-	Whole population		0.12; 0.178; 0.265	1	0
10	Environmental tobacco smoke	Inhalation	Yes/no	-	Whole population	>21	0.12; 0.178; 0.265	1	0
11	Environmental tobacco smoke	Inhalation	Yes/no	-	Whole population	<14	0.01; 0.03; 0.07	1	0
12	Environmental tobacco smoke	Inhalation	Yes/no	-	Whole population	<2	0.01; 0.03; 0.07	1	0
13	Environmental tobacco smoke	Inhalation	Yes/no	-	Whole population	<3	0.01; 0.03; 0.07	1	0
14	Formaldehyde	Inhalation	µg /m3	-	Whole population	<14	0.05; 0.12; 0.2	56.7	40
15	Formaldehyde	Inhalation	µg /m3	-	Whole population		1	20; 27; 50	1
16	Formaldehyde	Inhalation	µg /m3	-	Population at working age		0.03	15; 150; 500	1
17	Outdoor ozone	Inhalation	µg /m3	-	Whole population		1	7.07	0	Toinen arvio altistuneista 0.626; Exposure as SOMO35/365 (2580/365), background 70 taken already into account
18	Dampness damage	Inhalation		-	Whole population		0.05; 0.15; 0.33	1	0
19	Work noise	Hearing	dB	LAeq8h(dB)	Population at working age		0.327	0	80	Exposure marked zero, because data is missing
20	Work noise	Hearing	dB	Moderate noise exposed	Population at working age		0.057	80; 85	0	Background exposure marked as zero, because data missing
21	Work noise	Hearing	dB	Loud noise exposed	Population at working age		0.053	85; 100	0	Background exposure marked as zero, because data missing. Exposure is >85.
22	Wood dust at work	Inhalation	mg /m3	-	Population at working age		0.0185	0	0	Exposure marked zero, because data is missing
23	Hitsaushuurut työssä	Inhalation		-	Population at working age		0.01	0	0	Exposure marked zero, because data is missing
24	Diesel smoke at work	Inhalation		-	Population at working age		0.01	0	0	Exposure and background exposure marked zero, because data is missing
25	Dusts, fumes, and chemicals at work	Inhalation		-	Population at working age	15-64	0.26	0	0	Exposure and background exposure marked zero, because data is missing
26	Quatzdust	Inhalation	mg /m3	-	Population at working age		0.01996	0.02; 0.04; 0.1	0
27	Dioxin	Ingestion	pg /kg /d	-	Whole population		0.05; 0.595; 0.76	1.42; 2.65; 3.89	0
28	Benzene	Inhalation	ug /m3	-	Whole population		1	1; 3; 5	0
29	Benzene	Inhalation		-	Population at working age		0.001	10; 100; 960	3
30	Asbest at work	Inhalation		-	Population at working age		0.001	0.01; 0.05; 0.1	0
31	Methylmercury	Ingestion	mg /kg /d	-	Whole population	<1	0.95	0	0	Exposure and background exposure marked zero, because data is missing
32	Lead	Kaikki reitit	ug /L	-	Whole population		0; 0.009; 0.018	50; 63; 100	0
33	Solvents at work	Inhalation, iho		Perceived problem very large or large	Population at working age		0.185	1	0
34	Irritating chamicals at work	Iho		Perceived problem very large or large	Population at working age		0.185	1	0
35	Gases at work	Inhalation		Perceived problem very large or large	Population at working age		0.135	1	0
36	Dust at work	Inhalation		Perceived problem very large or large	Population at working age		0.321	1	0
37	Fluoride	Ingestion	mg /L	-	People living in Southern Finland using water with fluoride	<14	1	1	0	Background exposure marked as zero, because data missing, exposure >1
38	Road traffic noise	Hearing	dB	LAeq24h, exposure 40-45 dB	Whole population		0.042	40; 45	0	Background exposure marked as zero, because data missing
39	Road traffic noise	Hearing	dB	LAeq24h, exposure 45-50 dB	Whole population		0.042	45; 50	0	Background exposure marked as zero, because data missing
40	Road traffic noise	Hearing	dB	LAeq24h, exposure 50-55 dB	Whole population		0.042	50; 55	0	Background exposure marked as zero, because data missing
41	Road traffic noise	Hearing	dB	LAeq24h, exposure 55-60 dB	Whole population		0.042	55; 60	0	Background exposure marked as zero, because data missing
42	Road traffic noise	Hearing	dB	LAeq24h, exposure 60-65 dB	Whole population		0.017	60; 65	0	Background exposure marked as zero, because data missing
43	Road traffic noise	Hearing	dB	LAeq24h, exposure >65 dB	Whole population		0.008	65	0	Background exposure marked as zero, because data missing, >65dB
44	Street traffic noise	Hearing	dB	LAeq07-22, exposure 40-45 dB	Whole population		0.056	40; 45	0	Background exposure marked as zero, because data missing
45	Street traffic noise	Hearing	dB	LAeq07-22, exposure 45-50 dB	Whole population		0.056	45; 50	0	Background exposure marked as zero, because data missing
46	Street traffic noise	Hearing	dB	LAeq07-22, exposure 50-55 dB	Whole population		0.056	50; 55	0	Background exposure marked as zero, because data missing
47	Street traffic noise	Hearing	dB	LAeq07-22, exposure 55-60 dB	Whole population		0.056	55; 60	0	Background exposure marked as zero, because data missing
48	Street traffic noise	Hearing	dB	LAeq07-22, exposure 60-65 dB	Whole population		0.007	60; 65	0	Background exposure marked as zero, because data missing
49	Street traffic noise	Hearing	dB	LAeq07-22, exposure >65 dB	Whole population		0.001	65	0	Background exposure marked as zero, because data missing >65dB
50	Railroad noise	Hearing	dB	LAeq07-22, exposure 40-45 dB	Whole population		0.0007	40; 45	0	Background exposure marked as zero, because data missing
51	Railroad noise	Hearing	dB	LAeq07-22, exposure 45-50 dB	Whole population		0.0007	45; 50	0	Background exposure marked as zero, because data missing
52	Railroad noise	Hearing	dB	LAeq07-22, exposure 50-55 dB	Whole population		0.0007	50; 55	0	Background exposure marked as zero, because data missing
53	Railroad noise	Hearing	dB	LAeq07-22, exposure 55-60 dB	Whole population		0.0071	55; 60	0	Background exposure marked as zero, because data missing
54	Railroad noise	Hearing	dB	LAeq07-22, exposure 60-65 dB	Whole population		0.0018	60; 65	0	Background exposure marked as zero, because data missing
55	Railroad noise	Hearing	dB	LAeq07-22, exposure >65 dB	Whole population		0.0003	65	0	Background exposure marked as zero, because data missing >65dB
56	Civil air traffic noise	Hearing	dB	Lden, exposure 45-50 dB	Whole population		0.0004	45; 50	0	Background exposure marked as zero, because data missing
57	Civil air traffic noise	Hearing	dB	Lden, exposure 50-55 dB	Whole population		0.0004	50; 55	0	Background exposure marked as zero, because data missing
58	Civil air traffic noise	Hearing	dB	Lden, exposure 55-60 dB	Whole population		0.0004	55; 60	0	Background exposure marked as zero, because data missing
59	Civil air traffic noise	Hearing	dB	Lden, exposure 60-65 dB	Whole population		0.0004	60; 65	0	Background exposure marked as zero, because data missing
60	Civil air traffic noise	Hearing	dB	Lden, exposure >65 dB	Whole population		0	65	0	Background exposure marked as zero, because data missing, >65dB
61	Airforce noise	Hearing	dB	Lden, exposure 45-50 dB	Whole population		0.0004	45; 50	0	Background exposure marked as zero, because data missing
62	Airforce noise	Hearing	dB	Lden, exposure 50-55 dB	Whole population		0.0004	50; 55	0	Background exposure marked as zero, because data missing
63	Airforce noise	Hearing	dB	Lden, exposure 55-60 dB	Whole population		0.0004	55; 60	0	Background exposure marked as zero, because data missing
64	Airforce noise	Hearing	dB	Lden, exposure 60-65 dB	Whole population		0.0003	60; 65	0	Background exposure marked as zero, because data missing
65	Airforce noise	Hearing	dB	Lden, exposure >65 dB	Whole population		0	65	0	Background exposure marked as zero, because data missing, >65dB
66	Other outdoor noise	Hearing	dB	LAeq07-22, exposure 40-45 dB	Whole population		0.0018	40; 45	0	Background exposure marked as zero, because data missing
67	Other outdoor noise	Hearing	dB	LAeq07-22, exposure 45-50 dB	Whole population		0.0018	45; 50	0	Background exposure marked as zero, because data missing
68	Other outdoor noise	Hearing	dB	LAeq07-22, exposure 50-55 dB	Whole population		0.0018	50; 55	0	Background exposure marked as zero, because data missing
69	Other outdoor noise	Hearing	dB	LAeq07-22, exposure 55-60 dB	Whole population		0.0018	55; 60	0	Background exposure marked as zero, because data missing
70	Other outdoor noise	Hearing	dB	LAeq07-22, exposure 60-65 dB	Whole population		0.0003	60; 65	0	Background exposure marked as zero, because data missing
71	Other outdoor noise	Hearing	dB	LAeq07-22, exposure >65 dB	Whole population		0.0001	65	0	Background exposure marked as zero, because data missing, >65dB

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Exposures in Finland

Contents

Question

Answer

Rationale

Calculations

Dependencies

Data

Formula

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