User:EmmaA
Homework 1
2. What is pragmatism?
- Theory and practice are not perceived as separate entities, but instead they are seen as deeply intertwined
6. What is benefit-risk assessment?
- A process intended to qualitatively or quantitatively estimate the benefits and risks of an exposure (or lack of exposure). It includes the potential to integrate both benefits and risks into comparable measures.
19. What does it mean that the results of assessments can be considered intentional artifacts?
- The results are intended to influence the end of health and well-being through societal decisions and actions.
Homework 3
Scope
The purpose of the assessment is to determine what is the best way to increase the use of public transport in Kuopio to decrease GEG emissions caused by traffic.
Question
What is the best way to increase the use of public transport in Kuopio?
Intended use and users
City of Kuopio, local bus companies, citizens and employers in Kuopio. For the city, bus companies and employers the information is meant to be used in decision-making.
Participants
All the intended users
Scenarios
- Business as usual
- Lowering ticket prices (by the bus companies or by subsidies from the city)
- Increasing bus departures and bus lines (with or without decreasing less used departures and lines)
- Introducing travel cards as employee benefit to employers
- Different combinations from the scenarios (e.g. lowered ticket prices along with introducing travel cards as employee benefit)
Analyses
- Analyses of changes in the use of public transport in different scenarios and the effect of these changes on the amount of other traffic -> estimation of the changes in GEG emissions
- Estimation of the cost effects in different scenarios (costs separated into costs of the city, companies, employers and passengers)
Answer
Results
The amount of GEG emissions and the costs of the city, companies, employers and passengers are...
Conclusion
It seems, that the best way to increase the use of public transport in Kuopio is...
Rationale
Endpoints
The city of Kuopio
- interested in the change in costs of the city and GEG emissions
Bus companies
- interested in the change in their costs with different scenarios
Employers
- interested in the costs
Citizens
- interested in the ticket prices and the accessibility of public transport
Variables
Main variables in the assessment are GEG emissions and costs. Health endpoints that should be considered are the ones that are related to GEG emissions.