Unit heat consumption of buildings in Finland

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Question

What is the average unit heat consumption (energy purchase, kWh/m2/year) of different types of residential buildings in Finland?

Characterisation of buildings:

  • Building type (detached house, row house, apartment building)
  • Construction decade
  • Primary heat source (light oil, pellet, district heat, electricity, geothermal)

Answer

Rationale

Heat consumption of a building depends on the outdoor air temperature, preferred indoor air temperature, insulation, air tightness and surface area of the building envelope (walls, roof, floor, windows, doors), ventilation rate and heat recovery from the ventilated air, heating system (efficiency of heat production and recovery of lost heat), hot water demand, internal heat gains from people and electrical equipment, and external heat gains from the sun.

Models for calculating building heat consumption

Data needed in the model

Outdoor temperature in Finland

  • Finnish Meteorological Institute temperature statistics[3]:
    • Monthly temperatures (Celsius) in different observation points in Finland in 1971-2000
    • Areas (Southern Finland, Western Finland, Eastern Finland, Northern Finland) are defined based on Statistics Finland major regions classification[4]
    • The average monthly temperature in each area has been calculated as the mean of all the observation points (cities) within that area.
Area/City January February March April May June July August September October November December Average for September-May
Southern Finland
Kaarina (Yltöinen) -4.6 -5.5 -1.9 3.1 9.6 14.4 16.9 15.3 10.4 5.7 1 -2.2 1.7
Helsinki-Vantaa (airport) -5.2 -5.7 -2.2 3.3 10 14.6 16.9 15.3 10.1 5.2 0.1 -2.2 1.5
Lahti (Laune) -6.8 -7.3 -2.9 2.8 9.9 14.6 16.6 14.6 9.1 4.2 -0.8 -2.2 0.7
Lappeenranta (airport) -8 -8.1 -3.2 2.5 9.9 14.7 17.2 14.9 9.4 3.9 -1.4 -2.2 0.3
Average -6.2 -6.7 -2.6 2.9 9.9 14.6 16.9 15.0 9.8 4.8 -0.3 -2.2 1.1
Western Finland
Tampere-Pirkkala (airport) -6.7 -7 -2.8 3 9.5 14.4 16.6 14.6 9.4 4.7 -1 -2.2 0.8
Jyväskylä (airport) -8.5 -8.7 -4 1.4 8.7 14 16 13.7 8.2 3.2 -2.2 -6.4 -0.9
Seinäjoki (Pelmaa) -7.1 -7.3 -3.2 2.2 8.8 13.9 15.4 13.8 8.7 3.9 -1.4 -6.4 -0.2
Average -7.4 -7.7 -3.3 2.2 9.0 14.1 16.0 14.0 8.8 3.9 -1.5 -5.0 -0.1
Eastern Finland
Tohmajärvi (Kemie) -10 -9.8 -4.4 1.3 8.6 14 16.1 13.5 8.2 3 -2.9 -6.4 -1.4
Valtimo (Kk) -11.1 -10.8 -5 0.6 8 13.7 16 13.3 7.8 2.3 -3.7 -6.4 -2.0
Siikajoki -9.4 -9 -4.4 1 7.6 13.1 15.5 13 7.9 2.8 -3.1 -6.4 -1.4
Average -10.2 -9.9 -4.6 1.0 8.1 13.6 15.9 13.3 8.0 2.7 -3.2 -6.4 -1.6
Northern Finland
Rovaniemi (airport) -11.7 -11.0 -6.1 -1.0 5.8 12.2 14.9 12.1 6.6 0.2 -6.1 -10.0 -3.7


Dependencies

  • Outdoor air temperature
  • Indoor air temperature
  • Building envelope (walls, roof, floor, windows, doors)
    • Insulation (heat conductance)
    • Air tightness (involuntary air leakage)
  • Air ventilation (rate, heat recovery)
  • Heating system (heat production efficiency and heat loss from distribution within a building)
  • Internal heat gains (electrical equipment, people, recovery of heat loss from heat distribution within a building)
  • External heat gains (sun)
  • Hot water demand

Formula

See also

Keywords

Building, heat consumption

References

  1. ↑ Ympäristöministeriö 2007. Rakennuksen energiakulutuksen ja lämmitystehon tarpeen laskenta.. Ohjeet 2007. D5 Suomen rakentamismääräyskokoelma, Ympäristöminiteriö, Asunto- ja rakennusosasto.
  2. ↑ Ympäristöministeriö 2007. Rakennuksen energiakulutuksen ja lämmitystehon tarpeen laskenta.. Ohjeet 2007. D5 Suomen rakentamismääräyskokoelma, Ympäristöminiteriö, Asunto- ja rakennusosasto. Luonnos 28.9.2010
  3. ↑ Ilmatieteenlaitos, kuukausitilastot
  4. ↑ Tilastokeskus, Suomen suuraluejako

Related files

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Unit heat consumption of buildings in Finland. Opasnet . [1]. Accessed 21 Dec 2024.


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