Energy supply policies in Europe
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Scope
What are potential energy supply policies in Europe (EU-30) during the period 2010-2050 such that
- they maintain or improve the energy supply system,
- they help to achieve the climate change mitigation targets,
- they are economically feasible?
Definition
Data
- The consumer policies affecting the energy demand are listed in Energy efficiency policies on domestic appliances in Europe.
Dependencies
Unit
-
Formula
Result
{{#opasnet_base_link:Op_en4066}}
| European climate policies | ||
|---|---|---|
| Policy | European BAU | European policy scenario |
| Basic energy policy | None of the policies below | All of the policies below |
| More nuclear energy in power production | None except this | All except this |
| More biofuels in power production | None except this | All except this |
| More renewables in power production | None except this | All except this |
| Reduced gas leaks | None except this | All except this |
| More combined heat and power | None except this | All except this |
| Liquid biofuels in transport | None except this | All except this |
| Electricity in transport | None except this | All except this |
| Gas, hydrogen etc in transport | None except this | All except this |
| More biomass in heat production | None except this | All except this |
| More natural gas in heat production | None except this | All except this |
| Carbon capture and storage | None except this | All except this |
For the logic of the assessment table above, see the explanation on Road transport policies in Europe#Result.
| Policy | Reference (BAU) | Policy option (Careful! partly hypothetical!) |
|---|---|---|
| More nuclear energy in power production | No new nuclear energy | Increase nuclear energy by 50 %, reduce hard coal and lignite by the same amount. |
| More biofuels in power production | No change in biofuels (3 % of total energy supply). | Increase the amount of biofuels to 20 % of the total energy supply. Reduce natural gas, hard coal and lignite by the same amount (60 % reduction?) |
| More renewables in power production | No new renewables (keep to current 14 % of total energy supply). | Increase renewables to 35 % by increasing photovoltaic cells*10, wind*8, hydro*1.5. Reduce hard coal and lignite by the same amount. |
| Reduced gas leaks | No new actions to gas pipes. | Clear improvements with gas pipes and considerable reduction in leakages. |
| More combined heat and power (CHP) | No change in production of combined heat and power. | Considerable increase in CHP (how much?). Reduce coal and lignite by the amount that electricity is supplied. |
| Liquid biofuels in transport | No additional biofuels in transport. | 4700 PJ/a of additional biofuels in transport. Source of biofuel? |
| Electricity in transport | No new electric vehicles? | 30 % of new cars are electric (see Road transport policies in Europe). What is the increase in electricity need? |
| Gas, hydrogen etc in transport | No major change? | The Road transport policies in Europe only assume increased hybrid and electric cars. Should there be hydrogen or gas as well? |
| More biomass in heat production | No change in biofuels (3 % of total energy supply). | Increase the amount of biofuels to 20 % of the total energy supply. Reduce natural gas, hard coal and lignite by the same amount (60 % reduction?) |
| More natural gas in heat production | ? | ? |
| Carbon capture and storage | No carbon capture and storage (CCS). | Increase CCS in coal, lignite, and natural gas plants (how much? - will be result of energy model; for screening purpose any percentage reslts in the same mDALY / tCO2). No change in total energy production. |