Decision analysis and risk management - background information

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Background information to Decision Analysis and Risk course: Available courses on the field

Marko Tainio, 17.2.2010

Energy and Environmental Risk Management (EERM), University of Milano, Italy

http://www.mastereerm.unimib.it/default.asp?idPagine=302&funzione= (Old versions?: http://www.mastersportal.eu/students/browse/programme/13843/energy-and-environmental-risk-management.html http://users.unimi.it/euma2312/english/presentazione/obiettivi_frame.htm)

Overview

The object of the course is to create professional people, specialised in the management of energy resources by means of the latest energy technologies, with a level of technique in the management of financial risk and who are able to operate within the real world of industry in the role of energy managers.

The EERM Master’s in Energy and Environmental Risk Management meets this professional need by offering a course which is characterised by having a solid theoretical base, in both the fields of the rational use of energy using innovative energy technologies and financial risk management. The most modern analytical tools, derived from the theory of finance and the most modern techniques for the quantitative analysis of risk will be used on the course through computer simulations of case studies.

One of the strong points of this Master is the synergy between the academic theoretical approach and the professional experience offered. There will be contributions from international academic experts and prominent figures from businesses and public institutions in the energy sector. The link between the competences of the two realities allows for the development of a training programme of the highest level, able to provide professionals for the ‘Energy Management’ sector in an organic, new and complete way. To this end, at the end of the course, there will be a work experience with the companies and other organisations which are participating in this initiative. The Master’s provides a professional training in line with the training objectives of various local organisations (at regional and provincial level).

Courses

AREA: ENERGETICS

• Quantitative Methods for Industrial Applications
• Principles of Power and Energy Economics
• Network Systems
• Technology and Economics of Energy Sources

AREA: ENERGY ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT

• Finance
• Accounting and Industrial Organization
• Economics of Energetic Sector
• Regolamentation of Energy Markets
• Energy Management
• Technology and Economics of Nuclear Energy
• Technology and Economics of Renewable Resources

AREA: ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISK MANAGEMENT

• Evaluating and Financing energetic projects
• Environmental Markets
• Modelling Prices of Energy
• Financial Derivatives and Risk in Energy Markets
• Managing and Evaluating environmental risk
• Models for Electricity markets

The Cyprus International Institute (CII) for the Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Cyprus

http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/cyprus/gradpostgrad.html#cyprus

Overview

The CII's academic activities will include: (i) research, teaching and training, (ii) creating new technologies related to the environmental and public health for potential use and development by industries (iii) bringing together distinguished educators, researchers and practitioners to confront a wide range of environmental and public health concerns facing the Republic of Cyprus and countries in the Region, and (iv) providing academic programmes to students, researchers and other scholars in the Republic of Cyprus and the Region.

Environmental Health is a complex, multifaceted field dedicated to explore the link between environmental factors and human health. This interdisciplinary field of study includes topics ranging from air and water quality, environmental genetics, physiology, risk assessment, occupational and environmental epidemiology, environmental toxicology, environmental law and sustainable development. Work in the field of Environmental Health extends from basic research on the mechanisms of disease, to the application of practical measures to reduce risks at individual and population levels.

The graduates of this programme acquire skills that prepare them for leadership positions in governmental and international organizations, consulting, private industry, and research. They become proficient in the full range of environmental and public health practices and research. Graduates are also prepared for further studies leading to doctorate degrees at Harvard School of Public Health and other institutions.

Courses

The Courses that are offered for the MSc in Environmental Health are presented below by discipline:

QUANTITIVE SCIENCES

• BIOSTATISTICS
• INTRODUCTION TO EPIDEMIOLOGY
• RISK ASSESSMENT
• ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY

BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

• PHYSIOLOGY
• TOXICOLOGY
• ENVIRONMENTAL GENETICS
• OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT

• WATER POLLUTION
• AIR POLLUTION
• EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT

POLICY AND LAW

• EUROPEAN AND INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW AND POLICY
• SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
• GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
• PRACTICUM

Exposure, Epidemiology and Risk Program, Harvard University, USA

https://webapps.sph.harvard.edu/eer/index.cfm

Overview

Using an interdisciplinary approach, the Exposure, Epidemiology and Risk Program seeks to investigate and mitigate heath risks associated with environmental and occupational hazards and provide scientific evidence for sound environmental and health policies.

Problems the program is investigating include the cognitive and cardiovascular effects of lead exposure, the effects of air pollution on respiratory and cardiovascular health, airborne infection transmission and health effects of bioaerosols, the effects of infectious agents and disinfection by products in drinking water, biomarkers of environmental exposure, and genetic susceptibility to environmentally induced malignancies. Faculty members measure and model ambient, indoor, and personal exposures to environmental and workplace contaminants, and develop instruments and methods for characterizing environmental pollutants. Advanced analytic/statistical methods are used to associate health risks with environmental factors.

An important component of the EER Program is training; the program offers both Master's and Doctoral Degrees. Currently there are 40 Doctoral and 20 Master's students enrolled.

Courses

(From the list of sample program, courses in alphabetical order)

• Analytic Frameworks for Policy
• Analytical Methods and Exposure Assessment
• Atmospheric Environment Seminars
• Cost-Effectiveness and Cost-Benefit Analysis for Health Program Evaluations
• Decision Analysis for Health and Medical Practices
• Decision Theory
• Economic Analysis
• Ecotoxicology
• Elements of Epidemiologic Research
• Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology
• Environmental Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Practicum
• Environmental Genetics
• Environmental Law, Policy, and Economics: Pollution Prevention and Control
• Environmental Organic Chemistry
• Evaluation of Benefit-Cost Analysis in Public Health & Environmental Policy
• Exposure Assessment for Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology
• Fundamentals of Human Environmental Exposure Assessment
• Human Physiology
• Introduction to Aerobiology
• Introduction to Epidemiology
• Introduction to Statistical Methods
• Introduction to the Work Environment
• Principles of Toxicology
• Properties and Behavior of Airborne Particles
• Radiation Environment: Its Identification, Evaluation & Control
• Regression and Analysis of Variance in Experimental Research
• Regulation of Chemical Toxins, Radiation, and Biotechnology
• Risk Assessment
• Society and Health
• Water Pollution

King's Centre for Risk Management, Kings College, UK

http://www.kcl.ac.uk/projects/kcrm/ http://www.kcl.ac.uk/prospectus/graduate/index/name/risk_analysis/alpha//header_search/risk

Overview

This master's programme provides an advanced foundation in interdisciplinary risk studies. It will help students enter careers in risk governance, management, assessment or communication, or to undertake further academic research. We focus on the societal, health, safety and environmental (but not financial) aspects of risk analysis. The programme provides knowledge and understanding of:

• the role of risk in public policy, regulation and governance, theoretical concepts
• techniques and approaches to the assessment, management, governance and communication of risk across many risk fields
• institutional and organisational mechanisms for the management and governance of risk;
• ethical issues to be considered in research on risk.

Courses

Indicative, non-core content

• Practising Social Research 1
• Risk Assessment
• Risk Communication
• Risk Governance
• Risk Management
• Applied Social Science: Research Design and Project
• Approaches to the Analysis and Management or Organisations (Management Department)
• Biotechnology and the Cultural Politics of Nature
• Environmental GIS
• Environmental Actors and Politics
• Environmental Remote Sensing
• Modelling Environmental Change at the Land Surface
• Monitoring Environmental Change
• Qualitative Research Methods
• Quantitative Research Methods
• Risk Internship
• Theory and Methodologies of the Social Sciences
• Techniques for Managing Environmental Change at the Earth's surface
• Water Resources & Water Policy

Risk Management, Middlesex University, UK http://www.web.mdx.ac.uk/risk/ http://www.mdx.ac.uk/courses/postgraduate/public_health/Risk_Management_MSc.aspx

Overview The Risk Management Masters at Middlesex in London is unique in that it takes on a multi-faceted approach, exploring the many different disciplines that consider risk within organisations, finance, law, health and safety, engineering, economics.

We adopt a multidisciplinary, multi-professional and multi-regional approach to the teaching and practice of risk management. We focus on issues, whether manmade or natural, which have enterprise wide, national or even international implications and have the potential for harm to business, the economy, health and safety, the environment and-or to society at large.

Throughout the Risk Management Masters we attempt to examine the field of risk in ways that account for the requirements of both developed and developing countries. This course will appeal to people in mid career who are being asked to come out of one risk "silo" and take on a wider risk portfolio (or younger people who aspire to this role).

Courses (Course modules) Research Methods (30 Credits) - Compulsory To provide graduate students with the organisational and management skills to administer an MSc/PhD research project. Management skills are supported by knowledge of experimental design, quantitative and qualitative analytical techniques, presentation skills and interactive computing skills. A range of environmental and technological examples will are used throughout the module to develop planning and analytical skills. Subject specific skills are provided by programme tutors to cover instrumental analytical techniques, specific case studies and specific data analyses relevant to individual programmes.

Research Project (60 Credits) - Compulsory This module aims to provide an opportunity for the student to develop original and independent research investigations aimed at integrating theoretical knowledge and technical expertise to solve a practical problem at a relevant postgraduate level using appropriate research techniques.

Risk Management Decision Making (30 Credits) - Compulsory To provide students with advanced understanding of the subject area and enable them to critically evaluate: Psychological, social, economic, legal, cultural and philosophical factors which impinge upon personal and institutional risk management decision making. How and why these factors are important and when and how they may be incorporated into risk decision processes. The roles of risk communication and some of the techniques available Risk ranking and prioritisation: sources of bias in decision making.

Risk Management Techniques (30 Credits) - Compulsory To educate participants in theoretical and practical dimensions of risk management decision making from a multi-disciplinary, science-led perspective. To enable participants to better understand the process of decision making and the factors which influence it, and hence to critically assess existing processes and/or make more-informed and better risk decisions, building upon and extending rational approaches currently favoured in risk assessment and risk management. To complement PRS4606 which focuses upon economic, psychological, social, communicative and cultural factors which affect choice and the implications this has for decision making. This module recognises that there are conflicts over how decisions are and should be made and attempts to provide an overview so that students will ultimately be in a position to make their own choices based upon a wide appreciation of the issues. Where students are taking this module as part of programmes other than risk management, specific issues relating to their specific discipline will be addressed through programme specific components.

General Toxicology and Environmental Health Risk Assessment (ToxEn), University of Eastern Finland, Finland http://www.uku.fi/toxen/index.shtml

Overview Toxicology and environmental science are applied sciences which are based on basic sciences like chemistry, biology, physiology and physics. The backbone for human toxicological risk assessment and exposure assessment is the understanding of the mechanisms of toxic effects in human body and good quality toxicity testing of new chemicals.

We provide an international master's degree programme where students, after common basic studies in toxicology and environmental science can specialize either in general toxicology including toxicological risk assessment or environmental health risk assessment with special emphasis on exposure assessment.

Courses (Tentative list of courses)

Common basic studies • Introduction to ToxEn and personal study plan • Introduction to laboratory practice (for GTE students) or Introduction to pharmacology and toxicology laboratory (for GTG students) • Introduction to epidemiology • Environmental health for international students

Common compulsory studies • Exposure assessment • Organ toxicology • Toxicological and Environmental risk assessement and risk communication • Toxicology of compounds • Toxicity testing

Specific courses on General toxicology • Clinical toxicology and drug safety • Genetic and reproductive toxicology • Competence course for scientist using experimental animals • Pharmacogenomics • Immunotoxicology • Information Skills and Basics in Legislation of Toxicology • Regulatory toxicology • Advanced toxicological risk assessment • Toxicopathology • Occupational toxicology

Specific courses on Environmental health • Aerosol science • Health effects of air pollutants • Decision analysis and risk management • Design of ecological and environmental experiments • Dosimetry of ionizing radiation • Ecotoxicology and risk assessment • Environmental chemistry • Environmental epidemiology • Environmental health risk assessment • Exposure measurements • Environmental regulations • Health effects of radiation • Introduction to environmental legislation • Measurements and dosimetry of electromagnetic fields • Measurements of optical radiation • Radioecology and toxicology

Risk Science, University of Michigan, USA http://www.sph.umich.edu/ehs/risk/degrees.html

Overview The MPH degree in Risk Science offers a unique opportunity to have natural science based skills for calculation and modeling risk as well as an opening into the field of decision making. The mission of the Risk Sciences MPH degree is to provide graduates capable of assessing environmental and occupational risks using the best available risk assessment tools; communicating the results of risk assessments to the appropriate target audience(s) and identifying alternative actions that can help reduce or prevent environmental and occupational risks, thereby improving human health.

In addition to the general public and environmental health education provided by the SPH and EHS Cores, students will acquire advanced knowledge and understanding about: • Risk science, including environmental chemistry, fate and exposure modeling, and toxicokinetics. • Risk assessment approaches, including probabilistic methods and life cycle impacts. • Methods of risk communication to scientific and lay communities • Risk management, including priority setting and decision-making, along with foresighting methods to prevent or mitigate future risks. • Contemporary risk assessment practices in government and industry (including insurance, service, and consulting sectors.

Graduating students should have practical skills in risk assessment that include the ability to: • Identify environmental risks. • Apply up-to-date fate and exposure models to identify, characterize, and quantify exposure pathways, both indoors and outdoors. • Assess dose-response relationships, including the identification of properties of chemicals that render them potentially hazardous to health and the properties of biological systems that modify susceptibility to toxicants. • Characterize risk for a wide range of applications, using both current and emerging probabilistic and comparative methods, as well as life cycle approaches. • Evaluate the roles of both evidence-based science and public perception in communicating risk. • Analyze the risks, costs and benefits of present or proposed regulations, practices, and technologies. • Utilize scenario analyses and foresighting methods to predict, mitigate and prevent future risks. • Assist decision making related to risk management, with consideration of the legal, social, and institutional contexts.

Courses • Applied Biostatistics • Principles of Toxicology • Principles of Exposure Assessment • Environmental Impact Assessment • Environmental Chemistry • Topics in Environmental Health Sciences • Application of Regression Analysis to Public Health Studies • Occupational and Environmental Diseases • Principles of Risk Assessment • Systems Thinking for Sustainable Enterprise • Strategies and Uses of Epidemiology • Topics in Environmental Health Sciences (continued) • Professional Perspectives in Environmental Health • Evaluation of Chemizal Hazards • Life Cycle Assessment • Psychosocial Factors in Health Behavior • Decision Processes • Principles of GSI • Risk Benefit Analysis • Survey of the U.S. Health Care System

Toxicology and Environmental Health (IRAS), Utrecht University, the Netherlands http://www.uu.nl/EN/informationfor/internationalstudents/teh/Pages/study.aspx

Overview Toxicology and Environmental Health deals with the health risks of exposure to potentially harmful agents in the environment, in the workplace and through the food chain. This Master's programme in Toxicology and Environmental Health (T&EH) is organised by the Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), an inter-faculty institute of Utrecht University.

Risks are a part of life. We perceive, ignore and experience and take risks every day. Most of us would prefer to live long and healthy lives, and so risks (especially unnecessary ones) are to be avoided, though not necessarily to the exclusion of all else. The MSc Toxicology and Environmental Health focuses on the assessment of environmental risks.

In this programme, you will acquire knowledge and practical skills in the recognition and evaluation of human and animal exposure to potentially hazardous factors in the environment, in the workplace and in the food chain. Possible effects on ecosystems are also examined. This knowledge will be gained through qualitative and quantitative analysis in both fundamental and applied research.

Courses • Theoretical courses o Exposure assessment of chemical, biological and physical agents o Health effects of chemical, biological and physical agents o Risk Assessment and Risk Management • Major Research Project • Minor Research Project • Elective Component • Master’s thesis • Seminars

Risk and Environmental Modelling, Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands http://dutiosc.twi.tudelft.nl/~risk/

Overview Mathematics plays an important role in protecting man and his environment from natural hazards and man-made risks. Predicting natural disasters, tracking the movement of hazardous materials, assessing the adequacy of a flood defenses system, estimating the probabilities of catastrophic failure of complex engineering systems, communicating risks to stakeholders; all of these activities require specialized mathematical tools. Governments, industry and research institutes need mathematicians specially trained to deal with the many facets of risk. In responding to this need, the Delft University of Technology has instituted an English language Master of Science program in Risk and Environmental Modeling. The course trains students in the three core areas of decision theory, risk analysis and physical transport modeling.

Courses (required) • Risk Analysis • Stochastic Processes • Scientific Computing & Simulation • Applied Functional Analysis • Decision Theory/Expert Judgment • Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analysis • Environmental Modeling • Extreme Value Theory and Ruin Models • Bio and Environmental Statistics • Computational Aspects of Stochastic Differential Equations • Advanced Topics in Decision Theory • Reliability Theory and Sustainability Modeling

System Design and Management Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA http://sdm.mit.edu/customized_programs.html Note: This might not be the only program with risk topics but it's the only one I found from MIT.

Overview Created in 1996 in response to industry’s need to develop the next generation of leaders, SDM is at the forefront of graduate education at MIT. SDM combines cutting edge courses from the MIT Sloan School of Management and MIT’s School of Engineering, flexible matriculation options and an interdisciplinary perspective. SDM prepares graduates to think creatively, lead across organizational boundaries and inspire others to collaborate and innovate in both technical and non-technical arenas.

The centerpiece of SDM’s portfolio is its rigorous 13- to 24-month graduate program. The SDM curriculum is built on a foundation of core courses in system architecture, systems engineering, and system and project management—integrated with management courses tailored to students with significant industry experience and a solid technical background—and complimented by engineering and management electives.

Courses

Core Courses

• System Architecture • Systems Engineering • System and Project Management

Foundation Courses • Engineering Risk-Benefit Analysis • Systems Optimization • The Human Side of Technology • Financial and Managerial Accounting • Operations and Supply Chain Management • Innovation in the Marketplace • Product Design and Development • Technology Strategy

Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, USA http://ehs.sph.berkeley.edu/

Overview Note! Beside the M.S. program, Environmental Health Sciences department has also Exposure Assessment Program and Global Health & Environment Program.

The M.S. program emphasizes interdisciplinary training in the environmental health sciences. Upon completion of the program, M.S. graduates will be prepared to: • Describe how chemical agents are tested for acute, subchronic and chronic health effects, including reproductive, developmental and carcinogenic effects, and interpret toxicological data in terms of relevance to human health. • Describe how humans are exposed to chemical, physical, and biological agents in the workplace and environment, and • Describe how exposures are assessed and can be controlled through administrative procedures, personal protective equipment and various engineering technologies. • Utilize epidemiological data, with due regard to statistical validity, in the assessment of the nature and degree of impact of hazardous agents on the health of human populations. • Analyze risk management decisions, demonstrating the scientific components of environmental and occupational health assessment and the policy context in which risk management decisions are made. • Utilize and adapt technical methods for the measure or evaluation of hazards in the environment and the workplace, and communicate such to decision makers. • Identify significant gaps in the current knowledge base concerning health effects of environmental agents. • Identify the most important disease burdens with major environmental risk factors and the environmental risk factors that produce the most disease burden. • Identify areas of uncertainty in the exposure and risk assessment processes. • Describe current legislation and regulation regarding environmental health issues. • Develop and conduct a research project in an area of interest. • Organize information and data, prepare technical reports and give oral presentations on environmental contaminants and the impacts on human health.

Courses Full list of courses though by the Environmental Health Science department.

INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES. • INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY • HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT, REGULATION, and POLICY • OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY • MOLECULAR AND GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY • CHARACTERIZATION OF AIRBORNE CHEMICALS. • HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT • CURRENT TOPICS IN ENVIORNMENTAL MEDICINE. • OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY. • OCCUPATIONAL BIOMECHANICS. • ERGONOMICS SEMINAR. • EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL I. • ADVANCED TOXICOLOGY • PRACTICAL TOXICOLOGY • REPRODUCTIVE HAZARDS OF INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS. • GLOBAL BURDEN OF DISEASE. • SCIENCE AND POLICY FOR ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH. • GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE FOR HEALTH SCIENTISTS • GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SCIENCE FOR PUBLIC AND ENVIRONEMENTAL HEALTH • INTEGRITY IN THE CONDUCT OF RESEARCH • QUANTITATIVE EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT • EHS SEMINAR FOR DOCTORAL STUDENTS • FIELD STUDY IN ERGONOMICS • CLINICAL ERGONOMICS • QUANTITATIVE EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT

Master of Health Science (MHS) in Environmental Health, Johns Hopkins University, USA http://www.jhsph.edu/dept/ehs/programs/degree/mhs/environmental_health/index.html

Overview The academic Master of Health Science program in Environmental Health provides a systematic introduction to environmental health sciences. Specialization of coursework in the areas of: • human toxicology and pathophysiology, • population environmental health • sustainability and global environmental health,

The Specialty Track in Human Toxicology and Pathophysiology is designed for students whose interests lay in laboratory-oriented approaches to the study of chemical and biological agents in the environment that affect health and the mechanisms through which they do so. Building upon the required introductory course in toxicology, specialty courses include two each in advanced toxicology, environment-related disease and laboratory-based biostatistics. Options include completing requirements for either the Risk Sciences or Humane Sciences certificates. Through lectures, discussion and class assignments, students in this track will develop a solid understanding of the ways in which environmental exposures can translate into health risks and the ways in which these risks can be evaluated and mitigated.

The Specialty Track in Population Environmental Health builds upon the broad population views of the program-required courses in epidemiology and environmental health principles. It is designed for students whose interests in the basic sciences extend toward the community and social aspects of environmental health. Specialty track courses include those that present issues and interventive approaches from the population perspective and require participation of students in community outreach activities. The Risk Sciences series may also be completed. Through coursework and direct participation, students will develop an understanding of the nature of the problems that affect subsets of the population and the challenges faced in their solution.

The Specialty Track in Sustainability and Global Environmental Health is designed for students who wish to develop an understanding of the factors that are driving current changes in the global environment and how their consequences affect human health at the individual and population levels. Students will be exposed to a broad range of topics that are traditionally not in the domains of public health, such as urban planning, transportation policy, energy policy and technology, landscape architecture, and the green building movement. These will be combined with public health skills so that students can critically analyze the challenges and offer a variety of solutions. Through coursework and seminars, students will learn how choices in the use of land, water, and energy to support transportation systems, food production and distribution, and a growing population impact the environment on local, regional, and global scales. Students will learn why energy prices have been steadily rising, and the evidence for the conclusion that the era of cheap and plentiful energy may be over; and how the implications of this for public health are myriad and serious. Climate change, loss of biodiversity, ecosystem degradation and the depletion of other global resources will be considered in the context of their impact on health on a global scale, and what visions for a sustainable future may look like.

Courses (All the courses mentioned in curriculum, listed alphabetically)

• Academic Ethics Module • Alternative Methods in Animal Testing • Animals in Research: Law, Policy and Humane Sciences • Biostatistics course sequence. • Biostatistics for Laboratory Scientists II • Buildings, Land Use, Transportation and Public Health • Clinical Environmental and Occupational Toxicology • Energy Policy Choices and Public Health • Environmental and Health Concerns in Water Use and Reuse • Environmental and Occupational Health Lawand Policy • Environmental Health and the Developing World • Environmental Health in Neurological and Mental Disorders • Ethics and Integrity: and International Issues Food- and Water-Borne Diseases • Food Production, Public Health and the Environment Online • Fundamentals of Clinical Oncology for Public Health Practitioners • Fundamentals of Human Physiology • Fundamentals of Occupational Health • Global Environmental Health • Global Sustainability Seminar • Health Effects of Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution • Health Perspectives on Research I • Immunology of Environmental Disease • Introduction to Environmental Health Practice • Introduction to International Health • Introduction to the Risk Sciences and Public Policy • Methods in Quantitative Risk Assessment • Molecular Epidemiology and Biomarkers inPublic Health • Principles of Bacterial Infection • Principles of Environmental Health II • Principles of Epidemiology • Public Health Perspectives on Research II • Public Health Toxicology • Research Ethics and Integrity: U.S. • Risk Policy, Management and Communication • Spatial Analysis and GIS I • Special Studies MHS Essay • Special Studies: Environmental Health Outreach • Statistical Methods in Public Health III • Statistical Methods in Public Health II • Statistical Methods in Public Health I • Statistical Reasoning in Public Health II • Statistical Reasoning in Public Health I • The Global Environment and Public Health • Topics in Risk Assessment • Toxicological Pathology • Toxicology: Kinetics and Dynamics • Toxicology: The Molecular Basis • Tutorial in Tissue Injury, Inflammation, and Repair

Other possible study programs found from the internet • Risk Management and Decision Processes Center, University of Pennsylvania, http://opim.wharton.upenn.edu/risk/ • Environmental Science and Policy Program, Michigan State University, http://www.espp.msu.edu/about/index.html •