PM2.5 exposure due to MSWI in Hämeenkyrö

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PM2.5 exposure due to MSWI in Hämeenkyrö

Scope

Additional primary PM2.5 exposure due to the Hämeenkyrö MSWI plant emissions. Annual average exposure concentration in Hämeenkyrö.

Description

Describes the variables affecting the personal exposure to MSWI-produced PM2.5. Certain concentration assumed and dose calculated from it.

Data needed to evaluate the personal exposure

  1. Data needed to model the PM2.5 concentration distribution around the MSWI:
    1. The emission produced by MSWI
    2. Stack height and location of MSWI in relation to municipality
    3. Meteorological data: average (e.g. daily) temperatures, wind speeds and directions, solar radiation etc.
    4. Geographical data: vegetation, elevations, town build, lakes etc.
    5. ...
  2. Data needed to convert exposure to dose:
    1. inhalable fraction of PM2.5
    2. concentration of PM2.5 around the person in the locations the person moves in
    3. time spent in different locations
    4. breathing rate of the person
    5. weight of the person
    6. ...

References:

  • Schwela D, Morawska L, Kotzias D (Eds.) 2002. Guidelines for concentration and exposure-response measurement of fine and ultra fine particulate matter for use in epidemiological studies. WHO and JRC Expert Task Force meeting, Ispra, Italy, November 2002.
  • Atmospheric dispersion model of FMI.

Definition

Formula:

D = ((IR)(P)(RF)(ET)(EF)(ED))/(BW)(AT) where

  • D = dose (mg/kg.day)
  • IR = inhalation rate (m3/h)
  • P = particle concentration in air (mg/m3)
  • RF = respirable fraction of particles (dimensioless)
  • ET = exposure time (hours/day)
  • EF = exposure frequency (days/year)
  • ED = exposure duration (years)
  • BW = body weight (kg)
  • AT = averaging time (days)(Schwela ym. 2002)

For dose over a lifetime the formula can be simplified to D = (IR)(P)(RF)/BW

Assumptions:

  • IR = 13 m3/d
  • P = the background concentration, as the emission caused by the MSWI is distributed wide and thus diluted to negligible, thus 7 mikrog/m3/d = 0,007 mg/m3/d
  • RF = 0,6
  • BW = 70 kg

HOWEVER, in most dose-response studies and health effect evaluations the dose = the exposure or even the concentration in air.

Data

0.02 µg/m3

Unit

mg d -1 kg-1

Result

Dispute:

  • 0,0008 (based on formula)
  • 0.02 µg/m3 (based on data)
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