Pathogen concentrations in raw water: Difference between revisions
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=== Calculations === | === Calculations === | ||
Put the data in this page into an ovariable | |||
<rcode | |||
name="concentration" | |||
label="Initialize raw concentration" | |||
> | |||
# This is code "Op_en7953/concentration" on page [[Pathogen concentrations in raw water]] | |||
library(OpasnetUtils) | |||
RawConcentrationAll <- Ovariable("RawConcentrationAll", ddata = "Op_en7953", getddata = TRUE) | |||
objects.store(RawConcentrationAll) | |||
cat("Ovariable RawConcentrationAll saved.\n") | |||
</rcode> | |||
The raw water default class: Surface water - high contamination | |||
<rcode | |||
name="rawclass" | |||
label="Initialize raw water class" | |||
embed=1 | |||
> | |||
# This is code "Op_en 7953/rawclass" on page [[Health impact of waterborne microbes]] | |||
library(OpasnetUtils) | |||
RawClass <- Ovariable("RawClass", data=data.frame(RawWaterClass = "Surface water - high contamination", RawClassResult = 1)) | |||
objects.store(RawClass) | |||
cat("Ovariable RawClass saved. \n") | |||
</rcode> | |||
Use the ovariable to only include data from one raw water class | |||
<rcode | <rcode | ||
| Line 88: | Line 123: | ||
library(OpasnetUtils) | library(OpasnetUtils) | ||
RawConcentration <- Ovariable("RawConcentration", | RawConcentration <- Ovariable("RawConcentration", dependencies = data.frame( | ||
Name=c("RawConcentrationAll", "RawClass"), | |||
Ident=c("Op_en7953/concentration", "Op_en 7953/rawclass") | |||
), | |||
formula = function(...){ | |||
# Use the rows of RawConcentration with the right type of raw water | |||
RawConcentration <- RawConcentration*RawClass | |||
} | |||
) | |||
objects.store(RawConcentration) | |||
cat("Ovariable RawConcentration saved.\n") | cat("Ovariable RawConcentration saved.\n") | ||
oprint(RawConcentration) | oprint(RawConcentration) | ||
Revision as of 08:27, 18 July 2019
| Moderator:Heta (see all) |
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Question
What are typical concentrations of pathogens in raw water used for drinking water?
Answer
Rationale
Raw water has been categorized based on its source and cleanliness:
- Ground water - clean
- Clean groundwater
- Groundwater - surface water contamination
- for ex. shore infiltration
- Surface water - low contamination
- Relatively clean surface water
- Surface water - medium contamination
- for ex. low waste water contamination
- Surface water - high contamination
- for ex. waste water contamination
Data
The concentrations are based on experts' estimates on concentrations of different pathogens in different kinds of raw water sources and contamination situations. [1] [2] [3] [4]
| Obs | RawWaterClass | Pathogen | Unit | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ground water - clean | Campylobacter | microbes/l | 0 |
| 2 | Ground water - clean | E.coli O157:H7 | microbes/l | 0 |
| 3 | Ground water - clean | Rotavirus | microbes/l | 0 |
| 4 | Ground water - clean | Norovirus | microbes/l | 0 |
| 5 | Ground water - clean | Cryptosporidium | microbes/l | 0 |
| 6 | Ground water - clean | Giardia | microbes/l | 0 |
| 7 | Groundwater - surface water contamination | Campylobacter | microbes/l | 0 |
| 8 | Groundwater - surface water contamination | E.coli O157:H7 | microbes/l | 0 |
| 9 | Groundwater - surface water contamination | Rotavirus | microbes/l | 0 |
| 10 | Groundwater - surface water contamination | Norovirus | microbes/l | 0 |
| 11 | Groundwater - surface water contamination | Cryptosporidium | microbes/l | 0 |
| 12 | Groundwater - surface water contamination | Giardia | microbes/l | 0 |
| 13 | Surface water - low contamination | Campylobacter | microbes/l | 1 |
| 14 | Surface water - low contamination | E.coli O157:H7 | microbes/l | 1 |
| 15 | Surface water - low contamination | Rotavirus | microbes/l | 0.1 |
| 16 | Surface water - low contamination | Norovirus | microbes/l | 0.1 |
| 17 | Surface water - low contamination | Cryptosporidium | microbes/l | 0.1 |
| 18 | Surface water - low contamination | Giardia | microbes/l | 0.1 |
| 19 | Surface water - medium contamination | Campylobacter | microbes/l | 50 |
| 20 | Surface water - medium contamination | E.coli O157:H7 | microbes/l | 50 |
| 21 | Surface water - medium contamination | Rotavirus | microbes/l | 1 |
| 22 | Surface water - medium contamination | Norovirus | microbes/l | 1 |
| 23 | Surface water - medium contamination | Cryptosporidium | microbes/l | 10 |
| 24 | Surface water - medium contamination | Giardia | microbes/l | 50 |
| 25 | Surface water - high contamination | Campylobacter | microbes/l | 1000 |
| 26 | Surface water - high contamination | E.coli O157:H7 | microbes/l | 1000 |
| 27 | Surface water - high contamination | Rotavirus | microbes/l | 100 |
| 28 | Surface water - high contamination | Norovirus | microbes/l | 100 |
| 29 | Surface water - high contamination | Cryptosporidium | microbes/l | 100 |
| 30 | Surface water - high contamination | Giardia | microbes/l | 500 |
Calculations
Put the data in this page into an ovariable
The raw water default class: Surface water - high contamination
Use the ovariable to only include data from one raw water class
See also
References
- ↑ Hrudey, S. E. and Hrudey, E. J. (2004). Safe Drinking Water. Lessons from Recent Outbreaks in Affluent Nations. London, IWA Publishing.
- ↑ Medema, G. J., Teunis, P. F., Blokker, M., Deere, D., Davidson, D., Charles, P. and Loret, J. F. (2009). Risk assessment of Cryptosporidium in drinking water, World Health Organisation.
- ↑ Pedley, S., Yates, M., Schivjen, J. F., West, J., Howard, G. and Barrett, M. (2006). Pathogens: Health relevance, transport and attentuation. Protecting Groundwater for Health Managing the Quality of Drinking‐water Sources. O. Schmoll, G. Howard, J. Chilton and I. Chorus, World Health Organization
- ↑ WHO (2004). Guidelines for Drinking‐water Quality Third Edition. Volume 1. Geneva, World Health Organization.
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