Health impacts of waterborne microbes

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Question

What are the health impacts of waterborne microbes in drinking water?

Rationale

Data

Health impacts of waterborne microbes depends on the following parameters:

• Exposure to pathogens
  • Drinking water consumption
  • Concentrations of pathogens in drinking water
    • Pathogen concentrations in raw water
    • Drinking water treatment efficiency
    • Drinking water disinfection efficiency
    • Drinking water chlorination efficiency

Calculations

RCode

Daily cold tap water use of Finns

+ Show code- Hide code # This is code Op_en7957/consumption on page [[Health impacts of waterborne microbes]] library(OpasnetUtils) Wateruse = Ovariable("Wateruse", data = data.frame(WateruseResult = 1153), save = TRUE) oprint(Wateruse)

+ Show code- Hide code # This is code Op_en7957/rawconsumption in page [[Health impacts of waterborne microbes]] library(OpasnetUtils) dependencies = data.frame( Name = c("Wateruse"), Ident = c("Op_en7957/consumption") ) function = function(...){ return(2 / 3 * Wateruse / 1000) # 2/3 consumed unboiled. Converted into liters. } RawConsumption <- Ovariable("RawConsumption", dependencies = dependencies, formula = function, save = TRUE) oprint(RawConsumption)

Concentrations of pathogens in drinking water

+ Show code- Hide code #This is code "Op_en7957/pathconcentration" on page [[Health impacts of waterborne microbes]] library(OpasnetUtils) dependencies <- data.frame( Name = c("RawConcentration", "Disinfection", "TreatmentEfficiency", "ChlorineEfficiency"), Ident = c("Op_en7953/variable", "Op_en7955/variable", "Op_en7954/variable", "Op_en7956/efficiency") ) funktio <- function(...) { #MicrobeLogDecrease <- combine(Disinfection, TreatmentEfficiency, ChlorineEfficiency, name = "MicrobeLogDecrease") #MicrobeLogDecrease@output[["TreatmentMethod"]][ # MicrobeLogDecrease@output[["MicrobeLogDecreaseSource"]] == "ChlorineEfficiencyF" #] <- "Chlorination" #MicrobeLogDecrease <- oapply(MicrobeLogDecrease, cols = c("TreatmentMethod", "ChlorineDoseSource"), FUN = sum, na.rm = TRUE) # Varo laskemasta kloorausta monesti #MicrobeLogDecrease@output <- fillna(MicrobeLogDecrease@output, colnames(MicrobeLogDecrease@output)[MicrobeLogDecrease@marginal]) MicrobeLogDecrease <- orbind(Disinfection, TreatmentEfficiency) MicrobeLogDecrease <- orbind(MicrobeLogDecrease, ChlorineEfficiency) MicrobeLogDecrease <- fillna(MicrobeLogDecrease, grep("Source$", colnames(MicrobeLogDecrease))) MicrobeLogDecrease$DisinfectionResult[is.na(MicrobeLogDecrease$DisinfectionResult)] <- 0 MicrobeLogDecrease$TreatmentEfficiencyResult[is.na(MicrobeLogDecrease$TreatmentEfficiencyResult)] <- 0 MicrobeLogDecrease$ChlorineEfficiencyResult[is.na(MicrobeLogDecrease$ChlorineEfficiencyResult)] <- 0 MicrobeLogDecrease$MicrobeLogDecreaseResult <- MicrobeLogDecrease$DisinfectionResult + MicrobeLogDecrease$TreatmentEfficiencyResult + MicrobeLogDecrease$ChlorineEfficiencyResult MicrobeLogDecrease <- Ovariable( "MicrobeLogDecrease", dependencies = data.frame( Name = c("Disinfection", "TreatmentEfficiency", "ChlorineEfficiency") ), output = MicrobeLogDecrease ) MicrobeLogDecrease <- CheckMarginals(MicrobeLogDecrease, verbose = FALSE) MicrobeLogDecrease <- oapply(MicrobeLogDecrease, cols = c("TreatmentMethod"), FUN = sum, na.rm = TRUE) out <- RawConcentration * 10 ^(-1*(MicrobeLogDecrease)) return(out@output) } TreatedConcentration <- Ovariable("TreatedConcentration", dependencies = dependencies, formula = funktio, save = TRUE) oprint(TreatedConcentration)

The amount of pathogens an average water consumer is exposed to in a day

+ Show code- Hide code #This is code "Op_en7957/exposure" on page [[Health impacts of waterborne microbes]] library(OpasnetUtils) dependencies = data.frame( Name = c("TreatedConcentration", "RawConsumption"), Ident = c("Op_en7957/pathconcentration", "Op_en7957/rawconsumption") ) funktio = function(...){ return(TreatedConcentration * RawConcumption) } Exposure <- Ovariable("Exposure", dependencies = dependencies, formula = funktio, save = TRUE) oprint(Exposure)

See also

• Water guide
• http://permanent.access.gpo.gov/lps35390/cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/cfm/recordisplay.cfm-deid=55145.htm
• Finley, B., Proctor, D., Scott, P., Harrington, N., Paustenbach, D., Price, P. 1994. Recommended distributions for exposure factors frequently used in health risk assessment. Risk Analysis 14(4), 533-553.
• Havelaar, A. and Melse, J. M. (2003). Quantifying public health risk in the WHO Guidelines for Drinking‐ Water Quality: a burden of disease approach. RIVM raport 734301022. Bilthoven, RIVM.