Toolkit of the IEHIAS

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Data

• Context

Any assessment of environmental health impacts depends on the context in which it is undertaken: the specific study area and population, and the assumptions made as part of the assessment scenarios. These contextual conditions need to be specified. In addition, many of thedata sets used in an assessment (for example on sources, exposures andf health effects) have to be lined to some form of spatial reference system (such as administrative regions) or linked to recognisable environmental features (e.g. cities, landscape zones) for the purpose of analysis, visualisation and interpretation.

For all these reasons, assessments require a range of contextual or background data, including:

1. Geographic data, such as:

• administrative areas

• Administrative boundaries - EuroBoundaryMap

• topography

2. Population and demography, such as:

• population numbers or density
• age and gender
• socio-economic status

3. Background health status, such as:

• mortality rates
• morbidity

Selected data sets, and information on other data sources, are available here.

• Geographic

• Administrative

• Administrative boundaries - EuroBoundaryMap

• Topography

• Population/Demography

• Population numbers/distribution

Title

EU population: Eurostat

Eu population totals: 100 metre grid

EU age/sex stratified population: LAU2

EU age/sex stratified population: 100 metre grid

EU age- and gender- stratified population data: EMEP grid (2010, 2020, 2030 and 2050

• Behaviour/Lifestyle

• ‹ EU age- and gender- stratified population data: EMEP grid (2010, 2020, 2030 and 2050)

• Socio-economic status

• Environmental

• General environmental data sources
• Agents
• Electromagnetic radiation
• Noise
• Sources
• Releases
• Environmental media/processes

• Exposure(info)/Dose(info)

• Exposure
• Intake/dose

• Effects and Impacts

• Exposure-response relationships
• Health effects
• Impacts

Examples and case studies

• Examples of assessment methods - providing worked examples and illustrations of how to carry out specific analytical procedures and steps in the IEHIA process

• Issue-framing

• Defining the question: an example from agriculture
• Defining the question: an example from waste
• Defining the question: an example from water

• Stakeholder consultation and engagement

• Defining the stakeholders: an example from agriculture
• Defining the stakeholders: an example from waste
• Defining the stakeholders: an example from water
• Engaging stakeholders: an example from water

• Scenarios

• Creating scenarios: an example from agriculture
• Creating scenarios: an example from transport
• Creating scenarios: an example from waste
• Downscaling IPCC SRES-population scenarios from OECD- to the city-level: London, Rome, Helsinki
• Creating scenarios: an example for UVR and skin cancer
• Creating scenarios: an example from water

• Scoping

• Building conceptual models: an example from agriculture
• Building a conceptual model: the example of transport
• Scoping the assessment: ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and future skin cancer

• Indicator selection

• Building indicators: an example from agriculture

• Human biomonitoring

• Case study lead in Europe
• Exploring the full-chain approach for PAHs using 2 case studies in Flanders and the Czech Republic
• The Benchmark Dose (BMD) approach for health effects of PCB exposure
• Case study PCBs in Slovak Republic

• Population modelling

• Spatial population modelling: an example using dasymetric disaggregation

• Source characterisation

• Characterising source intensity: an example from agriculture
• Modelling road transport: examples from the Hague and Helsinki
• Network modelling: modelling waste transport
• Mask area weighting: an example for pesticides
• Stochastic allocation: an example for pesticides

• Emission modelling

• Modelling contaminant release: an example from agriculture
• Modelling contaminant releases: an example from waste

• Environmental transport and transformation

• Dispersion modelling: an example from agriculture
• Dispersion modelling: an example from waste
• Dispersion modelling; an example from transport
• Focal sum modelling: an example for agriculture
• Land use regression modelling: air pollution in Great Britain
• Modelling ultraviolet radiation exposures: a European case study
• Using a Kalman filter to improve a real time air pollution model

• Exposure modelling

• Using a Kalman filter to improve a real time air pollution model

• Intake and dose

• Intake fraction: exposure to pesticides in food
• Intake fractions of cadmium emissions from a large zinc smelter
• Using a PBPK model to assess population exposure to cadmium

• Deriving exposure-response functions

• Combining epidemiology and toxicology for the purpose of deriving ERFs: TCDD-induced dental aberrations
• Expert elicitation: case study on ultrafine particles
• Estimating-exposure response functions: an example from transport
• Estimating exposure-response functions: pesticides, PM and endotoxins from agriculture

• Health effects

• Estimating baseline skin cancer incidence for London, Helsinki and Rome
• Estimating health effects: UVR and skin cancer
• Health impact modelling: ultraviolet radiation and non-melanoma skin cancer
• Health impact modelling: ultraviolet radiation and melanoma skin cancer
• Calculating attributable cancer incidence: an example from waste
• Estimating health effects: an example from waste

• Impact analysis

• Calculating DALYs: an example from waste
• DALY calculations: UVR and skin cancer
• Impact analysis: an example from transport

• Uncertainty analysis

• Qualitative uncertainty assessment: a worked example
• Uncertainty in the agriculture case study
• Sensitivity analysis: ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and skin cancer
• Uncertainty analysis: an example from waste

• Examples of integrated assessments - comprising reports of full integrated environmental health impact assessments.

• Changing ambient UVR and future melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer in London, Rome and Helsinki
• Health effects of waste management
• Integrated assessment of heavy metal releases in Europe

Models and methods

• Contains method and model fact sheets

• Issue framing tools
• Collaborative assessment
• Scenario modelling
• Screening tools
• Spatial analysis and visualisation
• Population modelling
• Source apportionment models
• Emission models
• Air pollution models
• Hydrological and water quality models
• Noise models
• Electro-magnetic radiation models
• UV radiation models
• Micro-environmental models
• Multi-media models
• Exposure, intake and dose models
• Exposure-response function methodology
• Impact analysis methods and tools
• Uncertainty analysis methods and tools
• Generic assessment tools
• Monitoring methods

Listings

• Case study summary reports

• Case study lead in Europe
• Case study pyrene exposure
• Changing ambient UVR and future skin cancer in London, Rome and Helsinki: melanoma skin cancer (CMM)
• Changing ambient UVR and future skin cancer in London, Rome and Helsinki: non-melanoma skin cancer (BCC and SCC)
• Current and Future Impacts of Heat on Mortality in three European cities
• Health impacts of agricultural land use change in Greece and Great Britain
• Health impacts of regulative policies on use of di-n-butylphthalate (DBP) in consumer products
• Health impacts of regulative policies on use of Formaldehyde in consumer products
• Integrated environmental and health impact assessment of waste management in Lazio (Italy)
• Integrated environmental health impact assessment for disinfection by-products in drinking water
• Modelling of ambient nitrogen dioxide concentrations in the city of Barcelona, with an application to assess the impact of a bicycle stimulation policy
• Transport case study report. Do the health benefits of cycling outweigh the risks?
• Transport case study report: evaluation of the health effects of the traffic circulation plan in the Hague

• Models and tools

Title	Category
ConsExpo	Exposure Model
CalTOX	Environmental Fate Model, Exposure Model
CHIMERE	Decision support tool, Environmental Fate Model
Aguila	Uncertainly Tool
CONTAM	Exposure Model
EcoSenseWeb	Environmental Fate Model, Exposure Model, Impact Assesment/ Calculation, Whole Causal Chain
Radiation models and online simulation tools	Exposure Model
Physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) model for dioxin	Pharmacokinetic Model
Decision Support Tools metadatabase	Decision support tool
RISK IAQ model	Exposure Model
Focal sum modelling	Environmental Fate Model, Exposure Model, Impact Assesment/ Calculation
dynamiCROP	Environmental Fate Model, Exposure Model, Impact Assesment/ Calculation, Model for Valuation
PANGEA	Environmental Fate Model, Exposure Model, Impact Assesment/ Calculation, Model for Valuation
Geomorf – Geographical Model of Radio-Frequency Power Density	Environmental Fate Model
Indoor air pollution model (IndEx)

• Worked examples of assessment techniques

Title

Source characterisation

Population modelling

Evolution of ozone and particulate matter concentrations in Europe under climate change with the CHIMERE model

Combining epidemiology and toxicology for the purpose of deriving ERFs: TCDD-induced dental aberrations

Scoping

Issue-framing

Intake fractions of cadmium emissions from a large zinc smelter

Scenarios

Scoping the assessment: ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and future skin cancer

Creating scenarios: an example for UVR and skin cancer

Estimating health effects: UVR and skin cancer

Downscaling IPCC SRES-population scenarios from OECD- to the city-level: London, Rome, Helsinki

Modelling ultraviolet radiation exposures: a European case study

Estimating baseline skin cancer incidence for London, Helsinki and Rome

Health impact modelling: ultraviolet radiation and non-melanoma skin cancer

Health impact modelling: ultraviolet radiation and melanoma skin cancer

DALY calculations: UVR and skin cancer

Sensitivity analysis: ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and skin cancer

Health effects

Stakeholder consultation and engagement

Intake fraction: exposure to pesticides in food

Using a PBPK model to assess population axposure to cadmium

Expert elicitation: case study on ultrafine particles

Using a Kalman filter to improve a real time air pollution model

An algorithm for Monte Carlo analysis

Qualitative uncertainly assessment: a worked example

• Worked examples of complete assessments

Title

Case study PAHs in Czech Republic

Case study PAHs in Slovak Republic

Changing ambient UVR and future melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer in London, Rome and Helsinki

Health impacts of regulatory policies on the use of toluene in consumer products in Europe

Integrated assessment of heavy metal releases in Europe