Universal object: Difference between revisions

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<accesscontrol>members of projects,,Workshop2008,,beneris,,Erac,,Heimtsa,,Hiwate,,Intarese</accesscontrol>
<accesscontrol>members of projects,,Workshop2008,,beneris,,Erac,,Heimtsa,,Hiwate,,Intarese</accesscontrol>
[[Category:Universal object]][[category:Kuopio Risk Assessment Workshop 2008]]
[[Category:Universal object]]
[[category:Kuopio Risk Assessment Workshop 2008]]
[[Category:Glossary term]]
{{Guidebook}}
{{Guidebook}}
<section begin = glossary />
:'''Universal object''' describes a kind of object with a particular purpose and a standardised structure according to its purpose and the [[PSSP]] ontology. The [[open assessment]] contains the following kinds of objects:
:* [[Assessment]]
:* [[Variable]]
:* [[Class]]
:* [[Method]]
<section end = glossary />


According to the pyrkilo method the assessment products, descriptions of reality, are constructed following a '''formal universal information structure'''. It covers both hierarchical and cause-effect relations between objects within the information structure.
; The research question about universal objects: What are the kinds of objects that are needed to describe an assessment (including all its content about reality and all the work needed for creating the content) in such a way that all objects comply with the [[PSSP]] ontology?


The information structure contains the following kinds of objects that have a standardized format:
In general, descriptions of reality are described as [[product]]s, while the work needed to produce these descriptions is described as [[process]]es. Assessment, variable, and class are product-type objects, and method is a process-type object.
*[[Assessment]]
*[[Variable]]
*[[Class]]


In addition to the object types listed above we could add ''contexts'' as the object type that is above assessments in the hierarchical structure. In practice contexts typically do not need to be explicitly defined as such, rather only their influence in the assessments needs to be explicated, and therefore they are not considered here in any more detail.
In addition to the object types listed above we could add '''[[context]]''' as the object type that is above assessments in the hierarchical structure. In practice contexts typically do not need to be explicitly defined as such, rather only their influence in the assessments needs to be explicated, and therefore they are not considered here in any more detail.


Assessments are collections of information for helping decision-making, and the end product of a risk assessment process, that are constructed according to the intended use purpose of the assessment. They can be described as collections of variables, collected with reference to the use purpose that the assessment is intended for, complemented with information about the scope of the assessment and assessment-specific analyses and conclusions. Assessments are discrete objects having defined starting and ending points in time and specific contextually and situationally defined goals.
* '''[[Assessment]]''' is a collection of information for helping decision-making, and the end product of an [[open assessment]] process. Assessment is constructed according to its intended use purpose. It can be described as a collection of variables, collected with reference to the use purpose that the assessment is intended for, complemented with information about the scope of the assessment and assessment-specific analyses and conclusions. Assessments are discrete objects having defined starting and ending points in time and specific contextually and situationally defined goals. Assessment is needed as a separate universal object because of its context-specific properties.
 
* '''[[Variable]]''' is a description of a particular piece of reality. It can be a description of physical phenomena, or a description of value judgments. Also decisions included in an assessment are described as variables. Variables are continuously existing descriptions of reality, which develop in time as knowledge about them increases. Variables are therefore not tied into any single assessment, but instead can be included in other assessments. Variable is needed as a separate universal object as a basic building block of describing reality. {{disclink|Discussion on formula attribute}}
Variables are descriptions of particular pieces of reality. They can be descriptions of physical phenomena, or descriptions of value judgments. Also decisions included in an assessment are described as variables. Variables are as continuously existing descriptions of reality that develop in time as knowledge about them increases. Variables are therefore not tied into any single assessment, but instead can be included in other assessments. {{disclink|Discussion on formula attribute}}
* '''[[Class]]''' is a set of objects (variables or classes) that share the same property or properties. They can be used in describing general information that is shared by more than one variable or class or sharing general information among the classes and variables of similar kind. Class is needed as a separate universal object because of its ability to efficiently reduce the redundancy of information in the system.
 
* '''[[Method]]''' is a systematic procedure for a particular information manipulation process that is needed as a part of an assessment work. Method is needed as a separate universal object because it is the basic building block for describing the assessment work (not reality like the other objects).
Variables are objects of event-medium composite -type. They thus describe both the events that occur within the scope of the variable and the medium where these particular events take place. In practice, the events can only be observed through the changes in the state of the medium, and it is therefore reasonable to describe the events and particular media as such composites rather than as separately.
 
In pyrkilo method all the variables included in an assessment must be causally related , directly or indirectly, to the endpoints of the assessment, and the causal relations must be defined. The event-media structure is the carrier of the [[Causality | cause-effect relations]] between the variables. An event occuring in a medium causes a change in state of that medium leading to another event to occur changing the state of that medium, causing yet another event to occur and so on. In addition to variables, also classes as generalizations of properties possessed by variables can be causally related to each other.
 
The full-chain approach used in Intarese project can be taken here as an example of causality on a very general level. The full chain generalizes the environmental health risk issues to follow the source to impact chain as follows: sources cause emissions, causing concentrations, that cause exposures, doses and health effects, that lead to societal impacts.
 
Classes are sets of objects (variables or classes) that share similar properties. They can be used in describing general information that is shared by more than one variable or class or sharing general information among the classes and variables of similar kind.

Revision as of 20:26, 6 June 2008

<accesscontrol>members of projects,,Workshop2008,,beneris,,Erac,,Heimtsa,,Hiwate,,Intarese</accesscontrol> <section begin = glossary />

Universal object describes a kind of object with a particular purpose and a standardised structure according to its purpose and the PSSP ontology. The open assessment contains the following kinds of objects:

<section end = glossary />

The research question about universal objects
What are the kinds of objects that are needed to describe an assessment (including all its content about reality and all the work needed for creating the content) in such a way that all objects comply with the PSSP ontology?

In general, descriptions of reality are described as products, while the work needed to produce these descriptions is described as processes. Assessment, variable, and class are product-type objects, and method is a process-type object.

In addition to the object types listed above we could add context as the object type that is above assessments in the hierarchical structure. In practice contexts typically do not need to be explicitly defined as such, rather only their influence in the assessments needs to be explicated, and therefore they are not considered here in any more detail.

  • Assessment is a collection of information for helping decision-making, and the end product of an open assessment process. Assessment is constructed according to its intended use purpose. It can be described as a collection of variables, collected with reference to the use purpose that the assessment is intended for, complemented with information about the scope of the assessment and assessment-specific analyses and conclusions. Assessments are discrete objects having defined starting and ending points in time and specific contextually and situationally defined goals. Assessment is needed as a separate universal object because of its context-specific properties.
  • Variable is a description of a particular piece of reality. It can be a description of physical phenomena, or a description of value judgments. Also decisions included in an assessment are described as variables. Variables are continuously existing descriptions of reality, which develop in time as knowledge about them increases. Variables are therefore not tied into any single assessment, but instead can be included in other assessments. Variable is needed as a separate universal object as a basic building block of describing reality. D↷
  • Class is a set of objects (variables or classes) that share the same property or properties. They can be used in describing general information that is shared by more than one variable or class or sharing general information among the classes and variables of similar kind. Class is needed as a separate universal object because of its ability to efficiently reduce the redundancy of information in the system.
  • Method is a systematic procedure for a particular information manipulation process that is needed as a part of an assessment work. Method is needed as a separate universal object because it is the basic building block for describing the assessment work (not reality like the other objects).
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