Building stock in Helsinki: Difference between revisions

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''Technical notes:'' Sheets 5_Input Residential, 6.0_Input Non Residential, 6.2_Input Public Admin. Priority 1. Auxiliaries PPT.
''Technical notes:'' Sheets 5_Input Residential, 6.0_Input Non Residential, 6.2_Input Public Admin. Priority 1. Auxiliaries PPT.
 
Description of some parametres:
[[File:descriptions.PNG|400px]]
[[File:descriptions.PNG|400px]]



Revision as of 14:00, 26 May 2015



Question

What is the building stock in Helsinki and what are some of the key parameters of energy use?

Answer

Data

Building stock

The structures of the tables are based on CyPT Excel file N:\YMAL\Projects\ilmastotiekartta\Helsinki Data Input Template - Building Data.xlsx.

Table 1. Effective floor area of buildings by building type.

Effective floor area of buildings(m2)
ObsBuildingBaseline202020252050Year of baselineType of dataQualityDescription
1Residential278847953247238834890241440699142014Building stock of Helsinki area, 2014
2Public45370254764475494595258555462014Building stock of Helsinki area, 2014
3Industrial32772713306063336046736408542014Building stock of Helsinki area, 2014
4Other108619721140650511840973138064232014Building stock of Helsinki area, 2014
Notes
  • Estimates were based on Siemens City Performance toolin seuraava kokous 2.2 and some derived calculations on BUILDING STOCK CALCULATION 2015.
  • How to get the numbers for the baseline floor area for residential, public, industrial and other: Residential floor area was named as residential together, public by summing the floor area of health care, education and common buildings, industrial buildings were as such and other buildings comprise of business, traffic, office and storage buildings.
  • Ref. Helsinki master plan for 2050: there are 860 000 citizens living in Helsinki (ref. www.yleiskaava.fi, visio2050); Residental buildings => fast growth
  • Prediction of citizen number in Helsinki in 2020, 2030, 2040 and 2050 was used for calculations (ref. Helsingin 30% päästövähennysselvitys).
  • Helsinki’s climate policy: 30% reduction in emissions: In 2010 the proportion of jobs in services and public sectors was 94%, and in industry 6%. In 2020 the proportion of jobs in services and public sectors is estimated to be 96%, and in industry 4%. Public and other buildings => between fast growth option and basic option, Industry=> Basic option
  • Prediction of job number in Helsinki in 2020, 2030, 2040 and 2050 was used for calculations (ref. Helsingin 30% päästövähennysselvitys).
  • Tables one and two The presentation of Tables 1 and 2
  • Estimates for floor area development are asked from Alpo Tani (KSV) and Olli-Pekka Pietiläinen (SYKE) as well (26.5.). No answers yet.

Technical notes:

Sheet 4_Input Buildings (Area Demand). Priority 1. Auxiliaries PPT. Absolute increase/decrease rate will be based on the inhabitants projected in time.
This is another list building types that was considered but rejected as too complex: Residential buildings, Government & public administration buildings, Commercial offices buildings, Data centers buildings, Education and K12 and universitiy buildings, Hospitals and healthcare buildings, Hotels and hospitality and leisure buildings, Exhibitions and fairs and halls buildings, Retail and stores and shops buildings, Warehouses & shopping mall buildings, Industrial buildings, Non residential buildings unspecified

Types of data used in CyPT:

  • Average, City
  • Example, city
  • Average, city close by
  • Example, city close by
  • Average, national
  • Example, country

Qualities of data used in CyPT

  • Statistics
  • Extrapolated
  • Calculated from statistics
  • Calculated from stat. inc. assumptions


Table 2. Existing situation of important energy parametres in the building stock.

Existing situation of total stock(%)
ObsPropertyResidentialPublicIndustrialOtherDescription
1Wall insulation17Default building data - Helsinki.xlsx and CyPT Data collection - To Jouni.pptx
2High efficient glazing35 Energy performance class A in building automation and www.siemens.com
3Efficient lighting in baseline1.4Default building data - Helsinki.xlsx
4Demand oriented lighting26.9Default building data - Helsinki.xlsx
5Building Efficiency Monitoring
6Building Remote Monitoring
7Building Performance Optimization
8Demand controlled ventilation16.2 - 22.4Default building data - Helsinki.xlsx: Non-residential, cell C35
9Heat and Cold Recovery in ventilation17.8
10Efficient Motors
11Building Automation BACS Class C
12Building Automation BACS Class B
13Building Automation BACS Class A
14Room Automation HVAC30www.siemens.com
15Room Automation HVAC + lighting
16Building Automation HVAC + lighting + blinds60www.siemens.com
Notes
Data from:

The numbers found are not reliable but most of the high technology buildings such as insulated walls, windows.... are started to build from 10 to 15 years ago, so if we could find the building area in the year 2000, we could subtract that from the building area in Helsinki at the moment and get the building area which is built during these 10-15 years and they are high tech building areas with regard to 2 % renovation rate and rebuilding which is on going every year which should be added to the total amount.

Technical notes: Sheets 5_Input Residential, 6.0_Input Non Residential, 6.2_Input Public Admin. Priority 1. Auxiliaries PPT. Description of some parametres:

Energy demand

Table 3. Total energy demand by energy type and building type.

Total energy demand by type(kWh /m2 /a)
ObsEnergy typeResidentialPublicIndustrialOtherDescription
1Electricity
2Cooling
3Heating
Notes
Heating includes warm water.
----#: . See Helsinki energy decision 2015. More of relevant data may be collected there. --Jouni (talk) 14:16, 19 May 2015 (UTC) (type: truth; paradigms: science: comment)
----#: . These numbers could be estimated from the Building model when teh Facta data is applied. We are planning to do that in early June, 2015. --Jouni (talk) 08:22, 21 May 2015 (UTC) (type: truth; paradigms: science: comment)

Technical notes: Sheets 5_Input Residential, 6.0_Input Non Residential, 6.2_Input Public Admin. Priority 1. Auxiliaries PPT.

Table 4. Shares of different energy sinks by building type.

Share of energy demand by use type(kWh /m2 /a)
ObsEnergy typeUseResidentialOtherPublicIndustryDescriptionAuxiliaries
1CoolingInfiltration0.00.00.00.0PPT
2CoolingVentilation0.00.00.09.0PPT
3CoolingLosses through walls through transmission0.00.00.00.0PPT
4CoolingHeat input by solar radiation through windows0.00.00.00.0PPT
5CoolingLosses through windows through transmission0.00.00.00.0PPT
6CoolingOther effects (e.g. people, electrical Appliances)0.00.00.00.0PPT
7HeatingInfiltration0.00.00.00.0PPT
8HeatingVentilation29.1927.5627.2227.22PPT
9HeatingWalls34.7532.8132.4032.40PPT
10HeatingWindows15.4914.6314.4414.44PPT
11HeatingFloors8.748.258.158.15PPT
12HeatingRoofs9.338.818.708.70PPT
13HeatingOther0.00.00.00.0PPT
14HeatingWarm water1.890.01.761.76Copenhagen Excel
15ElectricityLighting2.8220.0549.688.67Copenhagen Excel
16ElectricityAppliances24.8418.7414.1913.00Copenhagen Excel
17ElectricityVentilation012.0321.2918.24Copenhagen Excel
18ElectricityOther0.5623.6956.7751.76Copenhagen Excel
Notes
  • Data from Climate policies Helsinki additional data
  • We went through the data mentioned above and also the files given in Climate policies Helsinki data but could not find the data for cooling, heating:infiltration, heating:other, heating:warm water:other and electricity:ventilation:residential.
  • Total estimated amount of energy needed for cooling 23504480 kWh/a (whole Helsinki). Based on [2] 14332 GWh/a for housing (total energy demand minus traffic 18 % [3] and [4] 2 % of total energy demand of housing used for cooling. Total floor area of Helsinki needed (table 1).

Technical notes: Sheets 5_Input Residential, 6.0_Input Non Residential, 6.2_Input Public Admin. Priority 1. Auxiliaries: see table.


Table 5. Changes in energy efficiency of different energy sinks.

Efficiency increase decreasing energy demand(% /a)
ObsEnergy typeUseResidentialPublicIndustrialOtherDescription
1ElectricityLighting /Lamp stock0.60.60.60.6
2ElectricityAppliances0.60.60.60.6
3ElectricityVentilation0.60.60.60.6
4ElectricityOther0.60.60.60.6
5CoolingInfiltration20.60.60.6
6CoolingVentilation20.60.60.6
7CoolingOther (e.g. electric appliances, people)20.60.60.6
8HeatingInfiltration0.60.60.60.6
9HeatingVentilation0.60.60.60.6
10HeatingFloors0.60.60.60.6
11HeatingRoofs0.60.60.60.6
12HeatingOther reasons0.60.60.60.6
13HeatingWarm water1.10.60.60.6
Notes

Technical notes: Sheets 5_Input Residential, 6.0_Input Non Residential, 6.2_Input Public Admin. Priority 3. Auxiliaries Excel.


Table 6. Important energy parameters.

Energy parameters(-)
ObsParameterUnitResidentialPublicIndustrialOtherDescriptionAuxiliary
1Ratio of wall area / effective area-0.000.000.000.00PPT
2Ratio of window/effective area-0.000.000.000.00PPT
3U-value of windowsW /m2 /K1.01.41.41.4PPT
4Solar heat gain coefficient "G-Value" of windows%0.400.00.00.0PPT
5Efficiency increase of G-value of windows% /a0.00.00.00.0Excel
6Efficiency increase of U-value of windows% /a0.00.00.00.0Excel
7U-value of building wallsW /m2 /K0.160.250.250.28PPT
Notes

Technical notes: Sheets 5_Input Residential, 6.0_Input Non Residential, 6.2_Input Public Admin. Priority 3. Auxiliaries: see table.

Values derived from Unit heat consumption of buildings in Finland (these could be used to update Table 6):

Important energy parameters
Parameter Value Table Description
Efficiency increase of U values walls 1/a 0.019642857 u.factor (0.28-0.17)/0.28/(2010-1990)
Efficiency increase of U values windows 1/a 0.014285714 u.factor (1.4-1)/1.4/(2010-1990)
U value wall W/m2/K 0.17-0.28 u.factor values for buildings built 1990-2010
U value window W/m2/K 1.0-1.4 u.factor values for buildings built 1990-2010
G value % 70 sun.heat.absorption.parameters
Ratio of wall/effective area 0.647727273 surface.area year 2010: 114/176
Ratio of window/effective area 0.1 surface.area year 2010: 17.6/176

Lighting

Tables 7-8. Run times and shares of lamps by lamp type and building type.

Average run time of lamps per year(h /a)
ObsLampResidentialPublicIndustrialOtherDescription
1Incandescent lamps
2Compact fluorescent lamps
3Fluorescent lamps
4Low voltage halogen lamps
5Medium voltage halogen lamps
Shares of lamp types(%)
ObsLampResidentialPublicIndustrialOtherDescription
1Incandescent lamps
2Compact fluorescent lamps
3Fluorescent lamps
4Low voltage halogen lamps
5Medium voltage halogen lamps
Notes
Sheets 5_Input Residential, 6.0_Input Non Residential, 6.2_Input Public Admin. Priority 3. Auxiliaries Excel.

Other

Sheet 4_Input Buildings (Area Demand). Priority 1. Auxiliaries PPT. Nice to have specific factor otherwise we adapt standard data or other studies.

Possibly important information
Data Result
Number of households
Number of persons per household

Facta database building categories and heating types

These tables are based on FACTA database classifications and their interpretation for assessments.

Building types(-)
ObsBuilding types in FactaBuilding
1Ammatilliset oppilaitoksetPublic
2Asuntolat, vanhusten palvelutalot, asuntolahotellitOther
3ElokuvateatteritPublic
4Hotellit, motellit, matkustajakodit, kylpylähotellitPublic
5Kahden asunnon talotResidential
6KasvihuoneetIndustrial
7KauppavarastotIndustrial
8KirjastotPublic
9Kirkot, kappelit, luostarit, rukoushuoneetPublic
10KorkeakoulurakennuksetPublic
11Kulkuneuvojen suoja- ja huoltorakennuksetIndustrial
12Lasten päiväkoditPublic
13Lastenkodit, koulukoditResidential
14Liike- ja tavaratalot, kauppakeskuksetOther
15Monitoimi- ja muut urheiluhallitOther
16Museot, taidegalleriatPublic
17Muut erilliset pientalotResidential
18Muut kerrostalotResidential
19Muut liikenteen rakennuksetIndustrial
20Muut palo- ja pelastustoimen rakennuksetOther
21Muut sairaalatOther
22Muut teollisuuden tuotantorakennuksetIndustrial
23Muut terveydenhoitorakennuksetOther
24Muut urheilu- ja kuntoilurakennuksetOther
25Muut uskonnollisten yhteisöjen rakennuksetPublic
26Muut varastorakennuksetOther
27MyymälärakennuksetOther
28Peruskoulut, lukiot ja muutPublic
29PysäköintitalotOther
30Rautatie- ja linja-autoasemat, lento- ja satamaterminaalitPublic
31Ravintolat, ruokalat ja baaritPublic
32RivitalotResidential
33SaunarakennuksetOther
34SeurakuntatalotPublic
35TalousrakennuksetOther
36Teollisuus- ja pienteollisuustalotIndustrial
37TeollisuushallitIndustrial
38ToimistorakennuksetOther
39TutkimuslaitosrakennuksetOther
40Vapaa-ajan asunnotResidential
41VoimalaitosrakennuksetIndustrial
42VäestönsuojatOther
43Yhden asunnon talotResidential
44Muualla luokittelemattomat opetusrakennuksetOther
45Muut kokoontumisrakennuksetPublic
46Muut rakennuksetOther
47Muut sosiaalitoimen rakennuksetPublic
48MyymälähallitOther
49TeollisuusvarastotIndustrial
50Yhdyskuntatekniikan rakennuksetOther
51Järjestöjen, liittojen, työnantajien yms. opetusrakennuksetOther
52Muut huoltolaitosrakennuksetIndustrial
53Tietoliikenteen rakennuksetIndustrial
54Seurain-, nuoriso- yms. talotPublic
55TerveyskeskuksetPublic
56VanhainkoditResidential
57LuhtitalotResidential
58Navetat, sikalat, kanalat yms.Industrial
59Muut majoitusliikerakennuksetOther
60Muut majoitusrakennuksetOther
61Muut maa-, metsä- ja kalatalouden rakennuksetOther
62Kehitysvammaisten hoitolaitoksetResidential
63Loma- lepo- ja virkistyskoditOther
64Eläinsuojat, ravihevostallit, maneesitOther
65Other
66PaloasematOther
67Vuokrattavat lomamökit ja osakkeet (liiketoiminnallisesti)Other
68Teatterit, konsertti- ja kongressitalot, oopperatPublic
69JäähallitPublic
70KeskussairaalatOther
71NäyttelyhallitOther
72Terveydenhoidon erityislaitokset (mm. kuntoutuslaitokset)Other
73Viljankuivaamot ja viljan säilytysrakennukset, siilotIndustrial
74UimahallitPublic
75VankilatOther
76KetjutalotResidential
77Tennis-, squash- ja sulkapallohallitOther
Heating types(-)
ObsHeating types in FactaHeating
1Other
2Kauko- tai aluelämpöDistrict heating
3Kevyt polttoöljyLight oil
4Kivihiili, koksi tms.Coal
5Maalämpö tms.Geothermal
6PuuWood
7Raskas polttoöljyFuel oil
8SähköElectricity
9KaasuGas
10MuuOther

Calculations

See also

References

  1. Economidou, M., Atanasiu, B., Despret, C., Maio, J., Nolte, I., & Rapf, O. (2011). Europe’s buildings under the microscope. A Country-by-country review of the energy performance of buildings, 131.
  2. Kragh, J., Laustsen, J. B., & Svendsen, S. (2008). Proposal for Energy Rating System of windows in EU. DTU Civil Engineering-Report R-201.
  3. http://www.ziegel.at/gbc-ziegelhandbuch/eng/ressourcen/energie/graue.htm

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