Environmental burden of disease calculation: Difference between revisions

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This chapter provides information about methods to calculate the environmental burden of disease, and the assumptions and choices that need to be made. Table 2-1 provides an overview of these baseline assumptions underlying the calculations as performed in the EBoDE project. The remainder of this chapter describes the specific models used for calculating the EBD and explains the different parameters and data used.
This chapter provides information about methods to calculate the environmental burden of disease, and the assumptions and choices that need to be made. Table 2-1 provides an overview of these baseline assumptions underlying the calculations as performed in the EBoDE project. The remainder of this chapter describes the specific models used for calculating the EBD and explains the different parameters and data used.
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TABLE 2-1. Baseline facts and assumptions underlying environmental burden of disease calculations as carried out in the EBoDE project.
TABLE 2-1. Baseline facts and assumptions underlying environmental burden of disease calculations as carried out in the EBoDE project.


{| {{prettytable}}
| Parameter of assumptions
| Choise made
| Motivation
| Remarks
|----
| Year
| 2004
| Most redcent year with relatively good data availability
| Exposure trends were evaluated till 2010 for a qualitative policy analysis
|----
| Environmental stressors
| Benzene, dioxins (including furans and dioxin-like PCBs), second-hand smoke, formaldehyde, lead, noise, ozone, particulate matter (PM) and radon
|
|
|----
| Countries
| Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Italy and the Netherlands
| Integration of national projects
| EBoDE working group and methodology is open for other countries
|----
| Age weighing & discounting
| Main results without discounting and age-weighing; alternative results with discounting (3%) and age-weighing (standard)
|
| Ethical reasons. Supplementary discounted and age-weighed results presented for comparability with WHO estimates
|
|----
| Standard Life Expectancy
| 80 years for men and 82.5 for women
| Comparability with WHO estimates
|
|----
| Lag time
| Calculations carried out with and without lag times
| For certain diseases there is a relatively long lag between exposure and the effect. When using discounting, the lag should be accounted for
| Lag times are based on author judgement and serve as rough estimates
|----
| Uncertainty analyses
| Qualitative and partly quantitative
| It is essential to assess whether the substantial inherent uncertainties affect the order of magnitude of the results or the ranking of stressors
| Data availability and limited resources allowed only for qualitative approach. Additional quantitative analyses are recommended as a part of follow-up research
|----
|}




Revision as of 10:18, 6 June 2011

Environmental burden of disease calculation

This chapter provides information about methods to calculate the environmental burden of disease, and the assumptions and choices that need to be made. Table 2-1 provides an overview of these baseline assumptions underlying the calculations as performed in the EBoDE project. The remainder of this chapter describes the specific models used for calculating the EBD and explains the different parameters and data used.

TABLE 2-1. Baseline facts and assumptions underlying environmental burden of disease calculations as carried out in the EBoDE project.

Parameter of assumptions Choise made Motivation Remarks
Year 2004 Most redcent year with relatively good data availability Exposure trends were evaluated till 2010 for a qualitative policy analysis
Environmental stressors Benzene, dioxins (including furans and dioxin-like PCBs), second-hand smoke, formaldehyde, lead, noise, ozone, particulate matter (PM) and radon
Countries Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Italy and the Netherlands Integration of national projects EBoDE working group and methodology is open for other countries
Age weighing & discounting Main results without discounting and age-weighing; alternative results with discounting (3%) and age-weighing (standard) Ethical reasons. Supplementary discounted and age-weighed results presented for comparability with WHO estimates
Standard Life Expectancy 80 years for men and 82.5 for women Comparability with WHO estimates
Lag time Calculations carried out with and without lag times For certain diseases there is a relatively long lag between exposure and the effect. When using discounting, the lag should be accounted for Lag times are based on author judgement and serve as rough estimates
Uncertainty analyses Qualitative and partly quantitative It is essential to assess whether the substantial inherent uncertainties affect the order of magnitude of the results or the ranking of stressors Data availability and limited resources allowed only for qualitative approach. Additional quantitative analyses are recommended as a part of follow-up research


Basic calculation of the environmental burden of disease

The DALY measures health gaps (i.e. years of life lost due to death or disability) as opposed to health expectancies. It measures the difference between a current situation and an ideal or alternative situation. The DALY combines the time lived with disability and the time lost due to premature mortality in one measure:

DALY = YLL + YLD (LAATIKKO)

Years of Life Lost (YLL) in a case of individual death is calculated as the difference between the standard life expectancy at the age of death and the actual age at death. When population data is tabulated for age categories, YLL can be calculated as: L = LE (agedeath, gender) -agedeath The basic formula for calculating the population-wide YLL is:

YLL = N x L

Methods for calculating YLL are further described in section Years of Life Lost, co-morbidity and multi-causality

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