Lung cancer cases due to radon in Europe

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Scope

Mortality due to indoor radon concentrations.

• Spatial: Europe
• Temporal: years 2010-2050

Definition

• Lung cancer cases calculated from radon concentration using <math>cases = impact function * concentration * population</math>. IF taken from HEIMTSA and INTARESE (Darby 2004; Darby 2005).
• The referenced impact function is scaled down in assuming only 4.6% of population is exposed, but we assume all are exposed.

Dependencies

• Radon concentrations in European residences
• Population of Europe
• Lung cancer mortality in Europe (from WHO mortality data)
• ERF of radon exposure on lung cancer mortality (heande:ERFs of several pollutants), impact function on the same page used for code below.

Unit

cases per year

Formula

R code

• This code features R functions described on pages Opasnet Base Connection for R and Operating intelligently with multidimensional arrays in R.
• Possible extensions, to accomodate more complex models, are left commented out with # for now.

#library(ff)
#mortlocs <- op_baseGetLocs("opasnet_base", "Op_en2778")
#mort <- op_baseGetData("opasnet_base", "Op_en2778", include = mortlocs[grep("C34|1034|UE15|All Ages", mortlocs$loc),"loc_id"])
#poplocs <- op_baseGetLocs("opasnet_base", "Op_en4691")
pop <- op_baseGetData("opasnet_base", "Op_en4691", include = 1367, exclude = c(1435, 1436))
#countries <- c("AT", "BE", "BG", "CH", "CY", "CZ", "DE", "DK", "EE", "ES", "FI", "FR", "GR", "HU", "IE", "IS", "IT", "LT", "LU", 
#	"LV", "MT", "NL", "NO", "PL", "PT", "RO", "SE", "SI", "SK", "UK")
countries <- c("Austria", "Belgium", "Bulgaria", "Switzerland", "Cyprus", "Czech Republic", "Germany", "Denmark", "Estonia", "Spain", 
	"Finland", "France", "Greece", "Hungary", "Ireland", "Iceland", "Italy", "Lithuania", "Luxembourg", "Latvia", "Malta", "Netherlands", 
	"Norway", "Poland", "Portugal", "Romania", "Sweden", "Slowenia", "Slovakia", "United Kingdom")
conc <- op_baseGetData("opasnet_base", "Op_en4713")
levels(pop[,"CountryID"]) <- countries
colnames(pop)[4] <- "Country"
colnames(pop)[8] <- "Population"
#y <- 0
#mort0 <- mort[1,]
#temp <- mort[1,]
#for (i in 1:length(levels(mort[,"Country"]))) {
#	icountry <- levels(mort[,"Country"])[i]
#	temp <- mort[mort[,"Country"] == icountry&mort[,"Age"] == "All Ages"&mort[,"Year"] == as.character(max(as.numeric(as.character(mort[
#	mort[, "Country"] == icountry, "Year"])))),]
#	if(nrow(temp)>0) mort0[(y+1):(y+nrow(temp)),] <- temp[,]
#	y <- nrow(mort0)
#}
#mort0 <- mort0[,c(3,4,5,6,7,9)]
pop <- pop[,c(3,4,5,6,7,8)]
#conc <- conc[,c(2,3,4,5)]
#mort0array <- DataframeToArray(mort0)
levels(pop[,"Age"])[1] <- "All Ages" #Fixed to match mortality format
#popxmort0 <- IntArray(pop, mort0array, "Mortality")
#ffpopxmort0 <- ffdf(Age=as.ff(popxmort0[,1]), Country=as.ff(popxmort0[,2]), Rate=as.ff(popxmort0[,3]), Sex=as.ff(popxmort0[,4]), 
#	Year=as.ff(popxmort0[,5]), Population=as.ff(popxmort0[,6]), Cause=as.ff(factor(popxmort0[,7])), List=as.ff(factor(popxmort0[,8])), 
#	Mortality=as.ff(popxmort0[,9]))
concarray <- DataframeToArray(conc)
#meanconcarray <- apply(concarray, c(2,3), mean)
#ffconcarray <- as.ff(concarray)
popxconc <- IntArray(pop, concarray[1:1000,,,], "Concentration")
#popxmort0xconc <- IntArray(popxmort0, concarray[1:1000,,])
#y <- 1
#temp <- IntArray(ffpopxmort0[1,], concarray)
#ffpopxmort0xconc <- temp[]
#for (i in 1:(nrow(ffpopxmort0)%/%5)) {
#	temp[] <- IntArray(ffpopxmort0[(1+(i-1)*5):(i*5),], concarray)
#	ffpopxmort0xconc[y:(y+nrow(temp)-1)] <- temp[]
#	y <- y + nrow(temp)
#}
#for (i in list(1=1:5, 2=8:3)) print(i[1]+i[2])
k <- 0.37/0.046
lungmortality <- data.frame(popxconc[,c("obs","Country","policy","Year","Age","Rate","Sex")], Result = k * popxconc[, 
"Concentration"] / 100 * popxconc[, "Population"] / 100000)

Result

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Lung cancer cases attributable to indoor radon in residents in Europe, year 2010.

Country of observation	Mean	SD
Austria	954	866
Belgium	733	566
Bulgaria	265	279
Switzerland	1389	2101
Cyprus	8	9
Germany	4080	2857
Denmark	326	300
Estonia	190	177
Spain	7491	14273
Finland	699	563
France	6903	8818
Greece	725	708
Hungary	1374	1558
Ireland	463	439
Italy	4355	3537
Lithuania	191	176
Luxembourg	59	47
Latvia	195	196
Malta	38	38
Netherlands	445	217
Norway	492	463
Poland	1914	1387
Portugal	1020	889
Romania	1063	1039
Sweden	1206	1233
Slovakia	514	494
Total	37091

See also

• Health impact of radon in Europe

Related files

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