Congestion charge impacts on air quality: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 09:20, 29 September 2017

This page is a knowledge crystal of subtype variable. The page identifier is Op_en7806
Moderator:Nobody (see all) Click here to sign up.
This page is a stub. You may improve it into a full page.
Upload data {{#opasnet_base_link:Op_en7806}}

This variable page was created for the purpose of the Congestion charge assessment.

Question

How does the congestion charges affect the air quality in the cities?

How much can levels of most common traffic air pollutants such as PM10, CO2 and NOx be reduced as a result of a congestion charge implementation?

What is the effects of the congestion charge on air quality in the area affected and what is the affect in the surrounding areas?

What are the impacts of different congestion charge schemes on air quality?

Boundaries

The question can be applied in general, but for the purpose of the Congestion charge assessment the boundaries are set by the Helsinki city limits. The impacts of congestion charges take into account the current situations - available knowledge and can be updated.

Answer

There is evidence from several cities that congestion charges have improved air quality.

Rationale

There was a 15% reduction in total road use in Stockholm in 2006 congestion charge scheme, leading to the reduction of NOx emissions by 8.5% and PM10 decrease for 13% ^[1]. There was also a significant reduction of NOx, PM10 and CO2 emissions in London, after they have introduced a congestion pricing scheme ^[2], ^[3]. On the other hand, stationary traffic can result in an increase in greenhouse gas emissions and pollutants which negatively affect the air quality ^[4]. Still, if the traffic flows are reduced, the pollutant emission also decrease over time ^[5]. Study in Stockholm showed that in case the congestion pricing in Stockholm wouldn’t have taken place in 2006-2010, then, during the same period, the air would have been 5-10% more polluted which would lead to a 45% increase in asthma attacks in young children ^[6]. The congestion charge scheme in London had only initially reduced the traffic flow, then the levels were increased again ^[7], besides, a report from 2011 showed that there hasn’t been a great improvement to the air quality in London due to congestion charge scheme ^[8].

Congestion charge impacts on air quality: Difference between revisions(Available data on air quality effects of congestion charge)
Obs	Year	City	Air quality parameter	Air quality effected due to congestion charge inmplmentation
1	2006	Stockholm	NOx	8.5% reduction of emissions
2	2006	Stockholm	PM10	13% reduction of emissions
3	2005	London	NOx	significant reduction of emissions
4	2005	London	PM10	significant reduction of emissions
5	2005	London	CO2	significant reduction of emissions

Keywords

Congestion charge, air quality, impacts, Helsinki

References

↑ [1]
↑ [2]
↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_congestion_charge
↑ [3]
↑ [4]
↑ [5]
↑ [6]
↑ [7]

Related files

Congestion charge impacts on air quality. Opasnet . [8]. Accessed 29 Dec 2024.

[1] [1]

[2] [2]

[3] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_congestion_charge

[4] [3]

[5] [4]

[6] [5]

[7] [6]

[8] [7]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
- '''Brief guidance about the contents.''' This box of text can removed.
-    <nowiki>{{variable}}</nowiki> template:
-         Put your own username in moderator=Username unless someone else takes care of the page content.
-         When the page is quite developed, change stub=No
-    Question (previously Scope) Specifies a clear research question.
-         This includes a question and a verbal definition of the spatial, temporal, and other limits
-         (system boundaries) of the variable. The question is defined according to the use
-         purpose of the assessment(s) that the variable belongs to.
-    Answer (previously Result) Answer to the research question.
-         Contains anything that a reader needs to understand the answer. If possible, a numerical expression or distribution.
-         If there is more than a single answer, i.e. the answer is actually a list of answers, a [[data table]] should be used.
-         Contains also the unit(s) in which the answer is expressed.
-    Rationale (previously Definition) Description about how the answer is derived.
-         Rationale contains anything that is needed to convince a critical rational reader.
-         Description of the data used for obtaining the value of the variable
-         (e.g. measurement data; mathematical method and its parameters).
-         Please include references (preferably using the ''<nowiki><ref> </ref></nowiki>'' tags)
-         and links to original data, as appropriate.
-         May contain subheadings Dependencies and Formula.
-         Subheadings no longer used: Data as most of Rationale is this anyway; Unit as it is already mentioned in Answer.
-             Dependencies: Links to all variables whose answers affect the answer of this variable.
-             Formula (or R code): computer code or mathematical formula for calculating the answer.
-    See also: Links to relevant information that does not belong to ''Rationale''.
-    Keywords: Any words that help users to find this page with search tools.
-    References will appear automatically, if cited above using the ''<nowiki><ref> </ref></nowiki>'' tags.
-         Additional references can also be listed here.
-    ''Related files'' automatically shows files from [[Opasnet File]] if they have been linked to this page.
-    <nowiki>{{publication}}</nowiki> can be used if the page is good enough to be a publication by itself. Otherwise, delete.
 {{variable|moderator=|stub=Yes}}
-This variable page was creating for the purpuso of the [[Congestion charge]] assessment.
+This variable page was created for the purpose of the [[Congestion charge]] assessment.
 == Question ==
+How does the congestion charges affect the air quality in the cities?
+How much can levels of most common traffic air pollutants such as PM10, CO2 and NOx be reduced as a result of a congestion charge implementation?
+What is the effects of the congestion charge on air quality in the area affected and what is the affect in the surrounding areas?
 What are the impacts of different congestion charge schemes on air quality?
+===Boundaries===
+The question can be applied in general, but for the purpose of the [[Congestion charge]] assessment the boundaries are set by the Helsinki city limits.
+The impacts of congestion charges take into account the current situations - available knowledge and can be updated.
 == Answer ==
+There is evidence from several cities that congestion charges have improved air quality.
 == Rationale ==
+There was a 15% reduction in total road use in Stockholm in 2006 congestion charge scheme, leading to the reduction of NOx emissions by 8.5% and PM10 decrease for 13%  <ref> [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231008008091] </ref>. There was also a significant reduction of NOx, PM10 and CO2 emissions in London, after they have introduced a congestion pricing scheme <ref> [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231005007259] </ref>, <ref> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_congestion_charge</ref>.  On the other hand, stationary traffic can result in an increase in greenhouse gas emissions and pollutants which negatively affect the air quality <ref> [http://ibtta.org/sites/default/files/documents/MAF/Costs-of-Congestion-INRIX-Cebr-Report%20(3).pdf]</ref>.  Still, if the traffic flows are reduced, the pollutant emission also decrease over time <ref> [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0094119099921356?via%3Dihub]</ref>.  Study in Stockholm showed that in case the congestion pricing in Stockholm wouldn’t have taken place in 2006-2010, then, during the same period, the air would have been 5-10% more polluted which would lead to a 45% increase in asthma attacks in young children <ref> [https://www.insidescience.org/news/driving-fee-rolls-back-asthma-attacks-stockholm] </ref>. The congestion charge scheme in London had only initially reduced the traffic flow, then the levels were increased again <ref> [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27199415] </ref>, besides, a report from 2011 showed that there hasn’t been a great improvement to the air quality in London due to congestion charge scheme <ref> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_congestion_charge] </ref>.
+<t2b index="Year,City" unit="Available data on air quality effects of congestion charge" obs="Air quality parameter" desc="Air quality effected due to congestion charge inmplmentation">
+|Stockholm|NOx|8.5% reduction of emissions
+|Stockholm|PM10|13% reduction of emissions
+|London|NOx|significant reduction of emissions
+|London|PM10|significant reduction of emissions
+|London|CO2|significant reduction of emissions
+</t2b>
-=== Dependencies ===
+==See also==
-=== Formula ===
+[[Congestion charge]]
-==See also==
+[[Talk:Congestion charge]]
 ==Keywords==
+Congestion charge, air quality, impacts, Helsinki
 ==References==