Breathing rate: Difference between revisions

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Breathing rate is volume of breaths per day. Breathing rate is used in risk assessment of inhaled toxic compounds. 
[[Category:Person or group]]
[[Category:Population characteristics]]
{{variable|moderator=Pauliina}}


General data on breathing rates by age and gender are available from the EPA [1985, 1989a] and the ICRP [1975]. Values in Table B-1 are taken primarily from the ICRP [1975] with variances estimated by McKone and Daniels [1991]. The working breathing rate is for 8 hours of work and, when combined with 8 hours of breathing at the active rate and 8 hours at the resting rate, gives a daily equivalent intake of 30 m3 for an adult [EPA, 1989b]. Layton [1992] has derived breathing rates that are consistent with the quantities of oxygen needed to metabolize reported dietary intakes of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. He has shown that the values in Table B-1 could be high by a factor of from 20% to 30%, but this is within the CV reported here.[ttp://www.lbl.gov/ehs/esg/tritium/tritium/TritAppB.html]
==Scope==
 
What is the breathing rate (the volume of air breathed per a time unit) in different age groups in humans?
 
==Definition==
 
===Data===
 
Breathing rate can be measured as volume of breaths per day. Breathing rate is used in risk assessment of inhaled toxic compounds. US EPA have provided a report where they have calculated an individual's ventilation rate directly from their oxygen consumption rate. This revised approach will be used to update the ventilation rate information in the [http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/cfm/recordisplay.cfm?deid=12464 Exposure Factors Handbook], which serve as a resources for exposure assessors for calculating inhalation and other exposures.
 
Table 1. Descriptive statistics (mean values) for daily average ventilation rate (m3/day) in females and males, by age category, Unadjusted for Body Weight; m3/day).<ref>[http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/cfm/recordisplay.cfm?deid=202543| U.S. EPA. Metabolically Derived Human Ventilation Rates: A Revised Approach Based Upon Oxygen Consumption Rates (Final Report). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, EPA/600/R-06/129F, 2009.]</ref>
 
{| {{prettytable}}
|
| '''Females'''
| '''Males'''
|----
| Birth to &lt;1 year
| 8.53
| 8.76
|----
| 1 year
| 13.31
| 13.49
|----
| 2 years
| 12.74
| 13.23
|----
| 3 to &lt;6 years
| 12.16
| 12.65
|----
| 6 to &lt;11 years
| 12.41
| 13.42
|----
| 11 to &lt;16 years 
| 13.44
| 15.32
|----
| 16 to &lt;21 years
| 13.59
| 17.22
|----
| 21 to &lt;31 years
| 14.57
| 18.82
|----
| 31 to &lt;41 years
| 14.98
| 20.29
|----
| 41 to &lt;51 years
| 16.2
| 20.93
|----
| 51 to &lt;61 years
| 16.18
| 20.91
|----
| 61 to &lt;71 years
| 12.99
| 17.94
|----
| 71 to &lt;81 years 
| 12.04
| 16.35
|----
| 81 years and older
| 11.14
| 15.15
|----
|}


==Unit==
m3/day


==Result==


Table 1. Breathing rates based on Cerna et al 1998.
Table 2. Breathing rates based on Cerna et al 1998.<ref>[[:Image:Cerna98 RA air poll BR.pdf| Cerna et al 1998]]</ref>
{| {{prettytable}}
{| {{prettytable}}
| Age group
| Age group
Line 27: Line 99:
|}
|}


==Unit==
m3/day
===Formula===
==Result==
In general in exposure assessment 20 m3/ day is used as breathing rate value (see chapter 5 in [http://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/pdfs/efh-chapter05.pdf Exposure Factors Handbook].
{{resultlink}}


==References==
==References==
*[[:Image:Cerna98 RA air poll BR.pdf| Cerna et al 1998]]
 
*[[:Image:Kalaiarasan09 PM resid build Health risk BR.pdf| Kalaiarasan et al 2009]]
*[[:Image:Kalaiarasan09 PM resid build Health risk BR.pdf| Kalaiarasan et al 2009]]
*Metabolically Derived Human Ventilation Rates: A Revised Approach Based Upon Oxygen Consumption Rates (Final Report) [http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/cfm/recordisplay.cfm?deid=202543]
*Arcus-Arth, Amy; Blaisdell, Robert J:  Risk Analysis, Volume 27, Number 1, February 2007 , pp. 97-110(14)[http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/bpl/risk/2007/00000027/00000001/art00011]
*Arcus-Arth, Amy; Blaisdell, Robert J:  Risk Analysis, Volume 27, Number 1, February 2007 , pp. 97-110(14)[http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/bpl/risk/2007/00000027/00000001/art00011]
*[http://www.lbl.gov/ehs/esg/tritium/tritium/TritAppB.html]


==see also==
==See also==
*Respiratory rate as number of breaths a living being [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_rate].
*Respiratory rate as number of breaths a living being [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respiratory_rate].

Latest revision as of 10:03, 10 August 2009



Scope

What is the breathing rate (the volume of air breathed per a time unit) in different age groups in humans?

Definition

Data

Breathing rate can be measured as volume of breaths per day. Breathing rate is used in risk assessment of inhaled toxic compounds. US EPA have provided a report where they have calculated an individual's ventilation rate directly from their oxygen consumption rate. This revised approach will be used to update the ventilation rate information in the Exposure Factors Handbook, which serve as a resources for exposure assessors for calculating inhalation and other exposures.

Table 1. Descriptive statistics (mean values) for daily average ventilation rate (m3/day) in females and males, by age category, Unadjusted for Body Weight; m3/day).[1]

Females Males
Birth to <1 year 8.53 8.76
1 year 13.31 13.49
2 years 12.74 13.23
3 to <6 years 12.16 12.65
6 to <11 years 12.41 13.42
11 to <16 years 13.44 15.32
16 to <21 years 13.59 17.22
21 to <31 years 14.57 18.82
31 to <41 years 14.98 20.29
41 to <51 years 16.2 20.93
51 to <61 years 16.18 20.91
61 to <71 years 12.99 17.94
71 to <81 years 12.04 16.35
81 years and older 11.14 15.15


Table 2. Breathing rates based on Cerna et al 1998.[2]

Age group Inhalation volume (m3/day)
Adult 20
Children (8-10y) 10
Children (1y) 3.8
New born 0.8

Unit

m3/day

Formula

Result

In general in exposure assessment 20 m3/ day is used as breathing rate value (see chapter 5 in Exposure Factors Handbook.


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References

See also

  • Respiratory rate as number of breaths a living being [3].
  1. ↑ U.S. EPA. Metabolically Derived Human Ventilation Rates: A Revised Approach Based Upon Oxygen Consumption Rates (Final Report). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, EPA/600/R-06/129F, 2009.
  2. ↑ Cerna et al 1998
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