Open science

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Open science is a way of making scientific research. The idea is to immediately share everything that is not secret due to e.g. privacy issues, and in a collaborative manner develop shared understanding about the topic at hand.

Current situation and attitudes

Taylor & Francis has published an online survey on open access in 2014. They asked researchers worldwide about their views and attitudes about open access. Some of the key findings were:

• Researchers are willing to give their their articles for further use provided that the use is non-commercial (Q5).
• The most important property of peer review is to evaluate novelty and merit, even if it takes a lot of time. In contrast, post-publication peer review is seen important or very important by less than 25 % of respondents. It seems that speed is not important for researchers. Also, it seems that researchers want their work to be evaluated novel and worth merit by peers rather than by actual usage. (Maybe they know that there is no merit-producing system related to usage.) (Q8)
• Vast majority of researchers (89 %) believe that journal articles will remain the main outputs of research also after ten years. (Q15)
• A majority (63 %) believe that academic journals will remain the main publishing forum for research. However, a growing minority (21 %) believes that institutional or subject-based repositories will grow in importance and co-exist with journals. (Q18)

Overall, it seems that researchers are very conservative and see neither need for nor tendency toward a system where publishing data and publishing interpretations from data would be separated. Maybe this idea is so novel that researchers do not even recognise the possibility.

Research ideas

Attacks of disease

There are many diseases that start as attacks in minutes in seconds, such as in cardiovascular infarcts of heart or brain or deep venous thromboses. The question is what are the causal events that make the state of the blood go from non-clotted to clotted. Although the biochemical cascades are well known, from public health perspective more interesting is what are the practical events that lead to the clotting and how the person could learn to avoid those dangerous minutes or seconds of these events. It is not easy to develop a randomised clinical trial to solve this question, but open science could help in designing observational designs.

The problem is a control group that collects non-biased exposure data from non-attack events. After the attack the patient is likely to over-report exposures that happened to exist at the time of attack, thus masking the true exposure. But people could act as their own controls if the exposure data of non-attack events had been collected beforehand. Thus requires a very large group people of people who document suspected events in their lives at randomly selected time points. This is because only a fraction of them will get any kind of attack in the near future. But if people would have a personal health record where they could report symtoms that then would be parts of their mydata and patient records, this design might be affordable.

See also

• How Should Scientists’ Access To Health Databanks Be Managed? – The Living Library
• How does Finland use health and social data for the public benefit? – The Living Library
• Avoimen tieteen iltapäivä 31.10.2018
• Research Data Alliance Europe (RDA) [1]
• Benedikt Fecher, Sascha Friesike. 2013. Open science: one term, five schools of thought. Opening Science pp 17-47. [2]
• Avoin tiede: yhdessä kohti avoimempaa tiedettä 2018. Planning of open science in Finland. [3]
• Lainsäädännön arviointineuvoston evaluointi. Policy Brief 21/2018. [4]
• Lorrae van Kerkhoff and Louis Lebel, 2006. Linking Knowledge and Action for Sustainable Development. Annual Review of Environment and Resources 31:445-477 doi:10.1146/annurev.energy.31.102405.170850
• Inforglobe: linking more people to decision making [5]
• Daniel Shanahan 2015: Why perpetuate a 300-year-old anachronism? Reincarnating the research article into a ‘living document’. [6]
  • Daniel R Shanahan. A living document: reincarnating the research article. Trials 2015 16: 151 doi:10.1186/s13063-015-0666-5 [7]
• The Guardian 25 May 2017: It's time for academics to take back control of research journals. The evolution into a highly-profitable industry was never planned. Academics must make the case for lower-cost journals [8]
• Making journal articles 'live': Turning academic writing into scientific dialog

Article in GeoJournal 78(1) · February 2011 [9]

• Papr - the Tinder for pre-prints [10]
• Ilona Södervik. UNDERSTANDING BIOLOGICAL CONCEPTS AT UNIVERSITY – Investigating learning in medical and teacher education. TURUN YLIOPISTON JULKAISUJA – ANNALES UNIVERSITATIS TURKUENSIS Sarja - ser. B osa - tom. 421 | Humaniora | Turku 2016 [11]
• SN Goodman. Aligning statistical and scientific reasoning. Misunderstanding and misuse of statistival significance impede science. Science 03 Jun 2016: Vol. 352, Issue 6290, pp. 1180-1181 [12]
• The Open Group
• Informaatioteknologian avulla 2 miljardin säästöt yhteiskunnassa (Pekka Neittaanmäki 3/2015)
• Open source antipatterns: doing it wrong Byan Cantrill, Joyent.
• Open Finland Challenge
• Design for Government
• [13] [14] "We'd be better off if Science was more like @Wikipedia - open, transparent, and collaborative." - @Vote_ForPedro #openscience
  • Appgree
  • D-Cent fact sheet
  • Agora voting
  • Magna Charta of the web
• Avoin tiede Viima
• Helsinki Environmental Statistics
• Why Most Published Research Findings Are False by John P. A. Ioannidis. PLOS Medicine 2005. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0020124
• Tiedekasvatusta kaikille lapsille ja nuorille by Riitta Maijala
• Tieteen tila 2014 State of the science in Finland 2014
• Bioinformatics Center of the University of Eastern Finland
• Why most published research findings are false John P. A. IoannidisPLOS Published: August 30, 2005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0020124
• Tutkimuksen kansallinen tehtävä Reetta Muhonen ja Hanna-Mari Puuska
• Datan avaamisen ohjeistuksen suunnitelma kommentoitavaksi 3.3.2015 JulkICT
• en:Logical framework approach
• DOORS (Dynamic Object-Oriented Requirements System)
• Tieteen tila 2014 State of the science in Finland 2014
• Bioinformatics Center of the University of Eastern Finland
• Why most published research findings are false John P. A. IoannidisPLOS Published: August 30, 2005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0020124
• online survey on open access by Taylor & Francis, 2014.
• Thomas Lin: Cracking open the scientific process. The New Your Times, Jan 16, 2012 [15].
• PeerJ, an online Peer-reviewed journal and a preprint server.
• BioRxiv, a preprint server for life sciences. ScienceInsider article about BioRxiv.
• F1000Research, an open access journal for the life sciences. Publishes manuscripts before peer review.
  • Interview of Vitek Tracz in Science.
• The Economist: Trouble at the lab. Unreliable research: Scientists like to think of science as self-correcting. To an alarming degree, it is not.
• Reproducible Research in Computational Science by Roger D. Peng 2012
• Improving Validation Practices in “Omics” Research by John P. A. Ioannidis, Muin J. Khoury
• Eduuni e-Work and collaboration service environment
• [16]