ERF for heat exposure and mortality: Difference between revisions

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TODO: {{#todo:There is an overlap between this page and ERF of ambient temperature on mortality. These should be merged. I prefer the latter name.|Virpi Kollanus, Teemu Rintala|Intarese}}

Scope

Exposure-response relationship for short-term ambient heat exposure and mortality.

Dimensions and boundaries relevant for the variable

Cause of death
Country/other geographic area (differences in heat exposure/effects due to climate, physiological, cultural or behavioral factors)
Age of exposed population

Definition

Data

PHEWE-project ^[1]

Meta-analytical percent changes in mortality by age-group with 1^oC increase in maximum apparent temperature above the city-specific threshold temperature in European cities

		Mediterranean cities		North-continental cities
Cause of death	Age (years)	% change	95% Cl	% change	95% Cl
All natural causes	All	3.12	0.60, 5.73	1.84	0.06, 3.64
	15-64	0.92	-1.29, 3.13	1.31	-0.94, 3.72
	65-74	2.13	-0.42, 4.74	1.65	-0.51, 3.89
	75+	4.22	1.33, 7.20	2.07	0.24, 3.89
Cardiovascular	All	3.70	0.36, 7.04	2.44	-0.09, 5.32
	15-64	0.57	-2.47, 3.83	1.04	-2.20, 4.92
	65-74	1.92	-1.49, 5.35	1.50	-1.12, 4.62
	75+	4.66	1.13, 8.18	2.55	-0.24, 5.51
Respiratory	All	6.71	2.43, 11.26	6.10	2.46, 11.08
	15-64	1.54	-3.68, 7.22	3.02	-1.55, 7.42
	65-74	3.37	-1.46, 8.22	3.90	-0.16, 8.92
	75+	8.10	3.24, 13.37	6.62	3.04, 11.42

Meta-analytical estimates are based studies in the following cities:
- Mediterranean cities: Athens, Rome, Barcelona, Valencia, Turin, Milan, Lubljana
- North-continental cities: Prague, Budapest, Zurich, Paris, Helsinki, Stockholm, London, Dublin
Based on climate and mortality data for the period 1990-2000
Exposure assessment: daily maximum apparent outdoor air temperature (nearest airport weather station of each city)

Maud's interpretation of PHEWE^[2].

**ERF of heat on mortality.**
Region	Cause of death	Age	% change per 1 degree above threshold
Nothern continental	TOTAL	15-64	1.31
Nothern continental	TOTAL	65-74	1.65
Nothern continental	TOTAL	75+	2.07
Nothern continental	CVD	15-64	1.04
Nothern continental	CVD	65-74	1.50
Nothern continental	CVD	75+	2.55
Nothern continental	RESP	15-64	3.02
Nothern continental	RESP	65-74	3.90
Nothern continental	RESP	75+	6.62
Mediterranean	TOTAL	15-64	0.92
Mediterranean	TOTAL	65-74	2.13
Mediterranean	TOTAL	75+	4.22
Mediterranean	CVD	15-64	0.57
Mediterranean	CVD	65-74	1.92
Mediterranean	CVD	75+	4.66
Mediterranean	RESP	15-64	1.54
Mediterranean	RESP	65-74	3.37
Mediterranean	RESP	75+	8.10

Temperature threshold:

standard threshold (29.4 °C)
high threshold (32.4 °C)
low threshold (25.7 °C)

Dependencies

Unit

1/°C (log(RR) per 1 °C increase in the ambient temperature above the threshold)

Formula

coefficient = ln(ERF of heat on mortality/100 + 1) incremental exposure = heat exposure - heat exposure baseline

Result

References

↑ Baccini M, Biggeri A, Accetta G, Kosatsky T, Katsouyanni K, Analitis A, Ross Anderson H, Bisanti L, D'Ippoliti D, Danova J, Forsberg B, Medina S, Paldy A, Rabczenko D, Schindler C & Michelozzi P. 2008. Heat Effects on Mortality in 15 European Cities. Epidemiology, 15: 711-719.
↑ Baccini et al 2008 Epidemiology, vol 19, number 5, pp. 711-719

[1] Baccini M, Biggeri A, Accetta G, Kosatsky T, Katsouyanni K, Analitis A, Ross Anderson H, Bisanti L, D'Ippoliti D, Danova J, Forsberg B, Medina S, Paldy A, Rabczenko D, Schindler C & Michelozzi P. 2008. Heat Effects on Mortality in 15 European Cities. Epidemiology, 15: 711-719.

[2] Baccini et al 2008 Epidemiology, vol 19, number 5, pp. 711-719

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+[[heande:ERF of heat exposure on mortality]]
+[[category:Health effects]]
+[[Category: CLAIH]]
 {{variable|moderator = Virpi Kollanus}}
-[[Category: CLAIH]]
+{{todo|There is an overlap between this page and [[ERF of ambient temperature on mortality]]. These should be merged. I prefer the latter name.|Virpi Kollanus, Teemu Rintala|project=Intarese}}
 == Scope ==
- This includes a verbal definition of the spatial, temporal, and other limits
- (system boundaries) of the variable. The scope is defined according to the use
- purpose of the assessment(s) that the variable belongs to.
-Exposure-response relationship for short-term heat exposure and mortality.
+Exposure-response relationship for short-term ambient heat exposure and mortality.
 '''Dimensions and boundaries relevant for the variable
@@ Line 134: / Line 133: @@
 *Exposure assessment: daily maximum apparent outdoor air temperature (nearest airport weather station of each city)
-=== Causality ===
+Maud's interpretation of PHEWE<ref>Baccini et al 2008 Epidemiology, vol 19, number 5, pp. 711-719</ref>.
+{| {{prettytable}}
+|+'''ERF of heat on mortality.
+! Region!! Cause of death!! Age!! % change per 1 degree above threshold
+|----
+|| Nothern continental||  TOTAL ||  15-64 || 1.31
+|----
+|| Nothern continental||  TOTAL ||  65-74 || 1.65
+|----
+|| Nothern continental||  TOTAL ||  75+ || 2.07
+|----
+|| Nothern continental||  CVD ||  15-64 || 1.04
+|----
+|| Nothern continental||  CVD ||  65-74 || 1.50
+|----
+|| Nothern continental||  CVD ||  75+ || 2.55
+|----
+|| Nothern continental||  RESP ||  15-64 || 3.02
+|----
+|| Nothern continental||  RESP ||  65-74 || 3.90
+|----
+|| Nothern continental||  RESP ||  75+ || 6.62
+|----
+|| Mediterranean||  TOTAL ||  15-64 || 0.92
+|----
+|| Mediterranean||  TOTAL ||  65-74 || 2.13
+|----
+|| Mediterranean||  TOTAL ||  75+ || 4.22
+|----
+|| Mediterranean||  CVD ||  15-64 || 0.57
+|----
+|| Mediterranean||  CVD ||  65-74 || 1.92
+|----
+|| Mediterranean||  CVD ||  75+ || 4.66
+|----
+|| Mediterranean||  RESP ||  15-64 || 1.54
+|----
+|| Mediterranean||  RESP ||  65-74 || 3.37
+|----
+|| Mediterranean||  RESP ||  75+ || 8.10
+|----
+|}
+Temperature threshold:
+* standard threshold (29.4 °C)
+* high threshold (32.4 °C)
+* low threshold (25.7 °C)
+=== Dependencies ===
 === Unit ===
+/°C (log(RR) per 1 °C increase in the ambient temperature above the threshold)
 === Formula ===
+coefficient = ln(ERF of heat on mortality/100 + 1)
+incremental exposure = heat exposure - heat exposure baseline
 == Result ==
@@ Line 151: / Line 201: @@
 ==See also==
+*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2759912/ Basu R. 2009. High ambient temperature and mortality: a review of epidemiologic studies from 2001 to 2008. Environ Health. 2009; 8: 40.]
+* Liqun Liu, Susanne Breitner, Xiaochuan Pan, Ulrich Franck, Arne M Leitte, Alfred Wiedensohler, Stephanie von Klot, H-Erich Wichmann, Annette Peters and Alexandra Schneider. Associations between air temperature and cardio-respiratory mortality in the urban area of Beijing, China: a time-series analysis. Environmental Health 2011, 10: 51. {{doi|10.1186/1476-069X-10-51}} Published: 25 May 2011.
 ==References==
 <references/>