View source for Limit values for intakes of persistent pollutants via food

[[Category:Exposure]]
[[Category:Dioxins]]

The page includes limit values set up by international advisory and/or governing bodies regulating environmental health issues for intakes of persistent contaminants, organic or inorganic, via food. Contaminants currently included for their limit values are:


# '''Mercury''' (Hg) as its organic form, methylmercury '''(MeHg)''', the most readily bioaccumulated form
# '''Dioxins and furans (PCDD/F)''' and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls '''(DL-PCBs)'''
# '''Polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs)'''

<br>
=== Methylmercury, MeHg ===
<br>

'''Table 1.''' Limit values for MeHg intakes as body weight related concentration units per day set up by various international regulating bodies.
{| {{prettytable}}
| width="80pt"|TDI
| width="80pt"|PTWI
| width="120pt"|RfD
| width="10pt"|Year
| width="20pt"|Reference
| width="300pt"|Organisation
|----
| -
|  -
| '''0,1 µg/kg bw/d
| 2000
| [http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=9899&amp;page=11 1],  [http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?isbn=0309071402 2]
| NRC
|----
| -
|  -
| 0,3-1,0 µg/kg bw/d
| 1998
| [http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=9899&amp;page=72 3]
| Clewell et al. 1998 (meta-analysis or suchlike)
|----
| -
|  -
| '''0,1 µg/kg bw/d
| 1997
| [http://www.epa.gov/ttn/oarpg/t3/reports/volume1.pdf 4]
| U.S.EPA for any person including children & pregnant women
|----
| -
|  -
| 0,025-0,06 µg/kg bw/d
| 1995
| [http://www.ehponline.org/members/1995/Suppl-6/gibert-full.html 5]
| Gilbert & Grant-Webster 1995
|----
| -
|  -
| 0,05 µg/kg bw/d
| 1995
|  -
| Gilbert & Grant-Webster 1995, Rice 1992
|----
| -
|  -
| 0,07 µg/kg bw/d
| 1993
| [http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119302473/abstract 6]
| Stern 1993
|----
| -
| 3,3 µg/kg bw
|  -
| 
| [http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/119302473/abstract 7]
| JECFA for adults only
|----
| 0,48 µg/kg bw
|  -
|  -
| 1990
| [http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc101.htm#SubSectionNumber:10.2.2 8]
| The WHO/IPCS for adults only
|----
|}
:TDI=tolerable daily intake<ref name="IUPAC">[http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/enviro/iupacglossary/frontmatter.html IUPAC glossary terms used in toxicology]</ref>
:PTWI=permissible tolerable weekly intake<ref name="IUPAC"/>
:RfD=reference dose<ref name="IUPAC"/>
:NRC=The U.S. National Research Council
:U.S.EPA=The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
:JECHA=the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives
:WHO/IPCS=The International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) is a joint venture of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organisation, and the World Health Organization


=== Dioxins and furans and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls, PCDD/F and DL-PCB ===
<br>

'''Table 2.''' Limit values for PCDD/F and DL-PCB intakes as body weight related concentration units per day set up by various international regulating bodies.
{| {{prettytable}}
| width="140pt"|TDI
| width="120pt"|t-TWI
| width="120pt"|PTMI
| width="10pt"|Year
| width="20pt"|Reference
| width="200pt"|Organisation
|----
| -
| -
| -
| 2002
| [http://dels.nas.edu/dels/rpt_briefs/dioxin_brief_final.pdf 1]
| U.S. EPA statement:no new limit given
|----
| 2 pg WHO TEQ/kg bw
| -
| -
| 2001
| [http://cot.food.gov.uk/pdfs/cot-diox-full.pdf 2]
|  
|----
| -
| '''7 pg TEQ/kg bw
| -
| 2001
| [http://64.233.183.104/search?q=cache:6jPdOOuOIWUJ:ftp://ftp.fao.org/codex/ccfac36/fa36_32e.pdf+SCF+2001+tolerable+intakedioxins&amp;hl=en&amp;ct=clnk&amp;cd=4 3] 
| SCF
|----
| -
| 14 pg TEQ/kg bw
| -
| 2001
| [http://64.233.183.104/search?q=cache:6jPdOOuOIWUJ:ftp://ftp.fao.org/codex/ccfac36/fa36_32e.pdf+SCF+2001+tolerable+intakedioxins&amp;hl=en&amp;ct=clnk&amp;cd=4 4]
| SCF
|----
| -
| -
| 70 pg WHO TEQ/kg bw
| 2001
| [http://64.233.183.104/search?q=cache:6jPdOOuOIWUJ:ftp://ftp.fao.org/codex/ccfac36/fa36_32e.pdf+SCF+2001+tolerable+intakedioxins&amp;hl=en&amp;ct=clnk&amp;cd=4 5]
| JECFA
|----
| 0,01 pg WHO TEQ/kg bw
| -
| -
| 2001
| [http://64.233.183.104/search?q=cache:6jPdOOuOIWUJ:ftp://ftp.fao.org/codex/ccfac36/fa36_32e.pdf+SCF+2001+tolerable+intakedioxins&amp;hl=en&amp;ct=clnk&amp;cd=4 6]
| U.S.EPA
|----
| 0,006 pg WHO TEQ/kg bw
| -
| -
| 
| [http://www.terveysportti.fi/xmedia/duo/duo92005.pdf 7]
| U.S. EPA
|----
| '''5 pg WHO TEQ/kg bw
| -
| -
| 1999
| [http://www.terveysportti.fi/xmedia/duo/duo92005.pdf 8]
| The Nordic Expert Group
|----
| '''1-4 WHO TEQ pg/kg bw
| -
| -
| 1998
| [http://www.who.int/inf-pr-2001/en/state2001-01.html 9]
| WHO
|----
| '''1 pg WHO TEQ/kg bw
| -
| -
| 1998
| [http://www.who.int/ipcs/publications/en/exe-sum-final.pdf 10]
| ATSDR
|----
|}
:TDI=tolerable daily intake<ref name="IUPAC"/>
:t-TWI=temporary tolerable weekly intake<ref name="IUPAC"/>
:PTMI=permissible tolerable monthly intake<ref name="IUPAC"/>
:U.S.EPA=The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
:SCF=The Scientific Committee on Food of the European Commission
:JECHA=the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives
:WHO=World Health Organisation
:ATSDR=The U.S. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry


=== Polybrominated diphenylethers, PBDEs ===
<br>

For polybrominated diphenylethers there is currently no limit values available. JECFA (the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives) however has given an indicative threshold concentration at  100 µg/kg body weight/day, and concludes that ‘the limited toxicity data suggests that for the more toxic (less brominated) PBDE congeners (eg. BDE-47 and BDE-99) adverse effects would be unlikely to occur at doses of less than approximately 100 µg/kg bw per day’. FSANZ (Food Standards Australia New Zealand) concurs with the JECFA conclusions.<ref>[http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/_srcfiles/PBDE_Report_Dec_07.pdf Food standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) 2007. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) in food in Australia. Study of concentrations in foods in Australia including dietary exposure assessment and risk characterisation.]</ref>


== Additional references==
<br>

<references/>