View source for CAR-FMI, Contaminants in the Air from a Road

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<br>CAR-FMI (Härkönen et al., 1996; Karppinen et al., 2000a) is a Gaussian finite line source dispersion model i.e., a plume model for an open road network. Road is treated as a straight line of finite length. The traffic volume of the road during one hour is assumed constant and thus the traffic emissions can be interpreted as a finite line source. 

The model computes an hourly time-series of the pollutant dispersion for CO, NO, NO<sub>2</sub>, NO<sub>x</sub>, O<sub>3</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub> and C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub> concentrations with input information from <br>•&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;the number and locations of the line sources <br>•&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;the hourly traffic volumes of the roads <br>•&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;compounds to be computed and details of statistical interests of the output <br>•&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;hourly time-series of the meteorology and the background concentration. 

<br>CAR-FMI uses the general analytical solution of Luhar anf Patil (1989) for the dispersion of gaseous compounds. The dispersion parameters are modelled as function of the Monin-Obukhov length, the friction velocity and the mixing height (Gryning et al., 1987). The meteorological time-series is computed by the meteorological pre-processing model (MPP-FMI; Karppinen et al., 2000b). Traffic-originated turbulence is modelled with a semi-empirical treatment (Petersen, 1980). The model includes a treatment for the basic reactions of nitrogen oxides, oxygen and ozone, using a receptor-oriented discrete parcel method, and the dry deposition of the fine particles.<br>&nbsp;<br>The final results of statistically analysed hourly concentrations are available in tabular form or presented graphically utilizing the GIS (Geographic Information System) MapInfo. 

<br>More information:<br>Ari Karppinen<br>Jari Härkönen<br>email: firstname.lastname@fmi.fi<br>&nbsp;<br>See also the long description of CAR-FMI at the Model Documentation System website of the European Topic Centre on Air and Climate Change, ETC/ACC: 

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==== References  ====

Gryning, S.E., Holtslag, A.A.M., Irwin, J.S., Sievertsen, B., 1987. Applied dispersion modelling based on meteorological scaling parameters. Atmospheric Environment 21, 79-89. 

<span lang="FI" style="">Härkönen, J., Valkonen, E., Kukkonen, J.,
</span>Rantakrans, E., Lehtinen, K., Karppinen, A., Jalkanen, L., 1996. A model for the dispersion of pollution from a road network. Finnish Meteorological Institute. Publications on air quality No. 23, Helsinki, Yliopistopaino, [[/en-opwiki/index.php?title=Special:Booksources&isbn=951697449X|<u>ISBN 951-697-449-X</u>]]<u>,</u> 34 s. <br> 

<span lang="FI" style="">Karppinen, A, Kukkonen, J., Elolähde, T.,
</span>Konttinen, M., Koskentalo, T. and Rantakrans, E., 2000a. A modelling system for predicting urban air pollution, Model description and applications in the Helsinki metropolitan area. Atmospheric Environment 34, pp. 3723-3733. <br> 

<span lang="FI" style="">Karppinen, A., Joffre, S. M., Kukkonen, J.,
</span>2000b. The refinement of a meteorological pre-processor for the urban environment. International Journal of Environment and Pollution 14 (1-6), 565-572. <br> 

Luhar, A.K., Patil, R.S., 1989. A general finite line source model for vehicular pollution prediction, Atmospheric Environment 25, pp. 555-562. 

Petersen, W., 1980. User's guide for HIWAY2, a highway air pollution model. EPA-600/8-80-018, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 69 p. 

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