View source for Baseline PM2.5 exposure in Hämeenkyrö

{{variable}}
[[Category:Exposures]]
[[Category:Classical air pollutants]]
[[Category:Risk assessment on Hämeenkyrö municipal solid waste incinerator]]

== Scope ==

'''Baseline PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure in Hämeenkyrö''' describes existing PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure in Hämeenkyrö. Annual average exposure concentration.

== Definition ==

Fine particulate matter is a mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets in the air. PM2.5 is particulate matter that is 2.5 micrometers or smaller in size. PM2.5 exposure route is inhalation and the level of exposure dependents on level of PM2.5 consentartion  in the air and the length of time spent indoors and outdoors. Personal exposure of individuals can be calculated using air pollution levels from environment, which are weighted with the time-activity pattern. 

Exposure to ambient-generated particles (Eag) is dominated by home ventilation and are estimated from ambient concentrations (Ca) multiplied by the fraction of time spent outdoors (F<sub>o</sub>) and the fraction of time spent indoors (F<sub>i</sub>) modified by the particle infiltration efficiency (F<sub>inf</sub>).(WHO, 2006.)

Mean personal daytime exposure in Helsinki were 8-11 ug/m3 (Koistinen 2002). In Europe average fairly uniform rural background concentrations were 11-13ug/m3,15-20 ug/m3 in urban background and 20-30 ug/m3 at traffic sites (WHO, 2006.). Urban US highest PM<sub>2.5</sub> concs 20-30 mikrog/m<sup>3</sup>, concentration in Helsinki over several years 8-11 mikrog/m<sup>3</sup>, non-urban US concs 1-6 mikrog/m<sup>3</sup> (Koistinen 2002). Thus, small Finnish town: maybe 7 mikrog/m<sup>3</sup>?  

===References===

*[http://www.ktl.fi/attachments/suomi/julkaisut/julkaisusarja_a/2002a3.pdf| Koistinen Kimmo: Exposure of an Urban Adult Population to PM2.5. 2002. Methods, determination and sources. Publications of the National Public Health Institute A3/2002.]
*[http://www.who.dk/document/E88189.pdf| WHO: Health risks of particulate matter from long-range transboundary air pollution. 2006.]
*[http://www.ehponline.org/members/2004/6980/6980.html]

=== Data ===

Based on expert judgement.

=== Causality ===

Inputs  {{Reslink| Inputs are the variables that affect this variable}}
*[[Variable:PM2.5 emissions in Hämeenkyrö]]
*[[Variable:PM2.5 emissions from MSWI, biofuel plant, and natural gas plant in Hämeenkyrö]]
*[[Variable:Intake fraction for PM2.5 emissions from Hämeenkyrö]]
*[[Variable:PM2.5 exposure due to MSWI in Hämeenkyrö]]

E<sub>ag</sub> = C<sub>a</sub> * (F<sub>o</sub> + F<sub>i</sub> x F<sub>inf</sub>) 

=== Unit ===

µg/m<sup>3</sup>

=== Formula ===


== Result ==
7

==See also==


==References==


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