SRES-population scenarios on city level

From Opasnet
Jump to: navigation, search
The text on this page is taken from an equivalent page of the IEHIAS-project.

As part of the EU-funded INTARESE project, which contributed to the development of this Toolbox, a case study was carried out to assess the health impacts of exposure to heat and UV radiation under different climate change scenarios. As part of this study, projected population estimates had to be downscaled to city level.

Aim: To develop population scenarios for the three city-level study areas, under each of the climate change scenarios. Four scenarios developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) were used in the assessment: the SRES-A2 and SRES-B1 scenarios (for UV radiation) and the SRES-B1 and SRES-A1 scenarios for heat. Population projections under these scenarios were required for:

  • The cities of Rome, Greater London and Helsinki;
  • Time horizons of 2001 (baseline), 2030 and 2050 (in line with SRES A2, A1 and B1).
  • Population data stratified by 5-year age groups

Explanation of the method

Background information on the IPCC population scenarios

The IPCC (2000) SRES emissions scenarios (A1, A2, B1, B2) used population projections from both the United Nations (UN) and the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) (Table 1).

Table 1: The IPCC SRES population scenarios
SRES Data source http://www.iiasa.ac.at/Research/<stockticker>POP</stockticker>/index.html
A1 IIASA .rapid demographic transition model Population growth was assumed to be low (~ 6.5 billion in 2100) because of the importance of development in bringing about the demographic transition from high to low fertility in developing countries with fertility currently above replacement level. Low mortality is assumed to correlate with the low fertility
A2 IIASA .slow demographic transition model Population growth in A2 is high (15 billion by 2100) because of the reduced financial resources available to address human welfare, child and reproductive health and education. The relatively higher fertility rates in this scenario are assumed to correlate with higher mortality rates
B1 IIASA .rapid. demographic model Population growth is again low
B2 UN 1998 Medium Long Range Projection (based on 1996 revision) Population growth is considered to be medium in this scenario (10.3 billion in 2100). For this case the SRES used the UN 1998 medium long-range projection as described. This is the only SRES scenario using a medium population growth projection with replacement level fertility in the long-run.
NOTE: The SRES OECD region includes Canada, Guam, Puerto Rico, United States of America, Virgin Islands, Andorra, Austria, Azores, Belgium, Canary Islands, Channel Islands, Cyprus, Denmark, Faeroe Islands, Finland, France, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Greenland, Iceland, Ireland, Isle of Man, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Madeira, Malta, Monaco, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey

Baseline population data

Baseline population data are available from:

  • London: Office of National Statistics (ONS)
  • Rome: the National Institute of Statistics, Italy (ISTAT)
  • Helsinki: City of Helsinki Urban Facts

WP3.7 Methodology: downscaling SRES-population scenarios from OECD-level to the city-level

Figure 1 provides an illustration of our methodology.

Downscaling SRES population scenarios.JPG

A). First, we obtained the SRES population projections and the UN Population Prospects 2006 Revision’s projections for the OECD region.

  • The SRES OECD projections are available for total population and 4 different scenarios (A1, A2, B1 and B2). The time horizon is 2100.
  • The UN 2006 population projections provide population data for both sexes and 5-year age groups, for each year up to 2050, and for several variants such as medium, high and low population.

B). For each SRES population scenario for the OECD region (2050), the United Nations variant (medium, high or low) that was the closest to the SRES scenario was chosen as the starting point for the population downscaling:

  • SRES- A1 (A1B Illustrative Marker with model AIM) was matched withthe UN 2006 medium variant. According to this UN-variant the OECD population in 2050 will be 1.08 billion whereas the SRES A1 scenario ( (estimated that population will be 1.08 7 billion in 2050 (UN 2006 medium variant= 100% *A1).
  • SRES-A2(A2 Illustrative Marker with model ASF) was matched withthe UN 2006 high variant, as A2 is characterized by high population growth. According to this UN-variant, the OECD population in 2050 will be 1.25 billions where as the A2 scenario gives a population of 1.13 billion 2050. (UN 2006 high variant= 109% *A2).
  • SRES-B1 (B1 Illustrative Marker with model IMAGE) was matched with UN 2006 medium variant. According to this UN variant the OECD population (minus Turkey and Cyprus) in 2050 will be 0.98 billion whereas the SRES B1 scenario estimated that population will be 1.00 billion in 2050 (UN 2006 medium variant= 98% *B1). We accounted fro the fact that the IMAGE model placed Turkey and Cyprus in the Middle East region, as opposed to OECD, as is typical with the other SRES marker models


Please note that the CIESIN made the same decisions based on the UN 2002 population revision data. Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), 2002. Country-level Population and Downscaled Projections based on the B2 Scenario, 1990-2100, digital version. Palisades, NY: CIESIN, Columbia University.

C). For each city, we have accordingly translated the selected UN national population scenarios (UN Population Prospects 2006 Revision) to city-level population projections (2030, 2050) in the following steps:

  • Step 1: Linking the selected UN 2006 projections with available national projections
    • We identified available population projections provided by national institutes.
    • For each UN 2006 scenario (national level), the national projection that was closest to the UN projection was identified.
  • Step 2: Linking/downscaling selected national projections with/to city level population projections
    • We identified relevant - population projections (preferably city level).
    • For each national projection selected in step 1, we either a) selected the associated city-level projection (if available), or b) downscaled the associated sub-national projection to city level. Assuming that the population ratio of city\sub-national area remains the same to baseline year 2001.

The WP3.7-UVR full assessment report provides worksheets describing how this methodology has been applied to each of the three case studies (London, Rome, Helsinki).

References

See also

Integrated Environmental Health Impact Assessment System
IEHIAS is a website developed by two large EU-funded projects Intarese and Heimtsa. The content from the original website was moved to Opasnet.
Topic Pages
Toolkit
Data

Boundaries · Population: age+sex 100m LAU2 Totals Age and gender · ExpoPlatform · Agriculture emissions · Climate · Soil: Degredation · Atlases: Geochemical Urban · SoDa · PVGIS · CORINE 2000 · Biomarkers: AP As BPA BFRs Cd Dioxins DBPs Fluorinated surfactants Pb Organochlorine insecticides OPs Parabens Phthalates PAHs PCBs · Health: Effects Statistics · CARE · IRTAD · Functions: Impact Exposure-response · Monetary values · Morbidity · Mortality: Database

Examples and case studies Defining question: Agriculture Waste Water · Defining stakeholders: Agriculture Waste Water · Engaging stakeholders: Water · Scenarios: Agriculture Crop CAP Crop allocation Energy crop · Scenario examples: Transport Waste SRES-population UVR and Cancer
Models and methods Ind. select · Mindmap · Diagr. tools · Scen. constr. · Focal sum · Land use · Visual. toolbox · SIENA: Simulator Data Description · Mass balance · Matrix · Princ. comp. · ADMS · CAR · CHIMERE · EcoSenseWeb · H2O Quality · EMF loss · Geomorf · UVR models · INDEX · RISK IAQ · CalTOX · PANGEA · dynamiCROP · IndusChemFate · Transport · PBPK Cd · PBTK dioxin · Exp. Response · Impact calc. · Aguila · Protocol elic. · Info value · DST metadata · E & H: Monitoring Frameworks · Integrated monitoring: Concepts Framework Methods Needs
Listings Health impacts of agricultural land use change · Health impacts of regulative policies on use of DBP in consumer products
Guidance System
The concept
Issue framing Formulating scenarios · Scenarios: Prescriptive Descriptive Predictive Probabilistic · Scoping · Building a conceptual model · Causal chain · Other frameworks · Selecting indicators
Design Learning · Accuracy · Complex exposures · Matching exposure and health · Info needs · Vulnerable groups · Values · Variation · Location · Resolution · Zone design · Timeframes · Justice · Screening · Estimation · Elicitation · Delphi · Extrapolation · Transferring results · Temporal extrapolation · Spatial extrapolation · Triangulation · Rapid modelling · Intake fraction · iF reading · Piloting · Example · Piloting data · Protocol development
Execution Causal chain · Contaminant sources · Disaggregation · Contaminant release · Transport and fate · Source attribution · Multimedia models · Exposure · Exposure modelling · Intake fraction · Exposure-to-intake · Internal dose · Exposure-response · Impact analysis · Monetisation · Monetary values · Uncertainty
Appraisal