IEHIAS scenarios: example from transport

From Opasnet
Jump to: navigation, search
The text on this page is taken from an equivalent page of the IEHIAS-project.

As part of the EU-funded INTARESE project, which contributed to the development of this Toolbox, a series of case studies were carried out to assess health impacts associated with road transport in several European cities. One of these, in Helsinki, focused on congestion charging.

Congestion charging (CC) has been proposed in Helsinki as a means to mitigate traffic congestion and health impairment due to increasing traffic volumes.

The region of interest in this assessment consisted of four municipalities in the Finnish capital region: i.e. Helsinki, Espoo, Vantaa, and Kauniainen, which until 2009 constituted the administrative entity of the Helsinki Metropolitan Area (HMA), with a total population of ~1 million and an area of ~740 km2. The assessment was designed to compare health impacts under a hypothetical policy of congestion charging (CC) to a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario.

Sources and their impacts under both years were modelled for the base year of 2005. For the CC policy, a three-zone charging scheme was assumed, in which personal cars must pay a fee for public road use during weekdays. The fee was assumed to be distance-based and dependent on the zone and time of day. Thereby, the technical implementation of CC was taken to rely on global positioning system (GPS) and vehicle telematics. Within the CC policy, 3 sub-scenarios were examined, differing in the levels of fees - i.e. "high fees", "low fees", and "one-zone fees" (see Table 1, below). Public traffic flows were assumed to remain unchanged (in terms of vehicles/h), on the assumption that increased demand could be met by an increase in capacity (e.g. bus size) and/or utilization rate. The numbers of trips by public transport (and light transport) were obviously allowed to change.

Table 1. Levels of congestion fees by zone as applied to the scenarios
Innermost zone Middle zone Outermost zone
Business as usual 0 0 0
Low fees 20 13.3 6.7
High fees 40 26.7 13.3
One zone fee 40 0

The scenarios were defined in close collobaration with the municipality of Helsinki, a key stakeholder. Specifically officials from the Tranport Department contributed to discussions about which scenarios were ambitous yet realistic in terms of selected prices, hours and geographical coverage. Exisiting congestion charge schemes in London and Stockholm were also examined, to inform the choice of scenarios. Extensive use was made of Wiki-pages to invite comments on the scenarios in a transparent way.

Though the scenario was developped specifically for this case study, the city council of Helsinki has since launched an evaluation of the feasibility of CC to mitigate traffic-related problems in the capital region, an option that is also favoured by most inhabitants of the area. Therefore, this assessment provides highly policy-relevant information of general interest, for decision-makers and inhabitants alike.

See also

Integrated Environmental Health Impact Assessment System
IEHIAS is a website developed by two large EU-funded projects Intarese and Heimtsa. The content from the original website was moved to Opasnet.
Topic Pages
Toolkit
Data

Boundaries · Population: age+sex 100m LAU2 Totals Age and gender · ExpoPlatform · Agriculture emissions · Climate · Soil: Degredation · Atlases: Geochemical Urban · SoDa · PVGIS · CORINE 2000 · Biomarkers: AP As BPA BFRs Cd Dioxins DBPs Fluorinated surfactants Pb Organochlorine insecticides OPs Parabens Phthalates PAHs PCBs · Health: Effects Statistics · CARE · IRTAD · Functions: Impact Exposure-response · Monetary values · Morbidity · Mortality: Database

Examples and case studies Defining question: Agriculture Waste Water · Defining stakeholders: Agriculture Waste Water · Engaging stakeholders: Water · Scenarios: Agriculture Crop CAP Crop allocation Energy crop · Scenario examples: Transport Waste SRES-population UVR and Cancer
Models and methods Ind. select · Mindmap · Diagr. tools · Scen. constr. · Focal sum · Land use · Visual. toolbox · SIENA: Simulator Data Description · Mass balance · Matrix · Princ. comp. · ADMS · CAR · CHIMERE · EcoSenseWeb · H2O Quality · EMF loss · Geomorf · UVR models · INDEX · RISK IAQ · CalTOX · PANGEA · dynamiCROP · IndusChemFate · Transport · PBPK Cd · PBTK dioxin · Exp. Response · Impact calc. · Aguila · Protocol elic. · Info value · DST metadata · E & H: Monitoring Frameworks · Integrated monitoring: Concepts Framework Methods Needs
Listings Health impacts of agricultural land use change · Health impacts of regulative policies on use of DBP in consumer products
Guidance System
The concept
Issue framing Formulating scenarios · Scenarios: Prescriptive Descriptive Predictive Probabilistic · Scoping · Building a conceptual model · Causal chain · Other frameworks · Selecting indicators
Design Learning · Accuracy · Complex exposures · Matching exposure and health · Info needs · Vulnerable groups · Values · Variation · Location · Resolution · Zone design · Timeframes · Justice · Screening · Estimation · Elicitation · Delphi · Extrapolation · Transferring results · Temporal extrapolation · Spatial extrapolation · Triangulation · Rapid modelling · Intake fraction · iF reading · Piloting · Example · Piloting data · Protocol development
Execution Causal chain · Contaminant sources · Disaggregation · Contaminant release · Transport and fate · Source attribution · Multimedia models · Exposure · Exposure modelling · Intake fraction · Exposure-to-intake · Internal dose · Exposure-response · Impact analysis · Monetisation · Monetary values · Uncertainty
Appraisal