ERF of volcanic ash

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Exposure-response function (ERF) of volcanic ash describes toxic properties of the ash derived from a volcanic eruption.

Question

What are toxic properties of the ash derived from a volcanic eruption?

Answer

ERF of volcanic ash(?)
ObsDiseaseResponse metricExposure routeExposure metricExposure unitThresholdERF parameterERFDescription
1Asthmainhalationaverage time
2Bronchitisinhalationaverage time

Rationale

Data

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24-hour average concentrations of total suspended particulates (TSP) (ug/m3), and number of emergency room visits due to asthma and bronchitis at the two major hospitals in Yakima, May 4 to June 2, 1980. The Environmental Protection Agency's Emergency Action Level for potential health problems due to increased air pollution (derived from the combustion of fossil fuels) is a 24-hour mean concentration of 875 ug/m3 of TSP.[1]

Special issue of volcano eruption and health in AJPH 1986.

  • Health effects of volcanoes: an approach to evaluating the health effects of an environmental hazard. Am J Public Health. 1986 Mar;76(3 Suppl):1-90. PubMed PMID: [3].
  • Buist AS, Bernstein RS. Health effects of volcanoes: an approach to evaluating the health effects of an environmental hazard. Am J Public Health. 1986 Mar;76(3 Suppl):1-2. PubMed PMID: [4]; PubMed Central PMCID: [5].
  • Bernstein RS, Baxter PJ, Buist AS. Introduction to the epidemiological aspects of explosive volcanism. Am J Public Health. 1986 Mar;76(3 Suppl):3-9. Review. PubMed PMID: [6]; PubMed Central PMCID: [7].
  • Newhall CG, Fruchter JS. Volcanic activity: a review for health professionals. Am J Public Health. 1986 Mar;76(3 Suppl):10-24. PubMed PMID: [8]; PubMed Central PMCID: [9].
  • Bernstein RS, Baxter PJ, Falk H, Ing R, Foster L, Frost F. Immediate public health concerns and actions in volcanic eruptions: lessons from the Mount St. Helens eruptions, May 18-October 18, 1980. Am J Public Health. 1986 Mar;76(3 Suppl):25-37. PubMed PMID: [10]; PubMed Central PMCID: [11].
  • Buist AS, Martin TR, Shore JH, Butler J, Lybarger JA. The development of a multidisciplinary plan for evaluation of the long-term health effects of the Mount St. Helens eruptions. Am J Public Health. 1986 Mar;76(3 Suppl):39-44. PubMed PMID: [12]; PubMed Central PMCID: [13].
  • Olsen KB, Fruchter JS. Identification of the physical and chemical characteristics of volcanic hazards. Am J Public Health. 1986 Mar;76(3 Suppl):45-52. PubMed PMID: [14]; PubMed Central PMCID: [15].
  • Dollberg DD, Bolyard ML, Smith DL. Evaluation of physical health effects due to volcanic hazards: crystalline silica in Mount St. Helens volcanic ash. Am J Public Health. 1986 Mar;76(3 Suppl):53-8. PubMed PMID: [16]; PubMed Central PMCID: [17].
  • Martin TR, Wehner AP, Butler J. Evaluation of physical health effects due to volcanic hazards: the use of experimental systems to estimate the pulmonary toxicity of volcanic ash. Am J Public Health. 1986 Mar;76(3 Suppl):59-65. Review. PubMed PMID: [18]; PubMed Central PMCID: [19].
  • Buist AS, Bernstein RS, Johnson LR, Vollmer WM. Evaluation of physical health effects due to volcanic hazards: human studies. Am J Public Health. 1986 Mar;76(3 Suppl):66-75. PubMed PMID: [20]; PubMed Central PMCID: [21].
  • Shore JH, Tatum EL, Vollmer WM. Evaluation of mental effects of disaster, Mount St. Helens eruption. Am J Public Health. 1986 Mar;76(3 Suppl):76-83. PubMed PMID: [22]; PubMed Central PMCID: [23].
  • Baxter PJ, Bernstein RS, Buist AS. Preventive health measures in volcanic eruptions. Am J Public Health. 1986 Mar;76(3 Suppl):84-90. PubMed PMID: [24]; PubMed Central PMCID: [25].

Dependencies

None defined.

Unit

Rate ratio / change in total suspended particles (TSP) in breathing zone.

See also

References

  1. Bernstein RS, Baxter PJ, Falk H, Ing R, Foster L, Frost F. Immediate public health concerns and actions in volcanic eruptions: lessons from the Mount St. Helens eruptions, May 18-October 18, 1980. Am J Public Health. 1986 Mar;76(3 Suppl):25-37. PubMed PMID: [1]; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1651693 [2]