| Group |
Main category |
Subcategory |
Name |
Description |
Keywords |
Region
|
| Tools (tool) |
Concentration |
Outdoor air |
AERMOD [1] |
| Show details
|
| AERMOD is a steady-state plume model that incorporates air dispersion based on planetary boundary layer turbulence structure and scaling concepts, including treatment of both surface and elevated sources, and both simple and complex terrain. There are two input data processors that are regulatory components of the AERMOD modeling system: AERMET, a meteorological data preprocessor that incorporates air dispersion based on planetary boundary layer turbulence structure and scaling concepts, and AERMAP, a terrain data preprocessor that incorporates complex terrain using USGS Digital Elevation Data
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modeling, air, atmosphere, meteorology |
|
| Databases (db) |
General exposure factors |
Time activity data |
AHTUS [2] |
| Show details
|
| The American Heritage Time Use Study, a database of national time-diary samples collected over five decades, includes harmonized background, activity, location, mode of transport and who else was present variables. Free registration and ONLY U.S. data. Includes data from NHANES and ATUS studies. Data is in SPSS files, so you have to have a program to open them.
|
|
time activity, time use, AHTUS, American Heritage Time Use Study |
USA
|
| Tools (tool) |
Exposure |
Inhalation |
Air Pollutants Exposure Model (APEX) [3] |
| Show details
|
| The Air Pollutants Exposure Model (APEX) is intended to be applied at the local, urban, or consolidated metropolitan area scale and currently only addresses inhalation exposures. The model simulates the movement of individuals through time and space and their exposure to the given pollutant in various microenvironments (e.g., outdoors, indoors residence, in-vehicle). The user may choose the number and types of microenvironments to be included, select the time period of interest, use either monitored ambient air quality data or values provided from dispersion or other modeling runs, and use either a mass balance approach or an empirical ratio-based (factor) approach to estimate indoor and/or in-vehicle concentrations. Results of the APEX simulations are provided as hourly and summary exposure and/or dose estimates, depending on the application, for each individual included in the simulation as well as summary statistics for the population modeled.
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|
intake, inhalation, air, modeling, human health, time use, exposure, dose |
|
| Databases (db) |
Media concentrations |
Outdoor air |
AirBase - the European Air quality dataBase [4] |
| Show details
|
| AirBase is maintained by the European Topic Centre for Air and Climate Change A total of 34 countries (until 2004) have reported air quality data to this monitoring network, including all from the European Union with 1320 sites across Europe. Most common pollutants reported are CO, NOx (NO and NO2), ozone, PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and TSP, with a minor number of countries also reporting on metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) and various organic compounds. Level of information is dependable of the year and country and data can be presented as statistics, raw data or meta-information. The statistics and raw data are shown either as a table or in a graph (where one can choose between daily or hourly values). Statistical values indicate annual mean, maximum, and the 50, 95 and 98 percentile values. [5]
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|
nitrogen dioxide, NO2, nitrogen monoxide, NO, ozone, O3, PM, particles, particulate matter, TSP, total suspended particles, PM2.5, PM10, black smoke, sulfur dioxide, SO2, carbon monoxide, CO, VOCs, volatile organic compounds, metals, arsenic, cadmium, lead, nickel, manganese, stong acidity, outdoor air, urban, suburban, rural |
Europe: Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia FYR of, Malta, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom
|
| Databases (db) |
Media concentrations |
Outdoor air |
AirData [6] |
| Show details
|
| The AirData Web site gives you access to air pollution data for the entire United States. AirData includes annual summaries of air pollution data from two EPA AQS (Air Quality System) database providing air monitoring data - ambient concentrations of criteria (carbon Monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone, particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), and lead) and hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) at monitoring sites, primarily in cities and towns.
|
|
CO, carbon monoxide, O3, ozone, SO2, sulfur dioxide, PM 2.5, PM10, PM, particles, particulate matter, metals, Pb, lead, outdoor air, HAP, hazardous air pollutants, criteria air pollutants |
USA: All states
|
| Databases (db) |
Emissions |
Air |
AirData [7] |
| Show details
|
| The AirData Web site gives you access to air pollution data for the entire United States. AirData includes emission data from NEI (National Emission Inventory) database providing estimates of annual emissions of criteria (carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), volatile organic compounds, and ammonia) and hazardous air pollutants from all types of sources (stationary and mobile sources). The NEI database in 2002 replaced two separate EPA databases for emissions of criteria air pollutants (National Emission Trends, or NET) and hazardous air pollutants (National Toxics Inventory, or NTI).
|
|
emissions, outdoor air, sources, criteria air pollutants, hazardous air pollutants, HAP, CO, carbon monoxide, Nox, nitrogen oxides, VOC, volatile organic compounds, SO2, sulfur dioxide, PM, PM2.5, PM10, particulate matter, NH3, ammonia |
USA
|
| Guidance documents (pdf) |
Exposure assessment |
Interspecies extrapolation |
Anatomical and physiological differences between various species used in studies on the harmacokinetics and toxicology of xenobiotics. A review of literature [8] |
| Show details
|
| An inventory was made of relevant physiological and anatomical characteristics of various species most commonly used in studies on pharmacokinetics and toxicology of oral exposure to xenobiotics. The species studied were: the human, mouse, rat, rabbit, dog, (mini)pig and monkey. The anatomical and physiological characteristics of the different compartments of the gastrointestinal tract, mouth, stomach and small intestine, and of the bile and metabolism in liver and small intestine were reviewed. This report is primarily meant as a review for researchers using animal models to study pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics of xenobiotics, and for risk assessors on pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics.
|
|
species, anatomical physiological characteristics, pharmacokinetics, toxicokinetics, animal models |
|
| Databases (pdf) |
Media concentrations |
Food (including breast milk) |
Annual EU-wide Pesticide Residues Monitoring Report [9] |
| Show details
|
| In the EU co-ordinated programme, eight commodities (apples, tomatoes, lettuce, strawberries, leek, orange juice, head cabbage and rye/oats) are analysed for 47 pesticides. Latest report is for 2004. The list of pesticides analysed in 2004 included all 42 substances analysed in 2003, with five additions. Overall, 13953 samples were analysed in this programme. The 2004 report, covers the situation with regard to pesticide residues monitoring in the participating Member States of the EU and the three EEA States Norway, Iceland, and Liechtenstein. In 2004, data from the eight new Member States Cyprus, Czech Republic, Hungary, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia were included in the report for the first time.
|
|
Food, pesticides |
Europe
|
| Databases (pdf) |
Emissions |
Emission factors |
AP42: Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors. Volume I: Stationary Point and Area Sources [10] |
| Show details
|
| Emission factors in tables categorized for sources of various field.
|
|
emission factors, sources, emissions, air pollution, HAP, hazardous air pollutants, PM, particles, VOCs, volatile organic compounds, metals, PAHs, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, SO2, sulfur dioxide, CO2, carbon dioxide, N2O, nitrous oxide |
USA
|
| Tools (tool) |
GIS |
Mapping |
ArcReader [11] |
| Show details
|
| ArcReader is a free, easy-to-use desktop mapping application that allows users to view, explore, and print maps and globes. Anyone with ArcReader can view high-quality interactive maps authored by a higher-level ArcGIS Desktop product and published with the ArcGIS Publisher extension.
|
|
gis |
|
| Databases (pdf) |
Chemical properties |
General properties |
ATSDR - Toxicological Profiles [12] |
| Show details
|
| The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) produces "toxicological profiles" for hazardous substances found at National Priorities List (NPL) sites. These hazardous substances are ranked based on frequency of occurrence at NPL sites, toxicity, and potential for human exposure. Toxicological profiles are developed from a priority list of 275 substances. So far, 289 toxicological profiles have been published or are under development as "finals" or "drafts for public comment". These profiles cover more than 250 substances. Profiles include also chemical and physical indormation and information for production, import, use and disposal.
|
|
National Priorities List, NPL, toxicology, chemical properties, physical properties |
|
| Databases (pdf) |
Chemical properties |
Fate properties |
ATSDR - Toxicological Profiles [13] |
| Show details
|
| The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) produces "toxicological profiles" for hazardous substances found at National Priorities List (NPL) sites. These hazardous substances are ranked based on frequency of occurrence at NPL sites, toxicity, and potential for human exposure. Toxicological profiles are developed from a priority list of 275 substances. So far, 289 toxicological profiles have been published or are under development as "finals" or "drafts for public comment". These profiles cover more than 250 substances. Profiles include also information for enironmental release and fate.
|
|
hazardous substances, National Priorities List, NPL, toxicity, human exposure, toxicology, environmental release, fate |
|
| Databases (pdf) |
Chemical properties |
Toxicological properties |
ATSDR - Toxicological Profiles [14] |
| Show details
|
| The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) produces "toxicological profiles" for hazardous substances found at National Priorities List (NPL) sites. These hazardous substances are ranked based on frequency of occurrence at NPL sites, toxicity, and potential for human exposure. Toxicological profiles are developed from a priority list of 275 substances. So far, 289 toxicological profiles have been published or are under development as "finals" or "drafts for public comment". These profiles cover more than 250 substances. Profiles include also information for health effects and toxicology.
|
|
hazardous substances, National Priorities List, NPL, toxicity, human exposure, toxicology, environmental release, fate |
|
| Databases (db) |
Emissions |
Air |
Australia's national database of pollutant emissions [15] |
| Show details
|
| The National Pollutant Inventory (NPI) maintains emission database for several sources and pollutants in Australia. Data is available from year 1999. Searches can be based on location, substance, source or facility. Results are provided as total/year.
|
|
emissions, air, water, land, sources, PAHs, VOCs, particles, PM10, NOx, nitrogen oxides, SO2, sulfur dioxide, CO, carbon monoxide, CO2, carbon dioxide, metals |
Australia
|
| Databases (db) |
Emissions |
Water |
Australia's national database of pollutant emissions [16] |
| Show details
|
| The National Pollutant Inventory (NPI) maintains emission database for several sources and pollutants in Australia. Data is available from year 1999. Searches can be based on location, substance, source or facility. Results are provided as total/year.
|
|
emissions, air, water, land, sources, PAHs, VOCs, particles, PM10, NOx, nitrogen oxides, SO2, sulfur dioxide, CO, carbon monoxide, CO2, carbon dioxide, metals |
Australia
|
| Databases (db) |
Emissions |
Soil and sediment |
Australia's national database of pollutant emissions [17] |
| Show details
|
| The National Pollutant Inventory (NPI) maintains emission database for several sources and pollutants in Australia. Data is available from year 1999. Searches can be based on location, substance, source or facility. Results are provided as total/year.
|
|
emissions, air, water, land, sources, PAHs, VOCs, particles, PM10, NOx, nitrogen oxides, SO2, sulfur dioxide, CO, carbon monoxide, CO2, carbon dioxide, metals |
Australia
|
| Databases (html) |
Chemical properties |
Fate properties |
Biodegradation and Bioconcentration of the Excisting Chemical Substances [18] |
| Show details
|
| LC-50 values on fish, biodegradation values (MITI test) and bioconcentration information for approximately 1400 chemicals. Database is produced by National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, Japan.
|
|
LC-50, fish, biodegradation, bioconcentration |
|
| Tools (tool) |
Exposure |
UV-radiation |
Calculated Ultraviolet Exposure Levels [19] |
| Show details
|
| Tool to calculate UV-exposure levels for a healthy vitamin D status for any time or place.
|
|
uv |
|
| Tools (tool) |
Concentration |
Outdoor air |
CALPUFF [20] |
| Show details
|
| CALPUFF is an advanced non-steady-state meteorological and air quality modeling system developed by ASG scientists. The modeling system consists of three main components and a set of preprocessing and post processing programs. The main components of the modeling system are CALMET (a diagnostic 3-dimensional meteorological model), CALPUFF (an air quality dispersion model), and CALPOST (a post processing package). Each of these programs has a graphical user interface (GUI). Requires free registration.
|
|
Atmosphere, air quality, modeling, meteorology |
|
| Tools (tool) |
Concentration |
Multimedia |
CalTOX [21] |
| Show details
|
| CalTOX has been developed as a set of spreadsheet models and spreadsheet data sets to assist in assessing human exposures from continuous releases to multiple environmental media, i.e. air, soil, and water. It has also been used for waste classification and for setting soil clean-up levels at uncontrolled hazardous wastes sites. The modeling components of CalTOX include a multimedia transport and transformation model, multi-pathway exposure scenario models, and add-ins to quantify and evaluate uncertainty and variability. [22]
|
|
modeling, risk assessment, human toxicity potential, environmental fate, exposure |
|
| Tools (tool) |
Exposure |
Multipathway |
CalTOX [23] |
| Show details
|
| CalTOX has been developed as a set of spreadsheet models and spreadsheet data sets to assist in assessing human exposures from continuous releases to multiple environmental media, i.e. air, soil, and water. It has also been used for waste classification and for setting soil clean-up levels at uncontrolled hazardous wastes sites. The modeling components of CalTOX include a multimedia transport and transformation model, multi-pathway exposure scenario models, and add-ins to quantify and evaluate uncertainty and variability. [24]
|
|
models, risk assessment, human toxicity potential, environmental fate, exposure |
|
| Tools (tool) |
Concentration |
Outdoor air |
CAMx [25] |
| Show details
|
| CAMx is an Eulerian photochemical dispersion model that allows for integrated "one-atmosphere" assessments of gaseous and particulate air pollution (ozone, PM2.5, PM10, air toxics) over many scales ranging from sub-urban to continental. It is designed to unify all of the technical features required of "state-of-the-science" air quality models into a single system that is computationally efficient, easy to use, and publicly available. CAMx can be provided environmental input fields from any meteorological model (e.g., MM5, RAMS, and WRF) and emission inputs from any emissions processor (SMOKE, CONCEPT, EPS, EMS).
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|
particulate matter, dispersion, air |
|
| Databases (db) |
Emissions |
Emission factors |
CEPMEIP Database - Emission Factors [26] |
| Show details
|
| The Co-coordinated European Programme on Particulate Matter Emission Inventories, Projections and Guidance (CEPMEIP) is part of the activities aimed at supporting national experts in reporting particulate matter emission inventories to the EMEP programme. Emission factors for particles categorized based on the source and fuel.
|
|
emission factors, emissions, sources, air pollution, particles, PM2.5, PM10, TSP |
|
| Databases (db) |
Emissions |
Air |
CEPMEIP Database - Emissions [27] |
| Show details
|
| The Co-coordinated European Programme on Particulate Matter Emission Inventories, Projections and Guidance (CEPMEIP) is part of the activities aimed at supporting national experts in reporting particulate matter emission inventories to the EMEP programme. Information for emissions of TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 for European countries in year 2005. Same data can be obtained also from EMEP database.
|
|
emissions, air, particles, PM10, PM2.5, TSP |
Europe, Asia
|
| Databases (db) |
General exposure factors |
Time activity data |
CHAD [28] |
| Show details
|
| Consolidated Human Activity Database (CHAD) contains data obtained from pre-existing human activity studies that were collected at city, state, and national levels (ONLY U.S. data). CHAD is a master database providing access to other human activity databases using a consistent format. This facilitates access and retrieval of activity/and questionnaire information from those databases that EPA currently has access to-and-uses-in its various regulatory analyses undertaken by program offices. Data can be downloaded to own computer (dat files or access files, which are installed as a runtime version of the database) and it includes following data (U.S. level data only as Baltimore Data, Denver Data, NHAPS Data, California Data, Washington,D.C. Data, Valdez Data, Cincinnati Data, Elementary Kids Data and High School Kids Data).
|
|
time activity, time use, CHAD, consolidated human activity database |
USA
|
| Guidance documents (pdf) |
Exposure assessment |
Dermal exposure |
Chapter 6 - Dermal Route in Exposure Factors Handbook [29] |
| Show details
|
| Information and guidance how to evaluate exposure through dermal route.
|
|
dermal, exposure assessments |
|
| Databases (db) |
Chemical properties |
General properties |
ChemBioFinder [30] |
| Show details
|
| Name, synonyms, molecular formula, structure, melting and boiling points, density, refractive index, vapor density and pressure, water solubility and flash point for several compounds. A free registration needed.
|
|
chemical properties, structures, physical properties |
|
| Databases (db) |
Chemical properties |
General properties |
Chemical and Physical Properties Database [31] |
| Show details
|
| This database provides the summary tables of chemical and physical property values available from various sources. This database is intended to provide a quick summary of available chemical and physical property values and allows a person to compare and verify values quickly. Provides information for basic properties.
|
|
chemical properties, physical properties, henry's law constants, partition coefficients, diffusion coefficients, air, water |
|
| Databases (db) |
Chemical properties |
Toxicological properties |
Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System (CCRIS) [32] |
| Show details
|
| CCRIS is a toxicology data file of the National Library of Medicine's (NLM) Toxicology Data Network (TOXNET®). It is a scientifically evaluated and fully referenced data bank, developed and maintained by the National Cancer Institute (NCI). It contains over 9,000 chemical records with carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, tumor promotion, and tumor inhibition test results. Data are derived from studies cited in primary journals, current awareness tools, NCI reports, and other special sources. Test results have been reviewed by experts in carcinogenesis and mutagenesis. [33]
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|
carcinogenity, mutagenity, toxicity |
|
| Databases (pdf) |
Chemical properties |
Fate properties |
Chemical Fate half lives for Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Chemicals [34] |
| Show details
|
| Document includes half lives for dioxins, furans, PCBs, PAHs and some metals.
|
|
half life, dioxins, furans, PCBs, PAHs, metals |
|
| Databases (db) |
Chemical properties |
Fate properties |
Chemical-Specific Factors [35] |
| Show details
|
| Chemical values for several compounds. Data includes partition coefficients, transfer factors, absorption factors and several other constants.
|
|
diffusion coefficients, henry's law constants, pahs, pcbs, pesticides, dioxins, air, water, soil, bioaccumulation, plant, dermal, absorption |
|
| Databases (db) |
Chemical properties |
Toxicological properties |
Chemical-Specific Toxicity Values [36] |
| Show details
|
| The database of chemical-specific toxicity values contains the human health toxicological information needed to perform risk evaluations and assessments. This database contains information taken from the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS ), the Health Effects Assessment Summary Tables (HEAST-rad HEAST-nonrad), EPA Provisional Peer Reviewed Toxicity Values (PPRTVs) Database, and other information sources. In this database, all information is referenced. Additionally, the database contains supplemental information which clarifies some issue.
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|
human health, toxicology, risks, effects, bioaccumulation, fish, dermal, permeability |
|
| Databases (db) |
Chemical properties |
General properties |
ChemIDplus [37] |
| Show details
|
| Information available more than 300000 substances. Data includes information for structure, toxicity and chemical properties.
|
|
chemical properties, physical properties, toxicology, structures, henry's law constants, log P, atmospheric OH rate constants, pKa dissociation constants |
|
| Databases (db) |
Chemical properties |
Toxicological properties |
ChemIDplus [38] |
| Show details
|
| Information available more than 300000 substances. Data includes information for structure, toxicity and chemical properties.
|
|
chemical properties, physical properties, toxicology, structures, henry's law constants, log P, atmospheric OH rate constants, pKa dissociation constants |
|
| Databases (db) |
Chemical properties |
General properties |
ChemPortal [39] |
| Show details
|
| eChemPortal allows for simultaneous search of multiple databases and provides clearly described sources and quality of data. eChemPortal gives access to data submitted to government chemical review programmes at national, regional, and international levels. Includes data for physical chemical properties.
|
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physical properties, chemical properties |
|
| Databases (db) |
Chemical properties |
Fate properties |
ChemPortal [40] |
| Show details
|
| eChemPortal allows for simultaneous search of multiple databases and provides clearly described sources and quality of data. eChemPortal gives access to data submitted to government chemical review programmes at national, regional, and international levels. Includes data for environmental fate and behaviour.
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Physical chemical properties, environmental fate and behaviour, ecotoxicity, toxicity |
|
| Databases (db) |
Chemical properties |
Toxicological properties |
ChemPortal [41] |
| Show details
|
| eChemPortal allows for simultaneous search of multiple databases and provides clearly described sources and quality of data. eChemPortal gives access to data submitted to government chemical review programmes at national, regional, and international levels. Includes data for ecotoxicity and toxicity.
|
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Physical chemical properties, environmental fate and behaviour, ecotoxicity, toxicity |
|
| Databases (db) |
General exposure factors |
Ingestion data |
Concise European Food Consumption Database [42] |
| Show details
|
| The concise database gathers data on average daily consumption of foods per person sourced from the Member States of EU. It comprises 15 broad categories (e.g. milk and dairy-based products) and 21 subcategories (e.g. cheese)
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ingestion, food, water |
Europe
|
| Databases (html) |
Chemical properties |
General properties |
Concise International Chemical Assessment Documents (CICADs) [43] |
| Show details
|
| Concise International Chemical Assessment Documents (CICADs) are the latest in a family of publications from the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS). CICADs are concise documents that provide summaries of the relevant scientific information concerning the potential effects of chemicals upon human health and/or the environment. They are based on selected national or regional evaluation documents or on existing EHCs. The primary objective of CICADs is characterization of hazard and dose–response from exposure to a chemical. CICADs are not a summary of all available data on a particular chemical; rather, they include only that information considered critical for characterization of the risk posed by the chemical. [44]
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Environmental health, chemical safety, effects, hazards, dose-responses, risks |
|
| Databases (html) |
Chemical properties |
Fate properties |
Concise International Chemical Assessment Documents (CICADs) [45] |
| Show details
|
| Concise International Chemical Assessment Documents (CICADs) are the latest in a family of publications from the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS). CICADs are concise documents that provide summaries of the relevant scientific information concerning the potential effects of chemicals upon human health and/or the environment. They are based on selected national or regional evaluation documents or on existing EHCs. The primary objective of CICADs is characterization of hazard and dose–response from exposure to a chemical. CICADs are not a summary of all available data on a particular chemical; rather, they include only that information considered critical for characterization of the risk posed by the chemical. [46]
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|
Environmental health, chemical safety, effects, hazards, dose-responses, risks |
|
| Databases (html) |
Chemical properties |
Toxicological properties |
Concise International Chemical Assessment Documents (CICADs) [47] |
| Show details
|
| Concise International Chemical Assessment Documents (CICADs) are the latest in a family of publications from the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS). CICADs are concise documents that provide summaries of the relevant scientific information concerning the potential effects of chemicals upon human health and/or the environment. They are based on selected national or regional evaluation documents or on existing EHCs. The primary objective of CICADs is characterization of hazard and dose–response from exposure to a chemical. CICADs are not a summary of all available data on a particular chemical; rather, they include only that information considered critical for characterization of the risk posed by the chemical. [48]
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Environmental health, chemical safety, effects, hazards, dose-responses, risks |
|
| Tools (tool) |
Exposure |
Multipathway |
ConsExpo [49] |
| Show details
|
| ConsExpo is a set of coherent, general models that enables the estimation and assessment of the exposure to substances from consumer products and their uptake by humans. Data about the application of products and data from mathematical models are used to build up the program. The program is based on relatively simple exposure and uptake models. Using ConsExpo, it is possible to calculate the exposure to consumer products in a standardized way. ConsExpo can carry out not only calculations with point values but also calculations with distributions and for both acute and chronic situations. Sensitivity analyses can be carried out as well.
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intake, consumer products, inhalation, dermal, ingestion, modeling, exposure, intake |
|
| Databases (db) |
General exposure factors |
Land use data |
CORINE Land Cover 2000 (CLC2000) [50] |
| Show details
|
| Corine Land Cover 2000 (CLC2000) is produced by the European Environment Agency (EEA) and its member countries in the European environment information and observation network (Eionet). Corine Land Cover 2000 (CLC2000) is an update for the reference year 2000 of the first Corine Land Cover database which was finalised in the early 1990s as part of the European Commission program to COoRdinate Information on the Environment (Corine). The inventory is based on computer assisted photo interpretation of satellite images divided into 44 categories, and the raw data have a spatial resolution of 25 hectares. The categories include artificial surfaces, agriculture, forest and natural areas, wetlands and water bodies. The CORINE data are provided both as vector data sets, in their original form, and as a generalised raster data set, at a notional 100 meter resolution. Data is available for EU25 countries. Download requires permission from EEA. [51]
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|
Land cover, corine, ecosystem, built environment, infrastructure, urban development, water |
|
| Guidance documents (pdf) |
Exposure assessment |
Dermal exposure |
Dermal Absorption [52] |
| Show details
|
| WHO Environmental Health Criteria document on dermal absorption and its application to chemical risk assessment. Guidance document on methods used in assessing dermal absorption parameters. The purpose of this document is to present to the newcomer an assessment of chemicals. It does not intend to be comprehensive. A further aim is to present and discuss current topics of interest in the field of percutaneous penetration.
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dermal absoption, risks, exposure assessments |
|
| Guidance documents (pdf) |
Exposure assessment |
Dermal exposure |
Dermal Exposure Assessment: Principles and Applications [53] |
| Show details
|
| The Office of Research and Development of the U.S. EPA has completed a guidance document entitled: "Dermal Exposure Assessment: Principles and Applications" to provide the principles of dermal absorption and outline procedures on how to apply these principles to actual dermal exposure scenarios including water, air and soil exposures. For all three media, experimental values of dermal absorption constants of environmental pollutants are summarized from the literature. Where data is lacking, predictive structure-activity correlations are recommended for pollutants in aqueous media and in air. For dermal exposure to soil, several approaches are suggested for evaluation.
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dermal, exposure assessments, water, air, soil |
|
| Tools (tool) |
Exposure |
Ingestion |
Dietary Exposure Potential Model (DEPM) [54] |
| Show details
|
| A model and database system, termed the Dietary Exposure Potential Model (DEPM), correlates extant food information in a format for estimating dietary exposure. The resident database system includes several national, government-sponsored food intake surveys and chemical residue data from monitoring programs. A special feature of the DEPM is the use of recipes developed specifically for exposure analysis that link consumption survey data for prepared foods to the chemical residue information, which is normally reported for raw food ingredients. Consumption in the model is based on 11 food groups containing approximately 820 exposure core food (ECF) items with similar basic ingredients, established from mean values of cosumption of over 6700 food items commonly identified in food surveys. The summary ECF databases are aggregated in a fashion to allow analyst selection of demographic factors, such as age/gender groups, geographical regions, ethnic groups and economic status. Daily intake is estimated by the model based on mean values of residues reported for over 350 pesticides and environmental contaminants.
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intake, ingestion, modeling, food, exposure |
|
| Tools (tool) |
Chemical properties |
Chemical properties |
Diffusion Coefficient Estimation [55] |
| Show details
|
| Diffusion coefficients are required inputs to some environmental transport or risk assessment models. Literature values are sometimes available for these parameters, although, often the literture values are determined at 25 oC. When parameter values are otherwise unavailable, either for an unusual chemical, or for a temperature not reported in the literature, a calculated value may be useful. EPA's two versions of on-line calculator for estimating water and air phase diffusion coefficients are availab. The first contains preset inputs for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) and oxygenated additives of gasoline. The second version requires generation of input parameters for the chemicals of interest.
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diffusion coefficients, water, air |
|
| Databases (db) |
Chemical properties |
Toxicological properties |
ECOTOX database [56] |
| Show details
|
| The ECOTOX (ECOTOXicology) database provides single chemical toxicity information for aquatic and terrestrial life. ECOTOX was created and is maintained by the U.S.EPA
|
|
environmental effects, environmental fate, toxicity |
|
| Databases (db) |
Chemical properties |
Toxicological properties |
EDETOX [57] |
| Show details
|
| Evaluations and Predictions of Dermal Absorption of Toxic Chemicals (EDETOX). Databank of literature evaluated and generated as part of EDETOX project. The Database contains data that has been produced by in vitro and in vivo percutaneous penetration studies. These have been compiled from the published literature. The information can be used to establish and validate mathematical models that have been produced to predict percutaneous penetration. The data can be filtered in a variety of ways and can be extracted in printed reports or exported to excel spreadsheets.
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percutaneous permeability |
|
| Databases (db) |
Emissions |
Air |
EEA Aggregated and Gap Filled Emission Data [58] |
| Show details
|
| Dataset showing aggregated emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse gases as used in the European Environment Agency's indicator factsheets and assessment reports 1990-2004. Where there are gaps in reported data from countries, a simple gap-filling process is used to provide a consistent set of data suitable for assessment purposes. Air pollution data is available for European and selected Asian countries. Greenhouse gas data is available for European countries.
|
|
Emissions, air acidifying compounds, NOx, nitrogen oxides, SOx, sulfur oxides, NH3, ammonium, greenhouse gases, CH4, methane, CO2, carbon dioxide, HFC-A, hydrofluorocarbons, N2O, nitrous oxide, PFC-A, perfluorocarbons, SF6-A, sulfur hexafluorides, CO, carbon monoxide, VOC, volatile organic compounds, particles, particulate matter, PM10 |
Europe, EU, Asia, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia- the Former Yugoslav Republic of, Malta, Moldova- Republic of, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom
|
| Databases (db) |
Emissions |
Air |
EEA Greenhouse Gas Data Viewer [59] |
| Show details
|
| National annual greenhouse gas inventories for EU countries for Carbon dioxide, Methane, Nitrous oxide, Perfluorocarbons, Hydrofluorocarbons and Sulphur hexafluoride. The data contain the most recently submitted information, covering the period from 1990 to 2005. Emissions are also available by source categories.
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|
Emissions, air, CO2, Carbon dioxide, CH4, methane, N2O, nitrous oxide, HFC-A, HFC-P, hydrofluorocarbons, PFC-A, PFC-P, perfluorocarbons, SF6-A, SF6-P, sulfur hexafluorides, sources |
Europe, EU, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom
|
| Databases (db) |
General exposure factors |
Population data |
EEA's Population density disaggregated with Corine land cover 2000 [60] |
| Show details
|
| Raster data on population density using Corine Land Cover 2000 inventory. Data are available at 100 meters resolution in GeoTiff format.
|
|
population density, GIS |
Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom
|
| Databases (db) |
Media concentrations |
Outdoor air |
EMEP measurement data [61] |
| Show details
|
| Includes measured data from 36 European countries. Measured components and time frame of measurements varies between cases. Measured pollutants include Acidifying and eutrophying compounds, ozone, heavy metals, POPs, particulate matter (Joint EMEP, GAW-WDCA and CREATE database) and VOC. [62]
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|
acidifying compounds, eutrophying compounds, ozone, O3, heavy metals, pops, particles, particulate matter, PM, SPM, Pm10, PM2.5, VOCs, volatile organic compounds, Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution |
Europe, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, FYR of Macedonia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Moldova, Romania
Russia, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, The Netherlands, Turkey, United Kingdom, Ukraine
|
| Databases (db) |
Media concentrations |
Soil and sediment |
EMEP-MSCE: Modelled POP concentrations in soil [63] |
| Show details
|
| MSC-E produces maps on modelled concentrations of POPs at the regional level (Europe, up to 2001) or for the northern hemisphere. Concentrations are modelled starting from emissions to air (by country) and by using a multimedia fate and transfer model. Comparison exercises between modelled and measured soil concentrations are available for some POPs (HCH, HCB). By June 2004, following POPs are included into the modellering activities: PAHs, PCDD/Fs, PCBs, ?-HCH, HCB and the new substances: HCBD, PeCB, PCN-47, ?-endosulphan, dicofol. Maps for soil are at present available for benzo(b)fluoranthene, PCDD/Fs, PCBs, ?-HCH and HCB. Data are regularly updated. Maps are available from the website. Numerical data are available on request. [64]
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|
pops, persistent organic pollutants, pcbs, pahs, dioxins, soil, air, modelling |
Global: northern hemisphere
|
| Databases (db) |
Emissions |
Air |
Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) [65] |
| Show details
|
| Provides global emission inventories of direct and indirect greenhouse gases from anthropogenic sources including halocarbons and aerosols both on a per country and region basis as well as on a grid. Gases included are CO2, CH4, N2O and HFCs, PFCs and SF6 and the precursor gases CO, NOx, NMVOC and SO2.
|
|
emissions, air, greenhouse gases, halocarbons, aerosols, CO2, carbon dioxide, CH4, methane, N2O, nitrous oxide, HFCs, hydrofluorocarbons, PFCs, perfluorocarbons, SF6, sulfur hexafluoride, CO, carbon monoxide, NOx, nitrogen oxides, VOC, volatile organic compounds, SO2, sulfur dioxide |
Global
|
| Databases (db) |
Emissions |
Emission factors |
Emission Factors Database [66] |
| Show details
|
| Emission factors in UK level for various sources in year 2000. For year 2005 emissions factors for road transport are available for 1,3-butadiene, Benzene, Carbon Dioxide as C , Carbon Monoxide, Methane, Nitrogen Oxides as NO2, Nitrous Oxide, Non Methane VOC, PM10 and Sulphur Dioxide.
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emission factors, sources, emissions, PM10, particles, BS, black smoke, vocs, volatile organic compounds, CO, carbon monoxide, CO2, carbon dioxide, POPs, persistent organic pollutants, metals, SO2, sulfur dioxide, |
United Kingdom
|
| Tools (tool) |
Concentration |
Soil and sediment |
Emsoft [67] |
| Show details
|
| The EMSOFT environmental screening model may be used 1) to determine concentrations of contaminants remaining in the soil over a given time (when the initial soil concentration is known); 2) to quantify the mass flux (rate of transfer) of contaminants into the atmosphere over time; and 3) to subsequently calculate contaminant air concentrations by inputting mass flux values into atmospheric dispersion models. EMSOFT can also be used by risk assessors and exposure modelers to calculate average chemical concentrations at a given depth over time.
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soil, modeling, assessment, flux, fate |
|
| Databases (db) |
Chemical properties |
General properties |
EnviChem [68] |
| Show details
|
| The main content of the database consists of information on the toxicity of substances in relation to different species, especially aquatic organisms, together with information on the persistence and accumulation of these substances in the environment. The information is mainly compiled from scientific literature, handbooks and databases in the field of ecotoxicology which have been available to environmental protection authorities. Database contains 2750 chemicals.
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|
chemical properties, physical properties, toxicology, half life, air, water, soil, degradation, persistence, bioaccumulation, henry's law constants |
|
| Databases (db) |
Chemical properties |
Fate properties |
EnviChem [69] |
| Show details
|
| The main content of the database consists of information on the toxicity of substances in relation to different species, especially aquatic organisms, together with information on the persistence and accumulation of these substances in the environment. The information is mainly compiled from scientific literature, handbooks and databases in the field of ecotoxicology which have been available to environmental protection authorities. Database contains 2750 chemicals.
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|
chemical properties, physical properties, toxicology, half life, air, water, soil, degradation, persistence, bioaccumulation, henry's law constants |
|
| Databases (db) |
Chemical properties |
Toxicological properties |
EnviChem [70] |
| Show details
|
| The main content of the database consists of information on the toxicity of substances in relation to different species, especially aquatic organisms, together with information on the persistence and accumulation of these substances in the environment. The information is mainly compiled from scientific literature, handbooks and databases in the field of ecotoxicology which have been available to environmental protection authorities. Database contains 2750 chemicals.
|
|
chemical properties, physical properties, toxicology, half life, air, water, soil, degradation, persistence, bioaccumulation, henry's law constants |
|
| Databases (db) |
Chemical properties |
Fate properties |
Environmental Fate Data Base (EFDB) [71] |
| Show details
|
| The EFDB is a tremendous aid in identifying persistent chemical classes, as well as physical or chemical properties that may correlate to particular behavior in the environment. The EFDB is comprised of several interrelated files, DATALOG, CHEMFATE, BIOLOG, and BIODEG. These databases share a CAS# file containing over 20,000 chemicals with preferred name and formula, and a bibliographic file containing full references on over 36,000 articles cited. Includes information for chemical properties, fate properties, degradation and toxicity.
|
|
pahs, pcbs, vocs, pesticides, dioxins |
|
| Guidance documents (html) |
Exposure assessment |
General exposure assessment |
Environmental Health Criteria 214: Human Exposure Assessment [72] |
| Show details
|
| This document on human exposure assessment presents in one publication the concepts, rationale, and statistical and procedural methodologies for human exposure assessment. The underpinnings of exposure assessment are the basic environmental and biological measurements found in the more familiar specialties of air and water pollution and food and soil sciences. Therefore, throughout this document readers are referred to other publications for technical details on instrumental and laboratory methods. This criteria document is intended for the community of scientific investigators inquiring about the human health consequences of contaminants in our environment
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chemicals, exposure assessment, air, water, food, soil |
|
| Databases (html) |
Chemical properties |
General properties |
Environmental Health Criteria Monographs (EHC's) [73] |
| Show details
|
| EHC monographs are based on a comprehensive search of available original publications, scientific literature and reviews and examine: the physical and chemical properties and analytical methods; sources of environmental and industrial exposure and environmental transport, chemobiokinetics and metabolism including absorption, distribution, transformation and elimination; short and long term effects on animals (carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and teratogenicity); and finally, an evaluation of risks for human health and the effects on the environment. Includes information on 231 chemicals (Sep. 12, 2007). This series is issued by the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) [74]
|
|
Environmental health, chemical safety, physical and chemical properties, analytical methods, sources, exposure, transport, chemobiokinetics, metabolism, absorption, distribution, transformation, elimination, effects, risks, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, teratogenicity |
|
| Databases (html) |
Chemical properties |
Fate properties |
Environmental Health Criteria Monographs (EHC's) [75] |
| Show details
|
| EHC monographs are based on a comprehensive search of available original publications, scientific literature and reviews and examine: the physical and chemical properties and analytical methods; sources of environmental and industrial exposure and environmental transport, chemobiokinetics and metabolism including absorption, distribution, transformation and elimination; short and long term effects on animals (carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and teratogenicity); and finally, an evaluation of risks for human health and the effects on the environment. Includes information on 231 chemicals (Sep. 12, 2007). This series is issued by the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) [76]
|
|
Environmental health, chemical safety, physical and chemical properties, analytical methods, sources, exposure, transport, chemobiokinetics, metabolism, absorption, distribution, transformation, elimination, effects, risks, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, teratogenicity |
|
| Databases (html) |
Chemical properties |
Toxicological properties |
Environmental Health Criteria Monographs (EHC's) [77] |
| Show details
|
| EHC monographs are based on a comprehensive search of available original publications, scientific literature and reviews and examine: the physical and chemical properties and analytical methods; sources of environmental and industrial exposure and environmental transport, chemobiokinetics and metabolism including absorption, distribution, transformation and elimination; short and long term effects on animals (carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and teratogenicity); and finally, an evaluation of risks for human health and the effects on the environment. Includes information on 231 chemicals (Sep. 12, 2007). This series is issued by the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) [78]
|
|
Environmental health, chemical safety, physical and chemical properties, analytical methods, sources, exposure, transport, chemobiokinetics, metabolism, absorption, distribution, transformation, elimination, effects, risks, carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, teratogenicity |
|
| Databases (html) |
Chemical properties |
General properties |
EPA - Pesticides [79] |
| Show details
|
| EPA's we page providing various information on pesticides (health effects, fact sheets for chemicals, guidance etc.)
|
|
pesticides, health and safety, homes |
|
| Tools (tool) |
Exposure |
Source attribution |
EPA CMB8 [80] |
| Show details
|
| The Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) Model EPA-CMBv8.2 requires speciated profiles of potentially contributing sources and the corresponding ambient data from analyzed samples collected at a single receptor site. CMB is ideal for localized nonattainment problems and has proven to be a useful tool in applications where steady-state Gaussian plume models are inappropriate, as well as for confirming or adjusting emissions inventories.
|
|
receptor modeling, air |
|
| Tools (tool) |
Exposure |
Source attribution |
EPA Positive Matrix Factorization 3.0 (EPA PMF 3.0) [81] |
| Show details
|
| Receptor models provide scientific support for current ambient air quality standards and for implementation of those standards by identifying and quantifying contributions of various source types. EPA PMF is one of the receptor models being developed by ORD. The user provides a file of concentrations where each column contains a different species and each row contains a different time, typically an hour or a day. Then EPA PMF uses a constrained weighted least squares approach to decompose the file of concentrations into a set of profiles and times series of contributions for each of the profiles.
|
|
receptor modeling, air, pollution sources |
|
| Tools (tool) |
Chemical properties |
Chemical properties |
Estimated Henry's Law Constant [82] |
| Show details
|
| Henry's Law Constants characterize the equilibrium distribution of dilute concentrations of volatile, soluble chemicals between gas and liquid. For this calculator, the liquid is water. Temperature-dependence is calculated by two methods: one developed by the EPA Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response and the other published in the journal Ground Water and written by John Washington in 1996.
|
|
henry's law constants |
|
| Tools (tool) |
Chemical properties |
Chemical properties |
Estimation Program Interface (EPI) Suite [83] |
| Show details
|
| The EPI (Estimation Programs Interface) Suite™ is a Windows® based suite of physical/chemical property and environmental fate estimation models developed by the EPA’s Office of Pollution Prevention Toxics and Syracuse Research Corporation (SRC). EPI Suite™ uses a single input to run the following estimation models: KOWWIN™, AOPWIN™, HENRYWIN™, MPBPWIN™, BIOWIN™, BioHCWIN, PCKOCWIN™, WSKOWWIN™, WATERNT™, BCFWIN™, HYDROWIN™, KOAWIN and AEROWIN™, and the fate models STPWIN™, WVOLWIN™, and LEV3EPI™. EPI Suite™ was previously called EPIWIN. EPI Suite™ is a screening level tool and should not be used if representative measured values are available.
|
|
physical chemical properties, environmental fate, partition coefficients, henry's law constants, half life, air, soil, absorption |
|
| Databases (db) |
Emissions |
Air |
European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR) [84] |
| Show details
|
| The European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR) is the new Europe-wide register that provides easily accessible key environmental data from industrial facilities in European Union Member States and in Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway. It replaces and improves upon the previous European Pollutant Emission Register (EPER). The new register contains data reported annually by some 24,000 industrial facilities covering 65 economic activities across Europe. For each facility, information is provided concerning the amounts of pollutant releases to air, water and land as well as off-site transfers of waste and of pollutants in waste water from a list of 91 key pollutants including heavy metals, pesticides, greenhouse gases and dioxins for the year 2007 onwards. Some information on releases from diffuse sources is also available and will be gradually enhanced.
|
|
emissions, air, water, metals, pcbs, dioxins, pahs, particles |
Europe
|
| Databases (db) |
Emissions |
Water |
European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR) [85] |
| Show details
|
| The European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR) is the new Europe-wide register that provides easily accessible key environmental data from industrial facilities in European Union Member States and in Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway. It replaces and improves upon the previous European Pollutant Emission Register (EPER). The new register contains data reported annually by some 24,000 industrial facilities covering 65 economic activities across Europe. For each facility, information is provided concerning the amounts of pollutant releases to air, water and land as well as off-site transfers of waste and of pollutants in waste water from a list of 91 key pollutants including heavy metals, pesticides, greenhouse gases and dioxins for the year 2007 onwards. Some information on releases from diffuse sources is also available and will be gradually enhanced.
|
|
emissions, air, water, metals, pcbs, dioxins, pahs, particles |
Europe
|
| Databases (db) |
General exposure factors |
Ingestion data |
Eurostat [86] |
| Show details
|
| Various statistics are maintained by Eurostat and are freely available for download from the website, although the site demands registration. There are some predefined tables provided, and addition to that user can make own queries with several options for data retrieval. Data is divided to several sub-categories. There are at least information for food and water consumption and data for pesticide and fertilizer consumption. [87]
|
|
ingestion, water, food, diet |
Europe
|
| Databases (db) |
General exposure factors |
Consumption data for pesticides |
Eurostat [88] |
| Show details
|
| Various statistics are maintained by Eurostat and are freely available for download from the website, although the site demands registration. There are some predefined tables provided, and addition to that user can make own queries with several options for data retrieval. Data is divided to several sub-categories. There are at least information for pesticide and fertilizer consumption and the initial version of the database contains 188 pesticide active ingredients. Data is provides for use of pesticides (years 1992-1999) and for sales of pesticides (years 1975 onwards). [89]
|
|
pesticide consumption |
|
| Databases (db) |
General exposure factors |
Mobility data for people |
Eurostat [90] |
| Show details
|
| Various statistics are maintained by Eurostat and are freely available for download from the website, although the site demands registration. There are some predefined tables provided, and addition to that user can make own queries with several options for data retrieval. Data is divided to several sub-categories. Transport related category provides some information on mobility of peoples in road, railway, air and waterways. Level of information is quite general.
|
|
Transport, mobility, passenger, goods, infrastructure |
Europe
|
| Databases (db) |
General exposure factors |
Land use data |
Eurostat [91] |
| Show details
|
| Data are published for the European Union (EU-15 and EU-25, if coverage sufficient for aggregation) as well as for each Member State separately. In addition, data for EU-Candidate Countries (Bulgaria, Romania and Turkey), the EEA-Countries (EU25 and Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein), Switzerland, Japan and the United States are given. However, for many countries the countries provide only a small percentage of the requested data, with agricultural land covered adequately and a varied picture for the remaining categories. Time series begin in 1950 for some countries and in general coverage improves overtime. The time coverage ranges between the years 1950 and 1970, then updated ever five years from 1980 onwards. Breakdown by main category (agriculture, forest and wooded land, built-up and related land, wet open lands, dry open lands, water and total area) measured in km2. Land use is divided to 40 classes with 1km grid. [92]
|
|
Land use, agricultural, forest, woodland, arable, built environment, infrastructure, water |
|
| Databases (db) |
General exposure factors |
Population data |
Eurostat [93] |
| Show details
|
| Various statistics maintained by Eurostat and data is gathered from the countries in Europe for several years. Population data includes information for population, health, education and training, labor market, living conditions and welfare, society statistics and for tourism. There are some predefine tables available and in addition user can make own queries. [94]
|
|
population size, sex, age distribution, population density, living conditions, welfare, health, migration, assylum, education, training, labour market. Information society, tourism, census |
|
| Tools (tool) |
Concentration |
Multimedia |
EUSES [95] |
| Show details
|
| EUSES is a risk assessment model, which includes module for exposure assessment. Other modules included are input, emission, distribution, effect, risk characterization and output module. Calculations can be made in personal, local, regional and continental levels. Inhalation, dermal and ingestion routes are considered and also consumer and occupational exposures can be calculated. Requires free registration.
|
|
modeling, exposure assessment, humans, environment, risk characterization, intake, water, food, consumer products, inhalation, ingestion, dermal |
|
| Tools (tool) |
Exposure |
Multipathway |
EUSES [96] |
| Show details
|
| EUSES is a risk assessment model, which includes module for exposure assessment. Other modules included are input, emission, distribution, effect, risk characterization and output module. Calculations can be made in personal, local, regional and continental levels. Inhalation, dermal and ingestion routes are considered and also consumer and occupational exposures can be calculated. Requires free registration.
|
|
modeling, exposure assessment, humans, environment, risk characterization, intake, water, food, consumer products, inhalation, ingestion, dermal |
|
| Databases (db) |
General exposure factors |
Time activity data |
ExpoFacts [97] |
| Show details
|
| Contains data from 30 European countries (level of information and time frame is variable between countries and original data source). Data includes general time use data, time spend in work and school and time spend in traffic and physical activities. [98]
|
|
time activity, time use |
|
| Databases (db) |
General exposure factors |
Ingestion data |
ExpoFacts [99] |
| Show details
|
| Contains data from 30 European countries (level of information and time frame is variable between countries and original data source). Data includes at least general food consumption data for infants and adults, children's hand-to-mouth behavioral data, consumption of water, breast milk consumption and home grown food consumption. [100]
|
|
ingestion, water, food, breast milk, diet |
|
| Databases (db) |
General exposure factors |
Physiological data |
ExpoFacts [101] |
| Show details
|
| Contains data from 30 European countries (level of information and time frame is variable between countries and original data source). Data includes body length and bodyweight for adults and for children, average energy expenditure (Belgium), total energy expenditure and physical activity in children (UK), physical activity (Germany) and respiratory rate in the first 3 years of life (Italy). [102]
|
|
physiological data, body length, bodyweight, energy expedinture, physical activity, respiratory rate |
|
| Databases (db) |
General exposure factors |
Housing data |
ExpoFacts [103] |
| Show details
|
| Contains data from 30 European countries (level of information and time frame is variable between countries and original data source). Data includes at least ventilation rates, air exchange rates, indoor air quality in office buildings, number of dwellings, floor area and number of persons per house. [104]
|
|
housing, dwellings, size, ownership, tenure, air exchange rate, ventilation, climate, air quality, defects |
|
| Databases (db) |
General exposure factors |
Population data |
ExpoFacts [105] |
| Show details
|
| Contains data from 30 European countries (level of information and time frame is variable between countries and original data source). Data includes at least population by 1-year and 5-year age groups, birth and death rates, employment and unemployment information, income and number of households. [106]
|
|
population size, births, deaths, employment, households, incomes, Europe |
|
| Tools (tool) |
Concentration |
Multimedia |
Exposure and Fate Assessment Screening Tool (E-FAST) [107] |
| Show details
|
| Provides screening-level estimates of the concentrations of chemicals released to air, surface water, landfills, and from consumer products. E-FAST Version 2 is being designed to support both our new chemicals and existing chemical programs. Estimates provided are potential inhalation, dermal and ingestion dose rates resulting from these releases. Modeled estimates of concentrations and doses are designed to reasonably overestimate exposures, for use in screening level assessment.
|
|
intake, dermal, inhalation, ingestion, exposure, fate, modeling, dose, air, water, soil |
|
| Tools (tool) |
Exposure |
Multimedia |
Exposure and Fate Assessment Screening Tool (E-FAST) [108] |
| Show details
|
| Provides screening-level estimates of the concentrations of chemicals released to air, surface water, landfills, and from consumer products. E-FAST Version 2 is being designed to support both our new chemicals and existing chemical programs. Estimates provided are potential inhalation, dermal and ingestion dose rates resulting from these releases. Modeled estimates of concentrations and doses are designed to reasonably overestimate exposures, for use in screening level assessment.
|
|
intake, dermal, inhalation, ingestion, consumer products, fish |
|
| Guidance documents (pdf) |
Exposure assessment |
Consumer products |
Exposure and Risk Screening Methods for Consumer Product Ingredients [109] |
| Show details
|
| The main purpose of this document is to present methodologies and specific consumer exposure information that can be used for screening-level risk assessments of environmental and repeated human exposures to HPV chemicals through the manufacturing and use of consumer products, mainly laundry, cleaning, and personal care products. However, the approach can be applied to other consumer products when information on how consumers use the products is available. These methodologies allow hazard information to be put into context by using exposure information to characterize risk. Screening-level risk assessments are useful for prioritizing the
need for further work.
|
|
exposure assessments, consumer products, hazard, risk |
|
| Tools (tool_list) |
Exposure |
General assessment |
Exposure Assessment Tools and Models [110] |
| Show details
|
| EPA' The Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics (OPPT) has developed several exposure assessment methods, databases, and predictive models, which are listed in this web page. These models and tools are intended to be used by scientists and engineers familiar with exposure assessment principles. They may be helpful when appropriate monitoring data are not available or need to be supplemented.
|
|
modeling, tools, exposure |
|
| Databases (pdf) |
General exposure factors |
Time activity data |
Exposure Factors Handbook [111] |
| Show details
|
| This is not actually a database, but there are references and tables from several studies, which can be used for average values. Geographical area for the data is U.S. Time activity data is referred as Activity factors and there are data available at least for time spent in various activities, time spent in traffic, time spent in work and school and time spent in different locations at home. [112]
|
|
time activity, time use |
USA
|
| Databases (pdf) |
General exposure factors |
Ingestion data |
Exposure Factors Handbook [113] |
| Show details
|
| This is not actually a database, but there are references and tables from several studies, which can be used for average values. Geographical area for the data is U.S. Ingestion data is divided to the following groups: Drinking water intake, soil ingestion, intake of fruits and vegetables, intake of fish and shellfish, intake of meat and dairy products, intake of grain products, intake rates of various home produced food items and breast milk intake.
|
|
ingestion, fish, water, soil, food, diet |
USA
|
| Databases (pdf) |
General exposure factors |
Physiological data |
Exposure Factors Handbook [114] |
| Show details
|
| This is not actually a database, but there are references and tables from several studies, which can be used for average values. Geographical area for the data is U.S. Physiological data included are: Body surface area, body weight and inhalation rate.
|
|
physiological data, bodyweight, body surface area, inhalation rate |
USA
|
| Databases (pdf) |
General exposure factors |
Housing data |
Exposure Factors Handbook [115] |
| Show details
|
| This is not actually a database, but there are references and tables from several studies, which can be used for average values. Geographical area for the data is U.S. Housing data included are: Volumes, surface areas, mechanical systems and types of foundations.
|
|
housing |
USA
|
| Databases (pdf) |
General exposure factors |
Population data |
Exposure Factors Handbook [116] |
| Show details
|
| This is not actually a database, but there are references and tables from several studies, which can be used for average values. Geographical area for the data is U.S. General population data included is lifetime.
|
|
expectation of life, life expectancy, sex, age, race |
USA
|
| Tools (tool) |
Exposure |
Ingestion |
Exposure Tools [117] |
| Show details
|
| This page lists tools, databases and tables for exposure assessment related to food.
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intake, ingestion, food, exposure |
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| Databases (db) |
General exposure factors |
Ingestion data |
FAOSTAT [118] |
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| Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations maintains FAOSTAT database that provides access to over 3 million time-series and cross sectional data relating to food and agriculture. FAOSTAT contains data for 200 countries and more than 200 primary products and inputs. Data starts from year 1990, but is freely accessible only to year 2003. Food consumption data is presented as the amount of food quantities divided for several commodities.
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ingestion, food, diet |
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| Databases (db) |
General exposure factors |
Consumption data for pesticides |
FAOSTAT [119] |
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| FAOSTAT consists of an integrated core database and satellite databases feeding and supporting it. The current core of FAOSTAT contains a full matrix of integrated and compatible statistics coverage of 200 countries, 16 years, and more than 200 primary products and input items related to production, trade, resources, consumption and prices. Data collected from 1961-2004 and is not updated, and has been provided for reference purposes. Pesticide consumption database in FAOSTAT includes quantities of pesticides used in (or sold to) the agricultural sector. Figures are generally expressed in terms of active ingredients.
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pesticide consumption |
Global
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| Databases (db) |
General exposure factors |
Land use data |
FAOSTAT [120] |
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| FAOSTAT consists of an integrated core database and satellite databases feeding and supporting it. The current core of FAOSTAT contains a full matrix of integrated and compatible statistics coverage of 200 countries, 16 years, and more than 200 primary products and input items related to production, trade, resources, consumption and prices. Data collected from 1961-2004. The data on the site is not updated, and has been provided for reference purposes. Land-use is divided to 10 classess of use. [121]
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Land use, agricultural, forest, woodland, arable |
Global
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| Tools (tool) |
Emission models |
Radiation |
FastRT - Fast and easy UV simulation tool [122] |
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| Simulations of ultraviolet irradiances, doses and indices at the Earth's surface at user specified UV wavelengths. This program computes downward surface irradiances in the spectral range 290-400nm as a function of important radiative parameters such as solar zenith angle, ozone content, cloud and aerosol optical thicknesses, surface reflectance and cloud constellations.
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uv |
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| Databases (db) |
General exposure factors |
Time activity data |
Finnish time use survey [123] |
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| The Time Use Survey has been carried out three times. The first survey was made in autumn 1979 and the next one in 1987/1988. The latest survey, 1999/2000, is part of the European Time Use Survey harmonized (HETUS) under the direction of Eurostat, the Statistical Office of the European Communities. The first two surveys were based on individual samples. In the newest survey the data were collected from all over 10-year-old members of the household. Household samples also allow study of intra-household time use. The material contains more than 10,000 survey days. The primary and secondary activities as recorded by the respondents themselves were coded according to a 185-category activity classification. The diary data also cover the time spent together and the location of activity. Background variables for time use data included e.g. sex, age, stage of life, socio-economic group, province, season and day of the week.
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time activity, time use |
Finland
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| Tools (tool) |
Concentration |
Food (including breast milk) |
Food chain models [124] |
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| Contaminated aquatic and terrestrial environments typically result in the bioaccumulation of chemicals within all trophic levels of an ecosystem. Software models provide tools for tracking the movement of contaminants through food chains and for estimating chemical impacts on exposed biota.
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modeling, water, soil, transfer, fate |
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| Databases (db_list) |
General exposure factors |
Ingestion data |
Food Consumption and Other Exposure Data [125] |
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| Includes extensive selection of links to several sources of information regarding food consumption and exposure assessment. Includes references to databases, tables, reports, documents etc.
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ingestion, food, diet |
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| Databases (db) |
Media concentrations |
Food (including breast milk) |
GEMS FOOD Chemical Contaminants in Food [126] |
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| Established in 1976, GEMS/Food operates through a network of WHO Collaborating Centers and other participating institutions located in over 70 countries around the world. The purpose of GEMS/Food is to collect health-oriented population-based monitoring data on levels and trends of contaminants in food and their significance for health and trade, including a number of pesticide residues.
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pcbs, pesticides, pahs, dioxins, food, contaminants, metals |
Global: 70 countries
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| Databases (db) |
Media concentrations |
Water (river, lake, drinking water) |
GEMSTAT [127] |
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| The GEMStat database provides access to data on groundwater and surface water quality collected by the GEMS/Water Global Network. This Global Network comprises 1400 monitoring stations in 80 countries and incorporates 2 000 000 separate records of over 100 parameters. Monitoring results are collated and submitted to GEMS/Water by National Focus Points (NFPs), themselves appointed and financed by member countries. Includes information on nutrients, ions, metals, microbiology and organic contaminants. LEvel of available data is differnet between countries. [128]
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pahs, metals, phenols, water, monitoring, nutrients, ions, microbiology, organic comtaminants, groundwater, surface water |
Global with 80 countires. Europe: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Luxembourg, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russian Federation, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom
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| Databases (html) |
Media concentrations |
Biomonitoring data |
German Environmental Survey (GerES) [129] |
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| The German Environmental Survey (GerES) is a representative population study to determine the exposure of Germany's general population to environmental contaminants. The first GerES (GerES I) was conducted in 1985/86, the second was conducted in 1990/91 and in 1991/92 extended to the former GDR (GerES II), GerES III was performed in 1998 and GerES IV for children started in May 2003 and fieldwork was completed in May 2006. Includes concentrations of metals, organochlorine compounds PCBs in blood, urine and scalp for adults and children. Results are provided as summarizing tables.
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PCBs, metals, blood, urine, scalp |
German
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| Databases (db) |
Occupational exposure |
Occupational exposure limits |
GESTIS International limit values [130] |
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| This database contains a collection of occupational limit values for hazardous substances gathered from various EU member states, Canada (Québec), Japan, Switzerland, and the United States as of 2010. Limit values of more than 1,000 substances are listed. Provides search based on CAS or chemical name.
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Global
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| Databases (pdf) |
Emissions |
Air |
Global estimates of gaseous emissions of NO3, NO and N2O from agricultural land [131] |
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| This report provides a comprehensive review of the literature about emissions of NH3, N2O and NO, and examines the regulating factors, measurement techniques and models. It draws these data together and generates global emission estimates that can serve as a basis for further addressing the issues of fertilizer use efficiency and environmental impact.
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emissions, air, NH3, ammonium, NO, nitrogen oxide, N2O, nitrous oxide |
Global
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| Databases (db) |
General exposure factors |
Land use data |
Global land cover 2000 - Europe (GLC2000) [132] |
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| Global land cover 2000 - Europe (GLC2000), a pan-European classification, does not represent a perfect reproduction of Corine land cover in areas where CLC2000 and GLC2000 overlap. It does, however, represent a consistent and improved classification for the whole of the European continent, with respect to the data derived from the VEGETATION instrument. Includes land cover divided to 23 classess with 1km grid. Information available for year 2000 in EU25 countires. [133]
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Land cover, corine, ecosystem, built environment, urban development, water |
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| Guidance documents (pdf) |
Exposure assessment |
General exposure assessment |
Glossary of Exposure Assessment-Related Terms: A Compilation [134] |
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| This is an unedited selection of exposure assessment related terms taken from a combination of 57 glossaries for exposure and related fields (references below). It has been prepared for the IPCS Exposure Terminology Subcommittee as a research paper for discussion purposes.
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exposure assessment, glossary, |
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| Databases (db) |
General exposure factors |
Population data |
Gridded Population of the World (GPW) [135] |
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| Gridded Population of the World (GPWv3) is the third edition of a large-scale data product that demonstrates the spatial distribution of human populations across the globe. The purpose of the GPWv3 project is to provide a spatially disaggregated population layer that is compatible with datasets from social, economic, and earth science fields. The output is unique in that the distribution of human population is converted from national or subnational spatial units (usually administrative units) of varying resolutions, to a series of geo-referenced quadrilateral grids at a resolution of 2.5 arc minutes. Included information for 232 countries with varying spatial resolutions. There are also estimated for year 2010 and 2015 available.
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population size, population density |
Global
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| Tools (tool) |
Concentration |
Water |
Ground water models [136] |
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| Groundwater models quantify the movement of subsurface water and provide inputs to subsurface contaminant transport models. Simulation provides insight into groundwater and contaminant behavior and quantitative assessments for environmental decision making.
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ground water, modeling, assessment, pesticides, nitrogen, fate, volatilization, hydrology |
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| Guidance documents (pdf) |
Exposure assessment |
Dermal exposure |
Guidance Document on Dermal Absorption [137] |
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| In the present document a brief overview of dermal absorption is given, including information on factors that may influence dermal absorption. This document provides a stepwise approach for derivation of default values for dermal absorption, as well as guidance on how to conduct relevant dermal absorption studies and how to use the data from these studies. In addition, a tiered approach for occupational risk assessment is presented in which dermal absorption and exposure assessment are integrated.
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dermal absoption, risks, exposure assessments |
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| Guidance documents (pdf) |
Exposure assessment |
General exposure assessment |
Guidance for assessment of chemical risks for children [138] |
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| The RIVM report aims at providing guidance on performing assessments of risks for children. The report discusses child-specific toxicokinetics, toxicodynamics and exposure, and also addresses the adequacy of, and the data gaps in, the present methods of risk assessment. The intention of such research is to make risk assessors aware of the different aspects that should be taken into consideration when performing assessments of chemicals posing risks for children.
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exposure assessments, risk assessments, human health, children, chemicals |
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| Guidance documents (pdf) |
Exposure assessment |
General exposure assessment |
Guidelines for Good Exposure Assessment Practice for Human Health Effects of Chemicals [139] |
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| The aim of this document is to provide guidance that will assist those having to undertake or evaluate exposure assessments. These guidelines will enable those individuals inexperienced in exposure assessment to familiarize themselves with the underlying principles and to gain an insight into the information required to conduct an exposure assessment. They are also aimed at risk assessors and risk managers who need to understand the process involved in obtaining the output from an exposure assessment to assist them in making more confident and informed decisions when characterizing and evaluating risks to human health from exposure to chemicals.
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exposure assessments, risk assessments, human health |
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| Tools (tool) |
Chemical properties |
Chemical properties |
Half Life and Rate Constant Conversions [140] |
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| EPA's on-line calculator for converting half lives and rate constants
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half life |
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| Tools (tool) |
Exposure |
Inhalation |
Hazardous Air Pollutant Exposure Model (HAPEM) [141] |
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| The HAPEM model has been designed to estimate inhalation exposure for selected population groups to various air toxics. Through a series of calculation routines, the model makes use of ambient air concentration data, indoor/outdoor microenvironment concentration relationship data, population data, and human activity pattern data to estimate an expected range of inhalation exposure concentrations for groups of individuals.
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intake, inhalation, air, modeling, human health, time use, exposure |
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| Databases (db) |
Chemical properties |
Fate properties |
Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) [142] |
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| HSDB is a toxicology data file on the National Library of Medicine's (NLM) Toxicology Data Network (TOXNET®). It focuses on the toxicology of potentially hazardous chemicals and also includes information on environmental fate. It is enhanced with information on human exposure, industrial hygiene, emergency handling procedures, environmental fate, regulatory requirements, and related areas. All data are referenced and derived from a core set of books, government documents, technical reports and selected primary journal literature. HSDB is peer-reviewed by the Scientific Review Panel (SRP), a committee of experts in the major subject areas within the data bank's scope. HSDB is organized into individual chemical records, and contains over 5000 such records. [143]
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toxicology, human exposure, environmental fate, potentially hazardous chemicals |
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| Databases (db) |
Chemical properties |
Toxicological properties |
Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) [144] |
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| HSDB is a toxicology data file on the National Library of Medicine's (NLM) Toxicology Data Network (TOXNET®). It focuses on the toxicology of potentially hazardous chemicals. It is enhanced with information on human exposure, industrial hygiene, emergency handling procedures, environmental fate, regulatory requirements, and related areas. All data are referenced and derived from a core set of books, government documents, technical reports and selected primary journal literature. HSDB is peer-reviewed by the Scientific Review Panel (SRP), a committee of experts in the major subject areas within the data bank's scope. HSDB is organized into individual chemical records, and contains over 5000 such records. [145]
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toxicology, human exposure, environmental fate, potentially hazardous chemicals |
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| Databases (db) |
Media concentrations |
Indoor air |
HEDS [146] |
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| NHEXAS Phase I consists of three demonstration/scoping studies using probability-based sampling designs. Volunteer participants were randomly selected from several areas of the U.S. These studies included personal exposure, residential concentration, and biomarker measurements. The Arizona study was conducted in Arizona, and measured metals, pesticides, and VOCs. The Maryland study was conducted in Maryland, and measured metals, pesticides, and PAHs. The Region 5 study was conducted in EPA's Region 5 (Ohio, Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin, and Minnesota), and measured metals and VOCs. Researchers worked with the participants to measure the level of chemicals in the air they breathed; in foods and beverages they consumed, including drinking water; in the soil and dust around their homes; and in their blood and urine. Participants completed questionnaires to help identify possible sources of chemical exposure. Sample collection occurred between 1995 and 1997.
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NHEXAS, Indoor air, personal air, outdoor air, VOCs, volatile, organic compounds, benzene, 1,3-butadiene, formaldehyde, toluene, trichloroethene, metals, lead, cadmium, chromium, arsenic, particles, PM10, total inspirable air, PAHs, anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, chrysene, phenanthrene, pesticides, a-chlordane, g-chlordane, chlorpyrifos, 4,4'-DDD, 4,4'-DDE, 4,4'-DDT, dieldrin, heptachlor, malathion |
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| Databases (db) |
Media concentrations |
Outdoor air |
HEDS [147] |
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| NHEXAS Phase I consists of three demonstration/scoping studies using probability-based sampling designs. Volunteer participants were randomly selected from several areas of the U.S. These studies included personal exposure, residential concentration, and biomarker measurements. The Arizona study was conducted in Arizona, and measured metals, pesticides, and VOCs. The Maryland study was conducted in Maryland, and measured metals, pesticides, and PAHs. The Region 5 study was conducted in EPA's Region 5 (Ohio, Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin, and Minnesota), and measured metals and VOCs. Researchers worked with the participants to measure the level of chemicals in the air they breathed; in foods and beverages they consumed, including drinking water; in the soil and dust around their homes; and in their blood and urine. Participants completed questionnaires to help identify possible sources of chemical exposure. Sample collection occurred between 1995 and 1997.
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NHEXAS, Indoor air, personal air, outdoor air, VOCs, volatile, organic compounds, benzene, 1,3-butadiene, formaldehyde, toluene, trichloroethene, metals, lead, cadmium, chromium, arsenic, particles, PM10, total inspirable air, PAHs, anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, chrysene, phenanthrene, pesticides, a-chlordane, g-chlordane, chlorpyrifos, 4,4'-DDD, 4,4'-DDE, 4,4'-DDT, dieldrin, heptachlor, malathion |
USA: Arizona, Maryland, Ohio, Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin, and Minnesota
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| Databases (db) |
Media concentrations |
Water (river, lake, drinking water) |
HEDS [148] |
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| NHEXAS Phase I consists of three demonstration/scoping studies using probability-based sampling designs. Volunteer participants were randomly selected from several areas of the U.S. These studies included personal exposure, residential concentration, and biomarker measurements. The Arizona study was conducted in Arizona, and measured metals, pesticides, and VOCs. The Maryland study was conducted in Maryland, and measured metals, pesticides, and PAHs. The Region 5 study was conducted in EPA's Region 5 (Ohio, Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin, and Minnesota), and measured metals and VOCs. Researchers worked with the participants to measure the level of chemicals in the air they breathed; in foods and beverages they consumed, including drinking water; in the soil and dust around their homes; and in their blood and urine. Participants completed questionnaires to help identify possible sources of chemical exposure. Sample collection occurred between 1995 and 1997.
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NHEXAS, water, drinking water, tap water, bottled water, bathing, showering, metals, lead, arsenic, cadmium, nickel, chromium, barium, manganese, selenium, vanadium, copper, zinc, VOCs, volatile organic compounds, benzene, 1,3-butadiene, formaldehyde, toluene, trichloroethene pesticides, a-chlordane, g-chlordane, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, 4,4'-DDD, 4,4'-DDE, 4,4'-DDT, diazinon, dieldrin, heptachlor, malathion |
USA: Arizona, Maryland, Ohio, Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin, and Minnesota
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| Databases (db) |
Media concentrations |
Soil and sediment |
HEDS [149] |
| Show details
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| NHEXAS Phase I consists of three demonstration/scoping studies using probability-based sampling designs. Volunteer participants were randomly selected from several areas of the U.S. These studies included personal exposure, residential concentration, and biomarker measurements. The Arizona study was conducted in Arizona, and measured metals, pesticides, and VOCs. The Maryland study was conducted in Maryland, and measured metals, pesticides, and PAHs. The Region 5 study was conducted in EPA's Region 5 (Ohio, Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin, and Minnesota), and measured metals and VOCs. Researchers worked with the participants to measure the level of chemicals in the air they breathed; in foods and beverages they consumed, including drinking water; in the soil and dust around their homes; and in their blood and urine. Participants completed questionnaires to help identify possible sources of chemical exposure. Sample collection occurred between 1995 and 1997.
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NHEXAS, soil, dust, metals, lead, arsenic, cadmium, nickel, chromium, barium, manganese, selenium, vanadium, copper, zinc, PAHs, anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, chrysene, phenanthrene, pesticides, a-chlordane, g-chlordane, chlorpyrifos, 4,4'-DDD, 4,4'-DDE, 4,4'-DDT, diazinon, dieldrin, heptachlor, malathion |
USA: Arizona, Maryland, Ohio, Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin, and Minnesota
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| Databases (db) |
Media concentrations |
Food (including breast milk) |
HEDS [150] |
| Show details
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| NHEXAS Phase I consists of three demonstration/scoping studies using probability-based sampling designs. Volunteer participants were randomly selected from several areas of the U.S. These studies included personal exposure, residential concentration, and biomarker measurements. The Arizona study was conducted in Arizona, and measured metals, pesticides, and VOCs. The Maryland study was conducted in Maryland, and measured metals, pesticides, and PAHs. The Region 5 study was conducted in EPA's Region 5 (Ohio, Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin, and Minnesota), and measured metals and VOCs. Researchers worked with the participants to measure the level of chemicals in the air they breathed; in foods and beverages they consumed, including drinking water; in the soil and dust around their homes; and in their blood and urine. Participants completed questionnaires to help identify possible sources of chemical exposure. Sample collection occurred between 1995 and 1997.
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NHEXAS, food, metals, lead, arsenic, cadmium, nickel, chromium, barium, manganese, selenium, vanadium, copper, zinc, pesticides, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, malathion |
USA
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| Databases (db) |
Media concentrations |
Biomonitoring data |
HEDS [151] |
| Show details
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| NHEXAS Phase I consists of three demonstration/scoping studies using probability-based sampling designs. Volunteer participants were randomly selected from several areas of the U.S. These studies included personal exposure, residential concentration, and biomarker measurements. The Arizona study was conducted in Arizona, and measured metals, pesticides, and VOCs. The Maryland study was conducted in Maryland, and measured metals, pesticides, and PAHs. The Region 5 study was conducted in EPA's Region 5 (Ohio, Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin, and Minnesota), and measured metals and VOCs. Researchers worked with the participants to measure the level of chemicals in the air they breathed; in foods and beverages they consumed, including drinking water; in the soil and dust around their homes; and in their blood and urine. Participants completed questionnaires to help identify possible sources of chemical exposure. Sample collection occurred between 1995 and 1997.
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NHEXAS, metals in dermal wipes, PAHs in dermal wipes, metals in urine, lead, arsenic, cadmium, nickel, chromium, barium, manganese, selenium, vanadium, copper, zinc, pesticide metabolites in urin, 1-naphthol, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol, malathion dicarboxylic acid, atrazine mercapturate, metals in blood, pesticides in blood, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, malathionlipids, VOCs in blood, benzene, 1,3-butadiene, formaldehyde, toluene, and trichloroethene, biomarker |
USA
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| Databases (db) |
General exposure factors |
Time activity data |
HETUS [152] |
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| Harmonized European time use surveys (HETUS) includes time activity data as pre prepared tables for mean time spent on Main and Secondary activities and Participation rates for Main activities during an average day, by Sex and Country and addition to that, user can create tables for his own interest. There are also links to the time-use statistics of countries included. [153]
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time activity, time use, HETUS, Harmonized European Time Use Surveys |
Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Norway, Sweden, Spain and UK
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| Databases (db) |
Media concentrations |
Consumer products |
Household Products Database [154] |
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This database links over 7,000 consumer brands to health effects from Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) provided by manufacturers and allows scientists and consumers to research products based on chemical ingredients. The database is designed to help answer the following typical questions:
- What are the chemical ingredients and their percentage in specific brands?
- Which products contain specific chemical ingredients?
- Who manufactures a specific brand? How do I contact this manufacturer?
- What are the acute and chronic effects of chemical ingredients in a specific brand?
- What other information is available about chemicals in the toxicology-related databases of the National Library of Medicine?
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Household products, health effects, Matierial Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), handling, igredients, brand names, auto, cleaning, laundry, pesticides, landscape, yard, personal care, home maintenance, pet care, arts and crafts, home office. |
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| Guidance documents (pdf) |
Exposure assessment |
Consumer products |
Human & Environmental Risk Assessment on Ingredients of Household Cleaning Products (HERA) [156] |
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| HERA (Human & Environmental Risk Assessment) is a joint A.I.S.E.1 and CEFIC2 project initiated in September 1999. It concerns the assessment of the risks to human health and the environment from ingredients of household cleaning products during the two scenarios ‘Use in the Household’ and ‘Disposal to the Environment’. Includes guidance for exposure assessment also.
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exposure assessments, household cleaning products, human health, environment |
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| Databases (html) |
Chemical properties |
Fate properties |
INCHEM [157] |
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| Rapid access to internationally peer reviewed information on chemicals commonly used throughout the world, which may also occur as contaminants in the environment and food. It consolidates information from a number of intergovernmental organizations whose goal it is to assist in the sound management of chemicals. Provides various information, such as toxicological and fate information for chemicals, information about exposure with measured exposure concentrations (occupational and consumer exposure included) produced mainly by IPCS (The International Programme on Chemical Safety).
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degradation, partition coefficients, half life, absorption, bioaccumulation, water, air, soil |
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| Databases (html) |
Chemical properties |
Toxicological properties |
INCHEM [158] |
| Show details
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| Rapid access to internationally peer reviewed information on chemicals commonly used throughout the world, which may also occur as contaminants in the environment and food. It consolidates information from a number of intergovernmental organizations whose goal it is to assist in the sound management of chemicals. Provides various information, such as toxicological and fate information for chemicals, information about exposure with measured exposure concentrations (occupational and consumer exposure included) produced mainly by IPCS (The International Programme on Chemical Safety).
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degradation, partition coefficients, half life, absorption, bioaccumulation, water, air, soil |
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| Databases (db) |
Media concentrations |
Indoor air |
Indoor Air Pollution and Exposure Database [159] |
| Show details
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| Measured household indoor air pollution levels in about 250 communities in developing countries extracted from 71 studies published between 1968 and 2002. This working database is structured so that the independent interviewer can extract and analyze findings within and across studies. Database is in Access format, and must be downloaded to your own computer. [160]
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Indoor air, personal, PM, particles, particulate matter, CO, carbon monoxide, PAHs, B(a)P, benzo(a)pyrene, SO2, sulfur dioxide, VOCs, formaldehyde, fuel, housing |
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| Databases (db) |
Media concentrations |
Indoor air |
Indoor Air Pollution Database in China [161] |
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| The database contains data abstracted from more than 110 published papers with measurements of air quality in Chinese households, mostly from the Chinese literature previous to 1995. It is organized by pollutant (Particulates, Sulfur Dioxide, Carbon Monoxide, Nitrogen Oxides, Benzo[a]pyrene); fuel type (Coal & Mixed, Gas, Biomass); and location (Urban, Rural). Data can be retrieved as excel files, or as pdf publication.
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Particles, PM10, TSP, total suspended particles, PAHs, B(a)P, Benzo-a-pyrene, coal, biomass, gas, CO, carbon monoxide, SO2, sulfur dioxide, indoor air quality monitoring, rural, urban |
China
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| Databases (db) |
Occupational exposure |
Occupational exposure limits |
International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSC) [162] |
| Show details
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| The IPCS is a joint activity of three cooperating International Organizations: namely the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the International Labour Office (ILO) and the World Health Organization (WHO). The main objective of the IPCS is to carry out and disseminate evaluations of the hazards posed by chemicals to human health and the environment. An ICSC summarizes essential health and safety information on chemicals for their use at the "shop floor" level by workers and employers in factories, agriculture, construction and other work places. Includes occupational exposure limit values. [163]
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United Kingdom
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| Databases (db) |
Chemical properties |
Toxicological properties |
International Toxicity Estimates for Risk (ITER) [164] |
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| ITER is a free Internet database of human health risk values and cancer classifications for over 600 chemicals of environmental concern from multiple organizations worldwide. ITER is the only database that presents risk data in a tabular format for easy comparison, along with a synopsis explaining differences in data. Available through TOXNET. [165]
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human health, risks, carcinogenity |
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| Tools (tool) |
Concentration |
Multimedia |
Internet Geographical Exposure Modeling System (IGEMS) [166] |
| Show details
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| The new IGEMS is a modernization of OPPT's older Graphical Exposure Modeling System and PCGEMS tools. IGEMS brings together in one system several EPA environmental fate and transport models and some of the environmental data needed to run them. IGEMS includes models and data for ambient air, surface water, soil, and ground water, and makes the models much easier to use than their stand-alone counterparts. IGEMS will have graphics and Geographical Information System (GIS) capabilities for displaying environmental modeling results. The tool is in beta testing phase, and it demands free registration.
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environmental fate and transport, exposure, modeling, air, water, soil |
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| Guidance documents (pdf) |
Exposure assessment |
General exposure assessment |
IPCS Risk Assessment Terminology [167] |
| Show details
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| Harmonization Project Document No. 1 includes Part 1: IPCS/OECD Key Generic Terms Used in Chemical Hazard/Risk Assessment and Part 2: IPCS Glossary of Key Exposure Assessment Terminology. Document describes harmonized generic and technical terms used in chemical hazard/risk assessment, which will help facilitate the mutual use and acceptance of the assessment of chemicals between countries.
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chemicals, hazards, risks, exposure assessments, terminology, terms |
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| Databases (db) |
Chemical properties |
Toxicological properties |
IRIS [168] |
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| IRIS is a database of human health effects that may result from exposure to various substances found in the environment. The heart of the IRIS system is its collection of computer files covering individual chemicals. These chemical files contain descriptive and quantitative information in the following categories: a) Oral reference doses and inhalation reference concentrations (RfDs and RfCs, respectively) for chronic noncarcinogenic health effects, b) Hazard identification, oral slope factors, and oral and inhalation unit risks for carcinogenic effects. Database includes over 500 chemicals. [169]
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human health effects, exposure, toxicology, carcinogenity, hazards |
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| Databases (db) |
Chemical properties |
Fate properties |
IUCLID [170] |
| Show details
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| This IUCLID Chemical Data Sheets Information System provides you with an extract of data from the IUCLID (International Uniform ChemicaL Information Database) on High Production Volume Chemicals reported by European Industry in the frame of the European existing chemicals risk assessment programme. Database includes information for environmental fate and pathways for over 2600 chemicals.
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pahs, pcbs, vocs, pesticides, dioxins |
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| Databases (db) |
Chemical properties |
Toxicological properties |
IUCLID [171] |
| Show details
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| This IUCLID Chemical Data Sheets Information System provides you with an extract of data from the IUCLID (International Uniform ChemicaL Information Database) on High Production Volume Chemicals reported by European Industry in the frame of the European existing chemicals risk assessment programme. The databases includes toxicity information for over 2600 chemicals.
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risk phrases, safety phrases, producer information |
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| Databases (html) |
Chemical properties |
Toxicological properties |
JMPR (Joint Meeting on Pesticide Residues) - Monographs & Evaluations [172] |
| Show details
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| Toxicological evaluations of pesticides, produced by the WHO/FAO Joint Meeting on Pesticide Residues JMPR , are used by the Codex Alimentarius Commission and national governments to set international food standards and safe levels for protection of the consumer. The monographs provide the toxicological information upon which the JMPR makes its evaluations. These monographs are prepared by scientific experts and peer reviewed at the JMPR meetings. Includes several evaluations and monographs made in different years for the same chemicals.
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pesticide recidues, toxicity, toxicology |
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| Tools (tool) |
Chemical properties |
Chemical properties |
Mass Distribution in Multiphase Systems [173] |
| Show details
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| The distribution of mass in a multiphase system depends on partitioning between the phases. The partition coefficients depend on properties of the chemical and the amounts of water, NAPL, air and organic carbon in the pore space. This EPA's on-line calculatior calculates the partitioning between between water, air, fuel and solids in the subsurface.
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partition coefficients, mass distributions, water, air, fuel, solids |
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| Databases (pdf) |
Emissions |
Emission factors |
Material Emission Database for 90 Target VOCS [174] |
| Show details
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| Emission factors for 90 VOCs for 69 building material.
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emission factors, emissions, construction materials, air, VOCs, volatile organic compounds |
Canada
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| Tools (tool) |
Emission models |
Vehicles |
MOBILE6 Vehicle Emission Modeling Software [175] |
| Show details
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| MOBILE6 Vehicle Emission Modeling Software and related presentations and training resources. MOBILE6 is an emission factor model for predicting gram per mile emissions of Hydrocarbons (HC), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Particulate Matter (PM), and toxics from cars, trucks, and motorcycles under various conditions.
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emissions, air, road traffic, vehicles |
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| Databases (db) |
General exposure factors |
Time activity data |
MTUS [176] |
| Show details
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| Multinational Time Use Study (MTUS) was first developed in the early 1980s at the University of Bath, when Professor Jonathan Gershuny, then working with Sally Jones, observed the potential to harmonise time use datasets collected in the early 1960s through the mid 1980s into a single dataset with common series of background variables and total time spent per day in 41 activities for analysis with the 1965 Szalai Multinational Time Budget Study. The MTUS has grown to encompass over 50 datasets from 19 countries, and is now incorporating recent data from the HETUS, ATUS, and other national level time use projects. Data included is available from EU and U.S. Data is provided in SPSS form and there is free registration demanded. Some of the data is restricted and use of it may be prohibited.
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time activity, time use, MTUS, Multinational Time Budget Study |
USA, Europe
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| Tools (tool) |
Concentration |
Indoor air |
Multi- Chamber Concentration and Exposure Model (MCCEM) [177] |
| Show details
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| With MCCEM you can estimate average and peak indoor air concentrations of chemicals released from products or materials in houses, apartments, townhouses, or other residences. The data libraries contained in MCCEM are limited to residential settings. However, the model can be used to assess other indoor environments (e.g. schools, offices) if the user can supply the necessary inputs. You can also estimate inhalation exposures to these chemicals, calculated as single day doses, chronic average daily doses, or lifetime average daily doses. (All dose estimates are potential doses; they do not account for actual absorption into the body.)
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intake, inhalation, indoor air, modeling, residents, homes, doses |
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| Tools (tool) |
Concentration |
Multimedia |
Multimedia models [178] |
| Show details
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| Contaminants may travel through the atmosphere, soil, surface water, and the organisms that inhabit these media. The multimedia approach to exposure modeling quantifies the impacts of contaminants as they travel through more than one of these environments.
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soil, water, air, atmosphere, modeling, fate, transfer |
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| Databases (db) |
Emissions |
Air |
National emission statistics [179] |
| Show details
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| Emission inventory in UK level for various pollutants (POPs, non-metals and metals) and for various years. Also categorized by a source.
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emissions, air, non metals, metals, POPs, sources, greenhouse gases |
United Kingdom
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| Databases (db) |
Media concentrations |
Food (including breast milk) |
National Food Residue Database (NFRD) [180] |
| Show details
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| The National Food Residue Database (NFRD) contains data on chemical residues and contaminants in foods in Ireland. The data is taken from annual residue monitoring programmes and from individual residues studies and surveys. The scope of the data includes: veterinary drugs, prohibited substances, pesticides, heavy metals, dioxins and PCBs, mycotoxins, nitrates and PAHs.
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NFRD, National food residue database, veterinary drugs, prohibited substances, pesticides, heavy metals, dioxins and PCBs, mycotoxins, nitrates and PAHs |
Ireland
|
| Tools (tool) |
Emission models |
Vehicles |
NONROAD [181] |
| Show details
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| NONROAD Model (nonroad engines, equipment, and vehicles) is an emission model for nonroad vehicles and equipment using fuel. [182]
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emissions, air, traffic, equipment |
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| Databases (pdf) |
Occupational exposure |
Occupational exposure limits |
Occupational Exposure Limit Values (OELVs) [183] |
| Show details
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| The legal basis for the preparation of occupational exposure limits and biological limits in the European Union is contained in Directive 98/24/EC on chemical agents and Directive 2004/37/EC on carcinogens and mutagens. Indicative Occupational Exposure Limit Values (IOELVs) are adopted through Commission Directives while Binding Occupational Exposure Limit Values (BOELVs) are adopted through Council and European Parliament Directives and are listed in this pdf document.
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| Databases (html) |
Chemical properties |
Toxicological properties |
PAN Pesticides Database [184] |
| Show details
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| The PAN Pesticide Database brings together a diverse array of information on pesticides from many different sources, providing human toxicity (chronic and acute), ecotoxicity and regulatory information for about 6,400 pesticide active ingredients and their transformation products, as well as adjuvants and solvents used in pesticide products. [185]
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human health, environmental effects, pesticides, toxicity, carcinogenity |
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| Databases (db) |
General exposure factors |
Land use data |
PELCOM [186] |
| Show details
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| Pan-European Land Use and Land Cover Monitoring, PELCOM is a 1-km pan-European land cover database. The database is based on the integrative use of multi-spectral and multi-temporal 1-km resolution NOAA-AVHRR satellite data and ancillary data. Land cover is divided to 14 classess, and data is available for years 1996-1997 in EU25 countries. [187]
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Land cover, corine, ecosystem, built environment, urban areas, water |
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| Databases (html) |
Chemical properties |
Toxicological properties |
Pesticide Data Sheets (PDSs) [188] |
| Show details
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| Pesticide data sheets (PDS) contain basic information for safe use of pesticides. PDSs are prepared by WHO in collaboration with FAO and give basic toxicological information on individual pesticides. Priority for issue of PDSs is given to substances having a wide use in public health programmes and/or in agriculture, or having a high or an unusual toxicity record. The data sheets are prepared by scientific experts and peer reviewed. The comments of industry are provided through the industrial association, GIFAP. The data sheets are revised from time to time as required. [189]
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pesticides, hazards, toxicology, toxicity, human health |
|
| Databases (db) |
Chemical properties |
Fate properties |
Pesticide Fate Database [190] |
| Show details
|
| EPA's Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) collects and reviews a wide range of scientific studies, including chemical fate and transport studies. This information is gathered to Pesticide Fate Database including following information for 188 pesticide active ingredients: physical and chemical properties, chemical fate, transport of pesticide active ingredients registered in the United States, degradates or breakdown products of these registered pesticides and endpoint information such as half lives and soil-water partitioning coefficients. Additional pesticide active ingredients and degradates will be added to the fate database in the near future. [191]
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half life, partition coefficients, soil, water, bioaccumulation, absorption |
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| Databases (html) |
Chemical properties |
Toxicological properties |
Pesticide Information Profiles (PIPs) [192] |
| Show details
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| Pesticide Information Profiles (PIPs) are documents which provide specific pesticide information relating to health and environmental effects. Pips are not based on an exhaustive literature search. Provides information and values for toxicological effects.
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pesticides, toxicology, toxicity, human health, environmental effects, environmental fate |
|
| Databases (html) |
Media concentrations |
Food (including breast milk) |
Pesticide residues [193] |
| Show details
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| Includes links to databases, reports, tables, documents etc. related to risk and exposure assessment of pesticide residues. Also links to sources of information for pesticed residues in food.
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Food, pesticides |
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| Databases (db) |
General exposure factors |
Consumption data for pesticides |
Pesticide Usage Statistics (PUS) for UK [194] |
| Show details
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| This search presents data for 1990 onwards from the programme of pesticide usage surveys commissioned by the independent Advisory Committee on Pesticides in United Kingdom.
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pesticide consumption |
United Kingdom
|
| Guidance documents (pdf) |
Exposure assessment |
General exposure assessment |
Principles of Characterizing and Applying Human Exposure Models [195] |
| Show details
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| Harmonization Project Document No. 3 provides descriptions and applications of some published exposure models to illustrate both the principles and practices of exposure modeling, but it does not attempt to provide a comprehensive list of existing exposure models. Rather, the focus of this report is on discussing general properties of exposure models and how they should be described. The characteristics of different modeling frameworks are examined, and 10 principles are
recommended for characterizing, evaluating and using exposure models in order to help model users select and apply the most appropriate models. The report also discusses issues such as validation, input data needs, time resolution and extrapolation of the model results to
different populations and scenarios.
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exposure models, modeling |
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| Guidance documents (pdf) |
Exposure assessment |
Interspecies extrapolation |
Probabilistic assessment factors fo human health risk assessment [196] |
| Show details
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| This report is a practical guide for the application of probabilistic distributions of default assessment factors in human health risk assessments. RIVM and TNO developed the use of probabilistic assessment factors as a first step towards further national and international harmonisation. Consensus was reached on the nature of distributions of several human assessment factors. The proposed distributions will be applied in risk assessments of new and existing substances and pesticides, produced at RIVM and TNO.
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human health, probabilistic assessment, risks, species |
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| Tools (tool) |
Chemical properties |
Chemical properties |
QSAR for skin permeation [197] |
| Show details
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| This webpage provides a refinement of the dermal absorption model of Wilschut et al. (1995). The refinement includes a revision of the mathematical description of the model and the estimation of the lag time from published validated skin permeation coefficients and from stratum corneum/water partition coefficients of generally apolar substances. The permeation coefficient and the stratum corneum/water partition values together are indispensable for the estimation of the lag time.
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permeability, dermal |
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| Databases (db) |
Emissions |
Emission factors |
RAINS emission factors [198] |
| Show details
|
| RAINS database includes emission factors for particles, NOx, SO2 and VOCs. Factors from several categories, such as agriculture, transport, combustion, and industrial processess are covered in European level.
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emission factors, particles, VOCs |
Europe, Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Georgia, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russia, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom
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| Databases (db) |
Emissions |
Air |
RAINS emissions [199] |
| Show details
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| RAINS model estimates emissions for EU countries. Included pollutants are particles, NOx, SO2 and VOCs. Emissions are national aggregates. Data can be grouped by activities and some emissions factors are also provided.
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emissions, air, emissions control, sources, scenarios, NOx, nitrogen oxides, SO2, sulfur dioxide, VOCs, volatile organic compounds |
Europe, Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Georgia, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Moldova, Romania, Russia, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom
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| Tools (tool) |
Chemical properties |
Chemical properties |
Skin permeation calculator [200] |
| Show details
|
| The skin permeation coefficient (kp) is a measure of the conductance of skin to a particular chemical from a particular vehicle. This calculator by NIOSH estimates the value of kp from an aqueous vehicle using three different models: Frasch, Potts & Guy and Modified Robinson.
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permeability, dermal |
|
| Databases (db) |
Emissions |
Emission profiles |
SPECIATE [201] |
| Show details
|
| SPECIATE is the EPA's repository of total organic compound (TOC) and particulate matter (PM) speciation profiles of air pollution sources. Among the many uses of speciation data, these source profiles are used to: 1) create speciated emissions inventories for regional haze, particulate matter (PM2.5), and ozone (O3) air quality modeling; 2) estimate hazardous and toxic air pollutant emissions from total PM and TOC primary emissions; 3) provide input to chemical mass balance (CMB) receptor models; and, 4) verify profiles derived from ambient measurements using multivariate receptor models (e.g., factor analysis and positive matrix factorization). SPECIATE includes a total of 4,080 PM and TOC profiles
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emissions inventories, air, particles, sources, TOC, total organic compounds, PM2.5, particulate matter, O3, ozone, haze |
USA
|
| Tools (tool) |
Concentration |
Water |
Surface water models [202] |
| Show details
|
| By modeling contaminant movement and concentration in lakes, streams, estuaries, and marine environments, researchers can better understand how exposure to contaminants affects aquatic environments.
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surface water, modeling, assessment, fish, fate, aquatic environment, environmental effects, sediment |
|
| Databases (db) |
Chemical properties |
General properties |
The FOOTPRINT Pesticide Properties Database [203] |
| Show details
|
| The FOOTPRINT Pesticide Properties Database (FOOTPRINT PPDB) is a comprehensive relational database of pesticide physicochemical and ecotoxicological data. The database holds data for all EU Annex-1 listed pesticides and selected metabolites.
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pesticides, chemical properties, ecotoxicology, environmental fate |
|
| Guidance documents (pdf) |
Exposure assessment |
General exposure assessment |
The Guidelines for Exposure Assessment [204] |
| Show details
|
| EPA's The Guidelines for Exposure Assessment describe the general concepts of exposure assessment including definitions and associated units, and by providing guidance on the planning and conducting of an exposure assessment. Guidance is also provided on presenting the results of the exposure assessment and characterizing uncertainty.
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exposure assessments |
|
| Databases (db) |
Chemical properties |
Toxicological properties |
The Toxic Substance Control Act Test Submission database (TSCATS) [205] |
| Show details
|
| The Toxic Substance Control Act Test Submission database, TSCATS, was developed by SRC for EPA in 1985. It is a central system for the collection, maintenance, and dissemination of information on unpublished technical reports submitted by industry to EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). Studies on over 8,000 chemicals are categorized into three broad subject areas (health effects, environmental effects, and environmental fate). Searches can be conducted using these subject areas plus additional indexing terms from the controlled vocabulary of testing protocol describing observations (e.g., species, duration of study, etc.).
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human health, health effects, environmental effects, toxicology, toxicity, carcinogenity, environmental fate, henry's law constants |
|
| Databases (db_list) |
General exposure factors |
Time activity data |
Time use studies [206] |
| Show details
|
| Web page that contains references to available time use studies, and provides a short description of them with possible links to the data source. Some of the data are included in other databases, like HETUS, AHTUS and MTUS, but this provides good overall look for the time use studies completed.
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time activity, time use |
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| Databases (db) |
General exposure factors |
Ingestion data |
Total Diet Studies [207] |
| Show details
|
| Total diet study (TDS) compiles the food consumption amounts for the total US population and 14 age/sex subgroups. Information on consumption around 280 foods are surveyd for 1990/1991 and 2003. Average per-capita (eater and non-eaters) daily consumption amounts are provided for each survey food and population group. US level data only. [208]
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ingestion, food, diet, TDS, total diet studies |
USA
|
| Databases (db) |
Media concentrations |
Food (including breast milk) |
Total Diet Study (TDS) [209] |
| Show details
|
| The Total Diet Study (TDS), sometimes called the market basket study, is an ongoing FDA program that determines levels of various contaminants and nutrients in foods in U.S. Most TDS foods (except for some infant/toddler foods) are analyzed for all elemental analytes (other than mercury) and radionuclides. For other analytes (pesticides, industrial chemicals, and mercury) selected foods are analyzed. Refer to the http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~comm/tds-food.html to determine which TDS foods are analyzed for each analyte group.
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TDS, total diet study, food, vocs, pesticides, mercury, polychlorinated biphenyls, metals, radionuclids, contaminants, nutrients |
USA
|
| Tools (tool) |
Concentration |
Multimedia |
TRIM.FaTE [210] |
| Show details
|
| TRIM.FaTE is a spatially explicit, compartmental mass balance model that describes the movement and transformation of pollutants over time, through a user-defined, bounded system that includes both biotic and abiotic compartments. Outputs include pollutant concentrations in multiple environmental media and biota, and also biota and pollutant intakes (e.g., mg/kg-day). Significant features of TRIM.FaTE include: (1) a fully coupled multimedia model; (2) user flexibility in defining scenarios, in terms of the links among compartments, and number and types of compartments, as appropriate for the application spatial and temporal scale; (3) transparent, user-accessible algorithm and input library that allows the user to review and modify how environmental transfer and transformation processes are modeled; (4) a full accounting of all of the pollutant as it moves among environmental compartments during simulation; (5) an embedded procedure to characterize uncertainty and variability; and (6) the capability to provide exposure estimates for ecological receptors.
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modeling, fate, transport, transfer, exposure, risk |
|
| Databases (db) |
General exposure factors |
Time activity data |
UK Time use survey 2000 [211] |
| Show details
|
| Includes 28 data tables for UK time activity survey for year 2000. The main aim of the Time Use survey (TUS) is to measure the amount of time spent by the UK population on various activities
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time activity, time use survey, TUS |
United Kingdom
|
| Databases (db) |
General exposure factors |
Time activity data |
UK Time use survey 2005 [212] |
| Show details
|
| Includes 16 data tables for UK time activity survey for year 2000. The main aim of the Time Use survey (TUS) is to measure the amount of time spent by the UK population on various activities.
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time activity, time use survey, TUS |
United Kingdom
|
| Databases (db) |
General exposure factors |
Population data |
UN population database [213] |
| Show details
|
| Information for all countries for years 1950 – 2050. 5 y. Age and gender groups.
|
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population size, population density |
|
| Databases (db) |
Media concentrations |
Water (river, lake, drinking water) |
Waterbase [214] |
| Show details
|
| Waterbase is the generic name given to the EEA's databases on the status and quality (pesticides in grounf water, nutrients and organic matter) of Europe's rivers, lakes, groundwater bodies and transitional, coastal and marine waters, and on the quantity of Europe's water resources. Waterbase contains timely, reliable and policy-relevant data collected from EEA member countries through the Eionet-Water (formerly known as Eurowaternet) process. Eionet-Water selects validated monitoring data from national databases and adds information on the physical characteristics of the water bodies being monitored and on the pressures potentially affecting water quality. The added value of Waterbase is that data collected through the Eionet-Water process are from statistically stratified monitoring stations and groundwater bodies and are comparable at the European level. [215]
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pesticides, nutrients, organic matter, surface water, ground water, water bodies, lakes, rivers, sea, water quality, transitional water, coastal waters, marine waters, surface water |
Europe: Countries included depends on the data
|
| Databases (db) |
Emissions |
Air |
WebDab [216] |
| Show details
|
| EMEP (Co-operative programme for monitoring and evaluation of long range transmission of air pollutants in Europe) emission database, open for interactive use via Internet. Emissions on Main Pollutants, Heavy Metals, Persistent Organic Pollutants and Particulate Matter are available as totals/sectors with national aggregates and as gridded values both for officially reported data and expert estimates. Emissions are also divided by source categories. [217]
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emissions, air, pops, particles, PM, heavy metals, NOx, SOx, CO, NH3, VOCs, long range transmission |
Europe, Canada
|
| Databases (db) |
Emissions |
Emission factors |
WebFIRE [218] |
| Show details
|
| The WebFIRE application provides fast and complete access to the EPA's air emissions factors information. AP42 supplemets are also included in the WebFIRE.
|
|
emission factors, emissions, sources, materials, actions, PAHs, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, POPs, persistent organic pollutants, PM, particles, VOCs, volatile organic compounds, metals, SOx, sulfur oxides, NOx, nirogen oxides, CO, carbon monoxide, CO2, carbon dioxide |
USA
|
| Databases (db) |
Media concentrations |
Water (river, lake, drinking water) |
WISE - My River Basin District [219] |
| Show details
|
| River Basin Districts (RBDs) are the main units for the management of river basins and have been delineated by European Union Member States. Using the WISE, you can view the geographic area of the International and National RBDs at the European level and access more information on the RBDs. You can locate Eionet-Water River monitoring stations and see the mean annual data on nutrients and organic pollution indicators for 2005. You can select bathing water sites and see their historical record of compliance with the European Quality Objectives. You can select agglomerations and see the type of sewage treatment it provides.
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Rivers, basins, districts, RBD, water, monitoring, nutrients, organic pollution indicators, sewage treatment, bathing, surface water |
Europe: Countries included depends on the data
|
| Databases (pdf) |
Occupational exposure |
Occupational exposure limits |
Workplace exposure limits [220] |
| Show details
|
| List of workplace exposure limits (WELs) which have been approved by the Health and Safety Commission in United Kingdom. The limits are given in ppm and
mg/m3.
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|
Europe
|
| Databases (db) |
Emissions |
Air |
World Ozone and Ultraviolet Radiation Data Centre (WOUDC) [221] |
| Show details
|
| The World Ozone and Ultraviolet Radiation Data Centre (WOUDC) is one of the World Data Centres which are part of the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) programme of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). The WOUDC, which began in 1961, is operated by the Experimental Studies Section of Environment Canada and is located in Toronto. The WOUDC contains ozone and UV data measured by instruments located on ground-based, shipborne or airborne platforms.
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uv |
Global
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| Tools (tool) |
Exposure |
Dermal |
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